Question 1 ‘White the formulae of any two oxoacids of phosphorus, Answer: HP0g and HaPOs Question 2: Write the formulae of any two oxoacids of chlorine. Answer: HOO and HClO Question 3: HP0s disproportionates while HPO, does not, why? Answer: itis because in HyP0s, 'P’is in +3, intermediate oxidation state which can increase to +5 and decrease to-3, whereas in HP0s,"P”Is in highest oxidation state +5 which can only gain electrons, |e. undergoes reduction only, acts as oxidising agent and cannot disproportionate. Question 4: Out of white phosphorus and red phosphorus, which one is more reactive and why? Answer: White phosphorus because itis monomeric and has low bond dissociation enthalpy due to angle of strain (bond angle 60") Question 5: What is the basicity of HgP0,? Answer: Three, HO” | >on OH Question 6: Write the formulae of any two oxoacids of sulphurAnswer: HS04 and HpSO3 Question 7: Which allotrone of sulphur is thermalyy stable at room temperature? Answer: Rhombic sulphur. Short Answer Type Questions [I] [2 Marks] Question 8: White the structures of the follawing molecules: (i) HaS03 (li) XeOF 4 Answer - oO Q F, F @) of pow HH F F Question 9: Write the structures of the following: (i) HpS00r (li) XeO2 Answer: oS oO Ho OH (H,8,07) » XL As (i) a‘Question 10: ‘White the structures ofthe following: (i) N20 (i) BF Answer: Short Answer Type Questions [II] [3 Marks] ‘Question 11 Give reasons for the following. () Neis less reactive at room temperature. (ii) HzTeis the strongest reducing agent amongst all the hydrides of group 16-¢lements. (ii) Helium is used in diving apparatus as a diluent for oxygen. Answer: (i) tis due to presence of triple bond which has high bond dissociation enthalpy (idHzTe has longest bond length which has lowest bond dissociation enthalpy. (il) tis because helium is less soluble than Nz in blood and does not cause pain. Question 12: Give reasons for the following: (i) NH has a higher boiling point than PH. (ii) HgTe is more acidic than HS (iii) Chlorine water on standing loses its yellow colour Answer: (i) NH is associated with inter molecular H-bonding, PHg is not. (ii) HzTe has lower bond dissociation enthalpy than HS due to longer bond length. (ii) Cly#H0 —> HCL+HOCL iFforms HCl and HOCI, both are colourless.‘Question 13: (a) Account for the folowing: (i) Bond angle in NHy is greater than that in NH, Reducing character decreases from $0p 0 TeO2 (ii) HC1Og is a stronger acid than HCIO. (0) Draw the structures of the folowing (HyS20s (i) XeOFs Answer: (a) () NH has lone pair of electron, so, bond angle is 107°, whereas NH™ does not, therefore, bond angle is 109.5" (uItis due to stability of higher oxdation state which decreases due to inert x, effect Itis because CIO." is more stable than CIO- due to more dispersal charge on four oxygen atoms Ho © g wi) , O oF ANA “Tetahedral Square pyr Question 14: (a) Which poisonous gas is evotved when white phosphorus is heated with Gone. NaOH solution? Write the. ‘chemical equation. (b) Write the formula of frst noble gas compound prepared by N. Bartlett What inspired N. Barlett to prepare: this compound? (c) Fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chioine. Why? (@Wnte one use of chlorine gas. (e}Complete the allowing equation CaF, + H2S04 Answer: (@) Phosphine gas is formed. P, + SN2OH + 3H,O —> 3NaH,PO, + PH, Sodium. Phosphine hypophosphite (b)Xe#PtF9, The comparable lonisation enthalpy of 02 molecule (1175 KJ mol-) and Xe (1170 KJ ‘ol-)neplred Nell Bartlet to prepare tis compound. (e)Itis due to low bone dissociation enthalpy, higher hydration