INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL

CENLEX Santo Tomás

Centro de Auto-acceso
Guía de estudio

Idioma: INGLÉS
Nivel: Intensivo Básico 3 - 4 (Final)
Unidades: Traveller Pre-Intermediate. U 1-3

SECTION I. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE PRESENT SIMPLE OR PRESENT

PROGRESSIVE OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

1. Maria ____________ (work) for a TV station.

2. At the moment, she ____________ (travel) in the Sahara Desert.
3. Dan ____________ (love) wild animals.
4. He ____________ (not visit) Alaska at the moment.
5. Martha ____________ (not live) in Africa.
6. She ____________ (stay) in Africa at the moment.
7. Dad usually ____________ (cook) dinner.
8. My parents ____________ (go) to Italy every year.
9. My sister ____________ (walk) to school every day.
10. We ____________ (have) lunch now.

SECTION II. FILL IN THE BLANK SPACES WITH “USED TO” OR THE PAST SIMPLE OF THE VERBS IN
BRACKETS.

1. I ____________ (have) long hair when I was younger.

2. Faye __________ (buy) a tablet for her boyfriend last month.
3. Jimmy ____________ (swim) every day last month.
4. Claire and Carol_____________ (have) a lot of fun when they were in elementary school.
5. We ___________ (go shopping) every day when we lived in Paris.
6. Five years ago I _________ (live) in London, in a small flat.
7. When I was a child, my dog Pinky and I __________ (play) in the garden all morning.

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SECTION III. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

1. We have a class ______ eleven o’clock.

2. The program is ______ nine ______ eleven.
3. Tom goes to school ______ the morning, and he works ______ the afternoon.
4. I study ______ Saturday morning.
5. I sleep ______ night.
6. Lucy´s anniversary is ______ December.
7. Mary was born ______ 1967.
8. The play is ______ October 28.
9. Mary´s birthday is ______ April 17, 1967.
10. The bank isn’t open ______ Sundays.

SECTION IV. CHOOSE THE WORD FROM THE TABLE BELOW TO FILL EACH SPACE. SOME WORDS

MAY BE USED MORE THAN ONCE.

a, a lot of, a few, some, any, many, a little, an, much, a lot

1. How _______________ children do you and Tony have?

2. I don’t have _______________ patience and I find board games boring.
3. We only have _______________ carrots. We should go and buy some more.
4. “Do we need any mushrooms?” No, we have _______________. Look, three bags!”
5. There was an explosion at the factory and _______________ people were injured. We, don’t know how
many yet.
6. When you make the pie, put just _______________ wine in it too. It makes it really tasty.
7. When you go out, buy me _______________ apple and a bottle of coke.
8. I don’t need _______________ advice from you. You don’t understand the problem.
9. “Do you like this program?” Not _______________. You can change the channel if you want.
10. Lots of people in Spain like to take _______________ siesta during the hottest part of the day.

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SECTION V. COMPLETE THE DIALOGUES USING THE SIMPLE PAST OR THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS.

1. Helen______________ (do) her weekly shopping when she__________ (meet) her old friend, June.
2. Jim _________ (wait) for Max at the airport while Max__________ (wait) for Jim at the bus station. What a
disaster!
3. It_____________ (rain) very hard, so I ___________ (decide) not to go to the match.
4. When the police___________ (arrive) at the party, everybody_____________ (drink) and _______________
(shout).
5. Joan__________ (get) very angry this morning. She_____________ (speak) to an important client, and
someone____________ (enter) the room without knocking.

SECTION VI. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH BEEN OR GONE

1. I have _______________ to the USA. I went there last summer.
2. George isn’t in Greece anymore. He has _______________ to Italy.
3. Have you ever _______________ to Argentina?
4. My parents have _______________ to Portugal. They’ll be back next week.
5. I have never ______________to Egypt, but I want to go one day.

SECTION VII. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH JUST, ALREADY, SINCE, FOR, OR YET

1. The train has _______________ arrived, about two minutes ago. Oh ok. I thought that I had missed it, and I
would have to wait for the next train. I’m glad that it hasn’t left _______________. I’ve been here
_______________ noon, and he has also been here _______________ a long time.

2. The store has _______________ opened, so they are having an open house. That’s fantastic because I want
to buy some new clothes. Have you decided what you need to shop for ______________? No, I’ve been so
busy at work _______________ we got that new account that I haven’t had time to think about myself
_______________ several days.

3. Has the paint dried _______________? No, I’ve _______________ finished painting it. Oh, I thought that the
paint had _______________ dried.

4. May I see your supervisor? Oh, sorry. I’m afraid he’s _______________ left. I didn’t think he had left
_______________. I have waited for him to get back ______________ a week, _______________ Monday,
but he hasn’t returned my call _______________.

