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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Lipa
Lodlod National Highschool

A Detailed Lesson in Mathematics

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the period the students will be able to:
1. Describe and define irrational numbers.
2. Describe principal roots and tell whether they are rational or irrational.
3. Determine between what two integers the nth of a number is.

II. SUBJECT MATTER


a. Topic: Principal Roots and Irrational Numbers
b. Reference: MATHEMATICS Learner’s Material
c. Materials: Cartolina, Marker, Chalk, Board

III. LESSON PROPER

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Response


A. Daily Routine
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Classroom Management
4. Attendance

B. Priming
Before we start our lesson for today
let’s have a short recap on what we have
discussed yesterday.

What are the properties of rational numbers?


Closure Property, Commutative Property of
Addition, Commutative Property of
Multiplication, Associative Property of
Addition, Associative Property of
Multiplication, Distributive Property of
Multiplication over Subtraction, Distributive
Multiplication Property over Addition, Identity
Property of Addition, Identity Property of
Multiplication, Zero Property of Multiplication

C. Activity
Class, take a look with this unusual
wall clock
D. Analysis

1. Can you tell the time? Yes.


2. What time is shown in this wall clock? 11:45
3. What do you get when you take the√1?
√4?√9?√16? 1, 2, 3, 4
4. How will you describe the result? Student’s answer may vary.

E. Abstraction
Our topic for today is about Principal
Roots and Irrational Numbers.
So taking the square roots of a number
is like doing the reverse operation of squaring
of a number.
For example both 7 and -7 are the roots of 49
since 72=49 and (-7)2. Integers such as 1, 4, 9,
16, 25, and 36 are called perfect squares.
4
Rational numbers such as 0.16, 100, and 4.84
are also perfect squares.

Perfect Squares are numbers that have rational


number as their square roots. (The students will read all together.)
The square roots of perfect squares are rational
number while the square roots of a number that
is not perfect squares are called irrational
number.

What is rational number?


Rational number is any number that can be
expressed as a quotient of two integers.

What do you mean by irrational number?


. Irrational number is any number that cannot be
expressed as a quotient of two integers.

Example:
√2, 𝜋 and special numbers.

Note: Decimal numbers that are non-repeating


and non-terminating are irrational numbers.

Principal nth root is any number say a, whose


nth power (n, a positive integer), is b is called (All boys will read.)
the nth root of b.
Example:
(-7)2=49
24=16
(-100)3=-1000
This means that -7 is the square root of 49, 2 is
the 4th root of 16 and -100 is the cube root of -
1000.

Note: The principal nth root of a positive (All girls will read.)
number is positive nth root. The principal nth
root of a negative number is the negative nth
root if n is odd. If n is even and the number is
negative, the principal nth root is not defined.

The notation for the principal nth root of a


𝑛
number b is √𝑏. In this expression, n is the
index and b is the radicand. The nth roots are
also called radicals.

Classifying Principal nth Roots as


Rational or Irrational Numbers

To determine whether a principal root is a


rational or irrational determine if the radicand
is a perfect nth power or not. Otherwise it is
irrational.

Example:
Problem 1. Tell whether the principal root of (The students will read all together.)
each number is rational or irrational.
3
a. √225
b. √0.04
5
c. √−111
d. √10000
4
e. √625 a.
3
√225 is irrational
b. √0.04=0.02 is rational
5
c. √−111 is irrational
d. √10000=100 is rational
4
e. √625=5 is the rational

Problem 2. The principal roots below are


between two integers. Find the two closest (The students will read all together.)
such integers.
a. √19
3
b. √101
Solution:
c. √300
a. √19
16 is a perfect integer square and 4 is its
principal square roots. 25 is the next perfect
integer square and 5 is its principal square root.
Therefore,√19 is between 4 and 5.
3
b. √101
64 is a perfect integer cube and 4 is the
principal cube root. 125 is the next perfect
integer cube and 5 is its principal cube root.
3
Therefore, √101 is between 4 and 5.

c. √300
289 is a perfect integer square and 17 is the
principal square roots. 324 is the next perfect
integer square and 18 is its principal square
roots. Therefore, √300 is between 17 and 18.
F. Application
Your seatmate will be your partner
again. I will give you a sheet of paper and I
want you to answer it together. You only have
five (5) minutes. But before you please be
reminded by the word ROOTS:

R-espect your partner’s opinion


O-rderliness & Clienliness (Student’s will read all together.)
O-ptimism is needed
T-ime management
S-mile as you work

A. Tell whether the principal roots of each


number are rational of irrational.

1. √400
2. √64
3. √39
4. √26
1
5. √49

B. Between which two consecutive


numbers does the square root lie?
1. √77
2. √700 A.
3. √243
4. √444 1. Rational
5. √48 2. Rational
3. Irrational
4. Irrational
5. Rational

B.

1. 8 and 9
2. 26 and 27
3. 15 and 16
4. 21 and 22
5. 6 and 7

G. Assessment:

A. Tell whether the principal roots of


each number are rational of
irrational.
1. √50
2. √72
3. √169
A.
B. Between which two consecutive
1. Irrational
numbers does the square root lie?
2. Irrational
1. √6 3. Rational
2. √99
3. √199 B.
1. 2 and 3
2. 9 and 10
3. 19 and 20

H. Assignment

A. Tell whether the principal roots of each


number are rational of irrational.

1. √55
2. √256
3. √99
4. √579
5. √1296

B. Between which two consecutive


numbers does the square root lie?
A.
1. √250 1. Irrational
2. √85 2. Rational
3. √136 3. Irrational
4. √15 4. Rational
5. √112 5. Rational

B.
1. 15 and 16
2. 9 and 10
3. 11 and 12
4. 3 and 4
5. 10 and 11
Prepared by:

MAY E. SABAYBAY

Student Teacher

Prepared for:

GRACE V. ROBLEDO

Cooperating Teacher

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