energy of F-and high electron gain enthalpy. (q) tis used as bleaching agent and disinfectant. (e) CaF, + H;80, > Ca80, + 2HFQuestion 15: (a) Account for the following (i) Bi(V) is stronger oxidizing agent than Sb(V), (ii) HO—is a weaker acid than H-O—Cl. (ii) Bond angle decreases from HzO to H,S. (b)Draw the structures of the following: () SFy (ii) XeFz Answer: (a) (i) Bi3+ is more stable than Sb3+ due to inert pair effect. BiS+ can gain 2 electrons to form Bi3+. That is why Bi5+ is stronger oxidising agent than Sb5+. (ii) tis because ‘CI is more electronegative than (ii)Itis because oxygen is more electronegative and smaller in size than sulphur. ©) @ (i) F See-Saw Question 16: () Why does PCIs fume in moisture? (li) Write the name of the allotrope of sulphur which is stable at room temperature. (i) Ghlonne water on standing loses ts yelow colour Why? (iv) Write the disproportionation reaction of H3P0s. (v) Complete the following equation: F2 + H20 Answer: (i) Ui because it gets hydrolysed to form HGI which fumes is moist air.PCI, + HgO —> POLI, + HCL (i) Rhombic sulphur (a-sulphur) (ii) Cl, + HO —> HCl + HOC! It is due to loss of chlorine which changes into HCl and HOCI which are colourless. (io) 4H,PO, —> HPC, + PH, () 2F, + 2H,0—> 4HF + 0, Question 17: (2) () Acidic character increases from HF to Hl (1) There's tage aifference between the meting and boiling poins of oxygen and sulphur (li) Nitrogen does not form pentanatde. (b) Draw the stuctures of the folowing: () OIF 3 (i) XO Answer: (a) (tis because bond dissociation energy decreases due to increase in bond length as atomic size of halogen increases from HF to HL (ll) Oxygen is ciatoric gas having weak van der Waals’ forces, whereas sulphur is octaatomic (Se) soli, therefore, thas more van der Waals’ forces of attraction, Hence sulphur has higher meting and boiling points than oxygen (i) tis because nitrogen does not have d-orbitas r F F, G 6) w SS S ) Ft {\ iF F w ‘Tshaped Square planar Question 18: () Which altotrope of phosphorus is more reactive and why? (li) How the supersonic jet aeroplanes are responsible for the depletion of ozone layers? (ii) Fz has lower bond dissociation enthalpy than Cla. Why? (v) Which noble gas is used in filing balloons for meteorological observations? (v) Complete the equation: XeF) + PFsAnswer: () White phosphorus because it is monomeric ard has low bond dissociation enthalpy due to angle of strain (bond angle 60°) (li) Supersonic et aeroplanes release NO which is responsible for the depletion (of ozone layer. NO +03 —> N02 + 02 (ii ttts due to more inter electronic repulsion between lone pair of electrons (iv) Helium, () XeF: + PF —> XeF I+ [PF] ‘Question 18: (@) Account forthe folowing: () Bond ange in NH4+ is higher than NH, (i) HS has lower boiling point than H0. Reducing character decreases from S02 to TeOp (©) Draw the structure ofthe folowing (@ H4P20,; (pytophosphoric acid) (i) XeF Answer: (a) Refer Ans. to @. 13 (a) (i). (i) HS molecules are not associated with intermolecular H-bonding and have weak van der Waals’ forces of, attraction, therefore, HoS has lower boiling point than H20 in which molecules are associated with intermolecular H-bonding (ii) Refer Ans. to @. 