Advanced

Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif

Course Advanced Digital Signal Processing

Information
Course overview
Course
Lecture 1
Contents

Introduction

Important DT
Functions
Dr. Ebtihal H. G. Yousif

Nov 2016

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 Outline

Advanced
1 Course Information
Digital Signal
Processing
Course overview
Dr. Ebtihal
Course Contents
H. G. Yousif 2 Introduction
Course 3 Important DT Functions
Information
Course overview
Course
Contents

Introduction

Important DT
Functions

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 Course Information

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif

Course Course Objective

Information
Course overview
Course
To provide in-depth treatment on methods and techniques on
Contents
Discrete Signals, Systems, and Transforms, Digital filters,
Introduction
Adaptive Filters, Multirate digital signal processing and power
Important DT
Functions spectral estimation which are of importance in the area of
signal processing and communication

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 Course Contents I
Discrete Signals, Systems, and Transforms

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif

Course
Information
DFT and linear/circular convolution
Course overview
Course Overlap-save and overlap-add method
Contents

Introduction Windowing and frequency analysis of stationary signals

Important DT
Functions
FFT algorithms and structures
FFT of real-valued sequences

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 Course Contents II
Digital Filters

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal Direct-form, lattice, and cascade structures for FIR filters
H. G. Yousif
Direct-form, lattice, and parallel structures for IIR filters
Course
Information Coefficient quantization and round-off effects
Course overview
Course Design of FIR filters
Contents

Introduction Design of linear-phase filters using a window function

Important DT
Frequency-sampling design
Functions Optimum equiripple design (Chebyshev approximation)
Design of IIR filters
Design by impulse invariance
Bilinear transform
Characteristics of commonly used analog filters

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 Course Contents III
Adaptive Filters

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal FIR adaptive filters steepest descent adaptive filter LMS
H. G. Yousif
algorithm convergence of LMS algorithms Application:
Course noise cancellation channel equalization adaptive recursive
Information
Course overview filters recursive least squares.
Course
Contents
Multirate digital signal processing
Introduction

Important DT Basic multirate operation (upsampling, downsampling)

Functions
Efficient structures for decimation and interpolation
Decimation and interpolation with polyphase filters
Noninteger sampling rate conversion
Efficient multirate filtering

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 Course Contents IV
Adaptive Filters

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal FIR adaptive filters steepest descent adaptive filter LMS
H. G. Yousif
algorithm convergence of LMS algorithms Application:
Course noise cancellation channel equalization adaptive recursive
Information
Course overview filters recursive least squares.
Course
Contents
Multirate digital signal processing
Introduction

Important DT Basic multirate operation (upsampling, downsampling)

Functions
Efficient structures for decimation and interpolation
Decimation and interpolation with polyphase filters
Noninteger sampling rate conversion
Efficient multirate filtering

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 Course Contents V
Spectral estimation

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif
Periodogramm-based nonparametric methods
Course
Information Periodogram
Course overview
Course
Bartlett’s method
Contents
Welch’s method
Introduction
Blackman-Tukey method
Important DT
Functions Parametric methods for power spectrum estimation
ARMA modeling
Yule-Walker equation and solution

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 Applications of DSP I

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing
Telecommunications (mobile phones, computers, etc.)
Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif Speech Processing (Speech recognition, speech synthesis,
Course speaker verification, speech enhancement, text-to-speech
Information
Course overview
translation, etc)
Course
Contents Consumer Electronics (HDTV, digital cameras, digital
Introduction
phones, etc.)
Important DT
Functions Biomedical Systems (X-ray machines, MRI, CT scanning,
ultrasound imaging, etc)
Image Processing (Image enhancement, image restoration,
image understanding, computer vision, radar and sonar
processing, geophysical and seismic data processing,
remote sensing, and weather monitoring, etc.)

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 Applications of DSP II

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
Military Electronics (GPS and navigation, radar and sonar
H. G. Yousif
image processing, detection and tracking of targets, etc.)
Course
Information
Aerospace and Automotive Electronics (control of aircraft
Course overview
Course
and automotive engines, monitoring and control of flying
Contents
performance of aircraft, navigation and communications,
Introduction
etc.)
Important DT
Functions
Industrial Applications (Numerical control, robotics,
control of engines and motors, manufacturing automation,
security access, and video-conferencing are a few of the
industrial applications.)

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 Discrete-Time Signals

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif A discrete-time signal is a function that is defined only at
Course discrete instants of time and undefined at all other values
Information
Course overview
of time.
Course
Contents A discrete-time function may be defined at arbitrary values
Introduction
of time in the interval −∞ to ∞, we will consider only a
Important DT
Functions function defined at equal intervals of time and defined at
t = nT
Where T is a fixed interval in seconds known as the
sampling period and n ∈ Z+ .

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 Discrete-Time Signals
Modeling and Properties of Discrete-Time Signals

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif
The sequence is expressed as a number of elements of a
Course
Information
set, e.g.,
Course overview
Course
{ }
x(n) = 2 3 1.5 0.5 − 1 4
Contents

Introduction ↑
Important DT
Functions
The arrow indicates the value of the sample when n = 0
If a sequence has zero values for n < 0, then it is called a
causal sequence.

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 Unit Pulse Function

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing
The unit pulse function δ(n) is defined by
Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif {
1 n=0
Course δ(n) = (1)
Information
Course overview
0 n ̸= 0.
Course
Contents

Introduction It is often called the unit sample function and also the unit
Important DT impulse function
Functions
A delayed unit impulse is given by
{
1 n=k
δ(n − k) = (2)
0 n ̸= k.

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 Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif

Course
Information
Course overview
Course
Contents

Introduction

Important DT
Functions

Figure: Examples of unit impulses

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 Unit Step Function

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing
The unit step function u(n) is defined by
Dr. Ebtihal {
H. G. Yousif 1 n≥0
u(n) = (3)
Course 0 n < 0.
Information
Course overview
Course
Contents A unit step function, that is delayed by k samples is
Introduction defined as {
Important DT 1 n≥k
Functions u(n − k) = (4)
0 n < k.
A unit step function, that is advanced by k samples is
defined as {
1 n ≥ −k
u(n + k) = (5)
0 n < −k.

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 Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif

Course
Information
Course overview
Course
Contents

Introduction

Important DT
Functions

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 Real Exponential Function

Advanced
Digital Signal The real exponential function is defined by
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif x(n) = an , −∞ < n < ∞, a ∈ R (6)
Course
Information When a ∈ C, then the function is called the complex
Course overview
Course
exponential sequence
{
Contents

Introduction
an k ≤ n ≤ ∞,
Important DT x(n) = (7)
Functions
b n −∞ < n < k.

A Special Discrete Time sequence

A special discrete-time sequence that is defined for n ≥ 0

x(n) = an u(n) (8)

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 Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
H. G. Yousif

Course
Information
Course overview
Course
Contents

Introduction

Important DT
Functions

Figure: A real exponential function x1 (n) = 0.8n u(n)

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 Complex Exponential Function

Advanced
Digital Signal
Processing

Dr. Ebtihal
The complex exponential sequence is a function that is
H. G. Yousif complex-valued as a function of n.
Course
Information x(n) = Aαn , −∞ < n < ∞ (9)
Course overview
Course
Contents

Introduction
where A ∈ C and α ∈ C
Important DT The sequence can be expanded to the form:
Functions

x(n) = |A| e jθ e (σ0 +jω0 )n (10)

= |A| e σ0 n
cos (ω0 n + ϕ) + j |A| e σ0 n
sin (ω0 n + ϕ)
(11)

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