17/3/2016 AASHTO T 310 - Standard Specification for In-Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear

Methods (Shallow Depth) …

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Standard: AASHTO T 310

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR IN-PLACE DENSITY AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOIL AND SOIL-
AGGREGATE BY NUCLEAR METHODS (SHALLOW DEPTH)

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Scope: This test method describes the procedure for determining the in-place density and moisture of soil and soil-aggregate
by use of nuclear gauge. The density of the material may be determined by either direct transmission, backscatter, or
backscatter/air–gap ratio method. The moisture of the material is determined only from measurements taken at the
surface of the soil (i.e., backscatter).

Density—The total or wet density of soil and soil–rock mixtures is determined by the attenuation of gamma radiation
where the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm (12 in.) while the detector(s) or source
remains on the surface (Direct Transmission Method) or the source and detector(s) remain on the surface
(Backscatter Method).

The density in mass per unit volume of the material under test is determined by comparing the detected rate of
gamma radiation with previously established calibration data.

Moisture—The moisture content of the soil and soil-rock mixtures is determined by thermalization or slowing of fast
neutrons where the neutron source and the thermal neutron detector both remain at the surface.

The water content in mass per unit volume of the material under test is determined by comparing the detection rate of
thermalized or slow neutrons with previously established calibration data.

SI Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch–pound equivalents may be
approximate. It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit
of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the
gravitational system.

This standard has been written using the absolute system for water content (kilograms per cubic meter) in SI units.
Conversion to the gravitational system of unit weight in lbf/ft3 may be made. The recording of water content in pound-
force per cubic foot should not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard although the use is scientifically
incorrect.

In the English system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales
recording pounds of mass (lbm), or recording of density (lbm/ft3) should not be regarded as nonconformance with this
standard.

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 6, Hazards.

American Association of State DOD Adopted: NO

Organization:
Highway and Transportation Officials ANSI Approved: NO
Document Number: aashto t 310 Most Recent Revision: NO
Publish Date: 2006-01-01 Current Version: NO
Page Count: 14 Status: Inactive
Available Languages: EN

Document History
Document # Change Type Update Date Revision Status

AASHTO T 310 COMPLETE

2013-01-01 13 ACTV
(http://standards.globalspec.com/std/1623788/aashto-t-310) REVISION

AASHTO T 310
STCH 2011-01-01 11 INAC
(http://standards.globalspec.com/std/1412392/aashto-t-310)

This Standard References

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ASTM D2937 ASTM D7013

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17/3/2016 AASHTO T 310 - Standard Specification for In-Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) …
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AASHTO T 180 AASHTO T 224

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AASHTO T 217 AASHTO T 265

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ASTM D2487 ASTM D4253

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AASHTO T 191 AASHTO T 255

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