13 (a) (i) tok Ov INGZaN (ii) Refer Ans. to Q.15 (d) (i). nd 16° by08 (HyP,0,) (Pyrophosphorie acid) . Tetrahedral ‘Question 20: (a) Draw the structures ofthe following: (0 XeF (i) H26207 (b) Account for the folowing: (i) ron on reaction with HCI forms FeCly and not FeCl, (ii) HCOq is a stronger acid than HCIO. (il) Bitlis the strongest reducing agent amongst all the hydrides of group 18.Answer: (a) (i) Refer Ans. to Q.17 (6) i) of IN 0” iv o (H,8,0,) {Pyvosulphuric acid) (b) (i) Fe reacts with HCI to form FeCl, because HClis not an oxidising agent. Secondly, if any FeCl, is formed, it wll be reduced to FeCl, by [H] [nascent hydrogen], (li) Refer Ans. to 0.13 (a) (il) (li Bilt; has lowest bond dissociation enthalpy due to longer bond length. Therefore, itacts as strongest reducing agent. Question 21 ‘What is the basicity of H3P03? ‘Answer: HPOsis dibasic acid Its basicity is2 g Ho7 | “H on ‘Question 22: Why does NO2 dimesse? Answer: itis because NOs has unpaied (od) cleo, therfore, tis unsiable are fos mer to become tableoO Question 23: Why does NHs act as a Lewis base? Answer: Itis because in NH, there is lone pair of electrons on ‘N’ therefore, it acts as Lewis base. Question 24: Why is the single NN bond weaker than the single P—P bond? Answer: There is more repulsion between lone pair of electrons on smaller ‘N’ atoms in-N—N: bond due to which itis weaker than PP: bond. Question 25: ‘Arrange the folowing in the increasing order oftheir basic character: NHs, PH, ASHs, SbHs, BiHls Answer: BiH < SbH3 < ASHy < PH < NH Short Answer Type Questions [1] [2 Marks] Question 24 Complete the following chemical equations () CasP2 + #20. (i Cu+ 804 (Cone)Answer: ()CagPy + 6H{0—~> 3Ca(OH)p + 2PH3 (ii) Cu + 2HgS04(conc )——> CuS0, + S02 + 2H20 Question 27: Arrange the following in the order of property indicated against each set (i) HF, HCl, HBr, Hl— increasing bond dissociation enthalpy. (ii) H20, HpS, HpSe, HzTe — increasing acidic character Answer: ()) Hl < HBr < HCI < HF is the increasing order of bond dissociation enthalpy, (ii) H2O @® Py + 16H,O , 4H,PO, + 10H, (ii) XeF, + O,F, ——> XeF, + Oy Question 29: Draw the structures of the following: (i) XeFp (i) BrF3 Answer:() Refer Ans. to Q.15 (6) (ii). (ii) F we ee Tthaned Question 30: Complete the following equations: Ag+ PCls CaF2+H2S04 Answer: () 2Ag + PC], —> 2AgCl + PCI, (i) CaF, + H,SO,—> CaSO, + 2HF > Question 31: Draw the structures of the following: (i) XeF 4 (ii) HCOg Answer: (Refer Ans. to Q.17 (b) (ii). (ii) H AN, J} (Tetrahedral) Question 32: Complete the following equations. (i) C+ cone. HzS04. (li) XeF2 + H20 >Answer: (i) C + 2H,SO,(conc.) —> CO, + 2H,O + 250, (ii) 2XeF, + 2H,0 —> 4HF + 2Xe + O, Question 3 Draw the structures of the following: (i) Xe03 (i) HaSO4 Answer: x { @ IS . a) ON oho & {jpn Pyramidal ‘Tetrahedral Question 3 [Name the two most important allotropes of sulphur. Which one of the two is stable at room temperature? What happens when the stable form is heated above 370 K? Answer: () Rnombic sulphur (a-sulphur) (ii) Monoclinic sulphur (B-sulptur) Rhombic sulphur is more stable at room temperature When Rhombic sulphur is heated above 370 K. it changes to monocinic sulphur. Question 36: (i) Waite the conditions to maximize the yield of H2804 by contact process, (i) Why is Kg} < Kao for HS0g in water?Answer: (i) High pressure, 2 bar (b) Temperature, 720 (©) V205, catalyst (0) Excess of oxygen (i) HeS0,isa strong acid, therefore, its K is very high as it dissociates info H30+ and HSO, almost completely The dissociation of HS0, fo Hs0+ and SO-2 is slow, therefore, is much lower than Kay Short Answer Type Questions [II] [3 Marks] Question 36: 26. (a) Draw the structures of the following molecules: () XeOF « (il) #2804 (b) Write the structural difference between white phosphorus and red phosphorus. ‘Answer: (a) (i) Refer Ans. to Q. 13 (b) (i. (i) Refer Ans. to 0.33 (i), (0) White phosphorus is monomeric, whereas red phosphorus