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SECTION VIII. CIRCLE THE CORRECT WORDS
1. You don’t have to / need to give an answer now. Tell us tomorrow.
2. We’ve just had dinner. You can / are able to join us for breakfast next Sunday.
3 .Alice, you mustn’t / needn’t take pictures in a museum. It isn’t allowed.
4. Could / May you open the door, please?
5. Must / Have to I go to bed early?
6. Tom can / could speak three languages when he was ten.

SECTION IX. READ THE DIRECT QUESTIONS AND FORM INDIRECT QUESTIONS.
1. What’s his name?
Do you know _______________________________________________?
2. Where did you buy this dress?
Can you tell me ______________________________________________?
3. When will he come to see us?
Do you remember ____________________________________________?
4. Are the shops open on Sunday?
Could you tell me _____________________________________________?
5. Have the Smiths gone on holiday?
Does anybody know___________________________________________?
6. Did he use to smoke when he was a teenager?
Can you tell me _______________________________________________?

SECTION X. FILL IN THE GAPS WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE ADJECTIVES IN BRACKET
1. Is Rome _______________ (old) city in Europe?
2. The traffic today is _______________ (bad) than yesterday.
3. The garden in our new house is _______________ (small) than the old one.
4. Los Angeles is _______________ (crowded) than Boston.
5. The Stevens live in _______________ (fashionable) area in town.
6. Are the shops in the centre _______________ (expensive) than the local shops?
7. This room has _______________ (good) view of all the rooms in the hotel.
8. The city isn’t _______________ (polluted) as it was ten years ago.

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SECTION XI. READ THIS TEXT ABOUT THE OLD COLONEL THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
I think I have had a very interesting life. I'm 73 now and I don't work anymore. I was in the army for 51 years. I
retired when I was 69. I have been to so many countries that I can't remember all of them. I've been to Australia
six or seven times and to South Africa three times. I have also been once to Russia but I didn't like it at all: it was
much too cold for me! It’s said that love is the greatest thing and I agree. I've been married four times but never
for more than five years. I don't think women really understand me! I've never been on television, but I've been
on the radio once. It was a program about life in the military about twenty years ago. I met the Prime Minister on
the same day. Actually I've met a lot of famous people: Members of the royal family, famous politicians and also
famous cinema and television personalities. I've never met the American President though which is a pity.
Because I've travelled a lot, I've seen a lot of wonderful things and have also eaten and drank some strange
foods and drinks. I ate cat and rat in India and drank something called Mirto on a little island in Italy many years
ago.

1. What job did he have before retiring?

__________________________________________________________________

2. How long was he in the army?

__________________________________________________________________
3. How many times has he been to Australia?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Did he like Russia?
_________________________________________________________________
5. Why did he get married so many times?
_____________________________________________________
6. Has he ever been on TV?
_________________________________________________________________
7. When did he meet the prime minister?
___________________________________________________________________

8. Has he met the American president?

_________________________________________________________________
9. Where did he eat cat and rat?
_________________________________________________________________
10. Has he ever drunk Mirto?
__________________________________________________________________
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SECTION XII. WRITING: WRITE A DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE YOU’VE VISITED. YOUR DESCRITION
SHOULD BE BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS.

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION XIII. LISTENING

LISTEN TO THE AUDIO AND CIRCLE T (True) OR F (False) FOR THE FOLLOWING
SENTENCES.
1. George is Carol’s brother. T F
2. Jake doesn't believe George is really depressed. T F
3. Carol doesn't have experience of this type of issue. T F
4. Carol thinks therapy will help George. T F
5. Jake thinks George doesn't communicate very well. T F
6. George is a widower. T F
7. Carol is optimistic about George starting a new relationship. T F
8. George spends a lot of his days just watching baseball on TV. T F
9. Carol expects Jake to do something to help George. T F
10 Carol and Jake are married. T F

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 INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL
CENLEX Santo Tomás
Centro de Auto-acceso
Guía de estudio

Idioma: INGLÉS
Nivel: Intensivo Básico 3 - 4 (Final)
Unidades: Traveller Pre-Intermediate. U 1-3

ANSWER KEY
SECTION I SECTION II SECTION III
1. works 1. used to have 1. at

2. is travelling 2. bought 2. from – to

3. loves 3. swam 3. in / in

4. is not visiting 4.used to have 4. on

5. doesn´t live 5. used to go shopping 5. at

6. is staying 6. lived 6. in

7. cooks 7. used to play 7. in

8. go 8. on

9. walks 9. on

10. are having 10. on

SECTION IV SECTION V SECTION VI SECTION VII

1. many 1. was doing/met 1 been 1. just / already / yet / since /

2. any For
3. a few 2. was waiting/ 2. gone 2. already / yet / since / for
4. a lot was waiting
5. a lot of 3. was raining 3. been 3. yet / just / already
6. a little / decided
7. an 4. was drinking / 4. gone 4. already / yet
8. any shouting
9. much 5. got / was speaking / 5. been
entered
10. a