is polymeric. Question 37: ‘Account forthe folowing () PCs is more covalent than PC's, (a) on on reaction with HC! forms FeC}, and not FeCl, (i) The two O—O bond lengths in the czone molecule are equal, Answer: (2) P5+ has more polarizing power than P3+, therefore, PCls is more covalent than PC's according to Fajan’s nue(ii) Refer Ans. to @.20 (b) (i). (ii) Itis due to resonance. Lhe — vy Question 38: (a) Draw the structures of the following’ () XeF 2 (ii) BF (b) Write the structural difference between white phosphorus and red phosphorus. Answer: (a) (i) Refer Ans. to Q. 15 (b) (i. (ii) Refer Ans. to @.29 (ii) (b) White phosphorus is monomeric, whereas red phosphorus is polymeric wuesuion ov: 39. Account for the following, () Bi(V) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Sb(V) (ii) N-N single bond is weaker than P—P single bond. * (ui) Noble gases have very low boiling points. Answer: (Refer Ans. to Q.15 (a) (). (ii) itis due to more repulsion between valence electrons of smaller size of N atoms than P atoms. itis due to weak van der Waals’ forces of attraction as these are non-polar. Question 40: 40. (a) Draw the structures of the following compounds: ()XeF a (i) NoOs, (b) Write the structural cifference between white phosphorus and red phosphorus.Answer: ) @ Refer Ans. to Q17 @) i. O_O, eC ‘oO (N.0)) (b) White phosphorus is monomeric, whereas red phosphorus is polymeric. Question 41: Account for the folowing: (i) Sulphur in vapour form exhibits paramagnetic behaviour (ii) SnCly is more covalent than SnCly (ii) HgPO2 is a stronger reducing agent than HaP0s Answer: () Sulphur exists as S2 molecule like O2 in vapour state and has two unpaired electrons. Therefore, itis paramagnetic, (ii) Sn4+ has more polarising power than Sn2+ due to smaller size and higher charge. , (ii) Itis because HgPO2 has two P—H bonds, whereas H3P03 has only one P—H bond t t Pp P HO~ | SH HO~ | >H H OH (H,PO,) (H,PO,) Question 42: Give reasons for the following: (i) (CH3)P=0 exists but (CH3)3 N=0 does not (ii) Oxygen has less electron gain enthalpy with negative sign than sulphur. (il) H3P02 is a stronger reducing agent than HsPO3. Answer:(i) tis because ‘N’ does not have d-orbitals, whereas ‘P' has rf-orbitals (ii) tis due to more inter-electronic repulsion in smaller oxygep atoms than sulphur atoms (il) Refer Ans. 0.41 iil. Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] ‘Question 43: (a) Account for the following: (i) Biis a strong oxidizing agent in the +5 state (i) PCig is known but NCis is not known (ii) Kon dissolves in HCI to form FeCk and not FeCl (b) Draw the structures of the followings (0 XeOF lit) HCI, Answer: (a) (i) BiS+can gain 2 electrons to form Bi3+which is more stable due to inert pair effect. (ii) ‘P has ef-orbitals, whereas ‘N’ does not have cf-orbitals. (il) Refer Ans. to 20 (b) (i) tr (l b) (i) Refer Ans. to Q. 13 (b) (ii) ii) Refer Ans. to Q.31 (ii. Question 44: (a) Draw the structures of the following: (i) HoS2Og(ii) Red Pa {b) Account for the following: (i) Sulphur in vapour state exhibits paramagnetism. (ii) Unlike xenon, no distinct chemical compound of helium is known.(ii) H3PQ2 is a stronger reducing agent than HsPOs, Answer: @@ 9 G (ii) / I I ys 07) >0—0- 0 NW NV OH OH (b) (i) Refer Ans. to 0.41 (i). Helium (He) has the highest ionisation enthalpy and least polarising power due to smaller size as compared to Xe, therefore, it does not form chemical compound. (it) Refer Ans. to @.41 (i. Question 45: What is the covalency of nitrogen in NOs? Answer: Four. Q 0. 0 ANF N of ‘No It can form four covalent bonds.