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 SECTION VIII SECTION IX SECTION X
1. don’t 1. what his name is. 1. The oldest
have to
2. can 2. where you bought this dress. 2. worse
3. mustn’t 3. when he will come to see us. 3. smaller
4. Could 4. if the shops are open on Sunday. 4. more crowed
5. Must 5. if the Smiths have gone on holiday 5. the most fashionable
6. Could 6. if he used to smoke when he was a 6. more expensive
teenager.
7. the best
8. as polluted

XI. READING

1. He worked in the army

2. For 51 years
3. Six or seven times
4. No, he didn’t / no, it was too cold.
5. Because women didn’t understand him
6. Yes, he has
7. When he was on the radio.
8. No, he hasn’t
9. In India
10. Yes, he has. In italy.

XIII. LISTENING
1. George is Carol’s brother. T
2. Jake doesn't believe George is really depressed. F
3. Carol doesn't have experience of this type of issue. F
4. Carol thinks therapy will help George. F
5. Jake thinks George doesn't communicate very well. T
6. George is a widower. F
7. Carol is optimistic about George starting a new relationship. T
8. George spends a lot of his days just watching baseball on TV. F
9. Carol expects Jake to do something to help George. T
10 Carol and Jake are married. T

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TRANSCRIPT

Carol: Jake, I want to talk to you about George.

Jake: What did he do now?
Carol: I'm worried about him. We must do something. He's been depressed for months.
Jake: Oh you know George. He's changeable like the weather. He could be laughing next week.
Carol: Jake, he's your brother and you should be worried about him. Aren't you?
Jake: Yes, I am, but you know how independent he is. We can't help him if he doesn't want it, can we?
Carol: Well, I feel guilty. He is family after all. We mustn't ignore problems in the family or they will just get bigger. I know
that from my own family.
Jake: Do you want me to encourage him to see a therapist?
Carol: No, you don't have to do that, but he should talk about things with other people that he knows.
Jake: Yes, he should. He keeps things inside too much.
Carol: Exactly. Just talking will help him so much.
Jake: He's very unhappy about all the divorce stuff.
Carol: Of course. You know, if you take George out, he might meet somebody.
Jake: You think?
Carol: Well, he can't meet anybody new in his terrible apartment, can he? Watching baseball 24 hours a day.
Jake: Basketball.
Carol: Please Jake, I hate to see George like that. Do something next week -- you must get him out of that apartment, get
him doing something new. George should try and forget his ex-wife and remember he's still a young man!
Jake: I'll do it. I hope my family helps me like this if I get depressed.
Carol: You're married to me -- you don't get depressed.

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 GRAMMAR SECTION

SECTION I.- PRESENT SIMPLE – PRESENT CONTINUOUS

We use the present simple for permanent states

Fiona lives in New York
BUT
We use the present continuous for temporary situations.
Sandra is living with her parent for a while.

We use the present simple for habits.

She always listens to jazz in the evening.
BUT
We use the present continuous for actions happening around the time of speaking.
I´m looking for some new furniture at the moment.

STATIVE VERBS

Stative verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and so do not usually have a continuous
form. These verbs are:

Verbs of the senses (appear, feel, hear, look, see, smell, sound, taste, etc.)
She feels excited.
Verbs of perception (believe, forget, know, realize, remember, understand, etc.)
I understand what you mean.
Verbs which express feelings and emotions (desire, detest, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer, want, etc)
Bob enjoys swimming.
And some other verbs(be, belong, contain, cost, fit, have, include, keep, matter, need, owe,
own, weight, wish, etc).
He belongs to a musical group.

Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses, but with a difference in meaning.

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I think she’s an honest person. I am thinking about buying a new car.

(=believe)
He has a dog. (=own, possess)
You can see the mountains from my
room. (=they are visible)
I see what you mean.
(=understand)
This cake tastes very sweet. (it is/has
the flavour of)
The food smells delicious.
(=has the aroma)
He appears to be tired.
(=seems to)
The dress fits her well.
(=it’s the right size)
PROFA. MA. EUGENIA ARÉSTEGUI,
PROFA. ALEJANDRA HERNÁNDEZ ROSAS
(=am considering)
She is having a wonderful time at the beach. (=experiencing)
She is having breakfast now.
. (=eating)
He is having a shower. (=taking)
I’m seeing an old friend this afternoon.
(=I am meeting)
She is seeing Paul these days. (having a relationship)
Paul is tasting the sauce to see if it has enough salt. (=is testing)
She is smelling the perfume.
(=is sniffing)
He is appearing in the new Broadway show. (=performing)
Jacob is fitting new shelves on the walls. (=is attaching/installing)
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SECTION II.- PAST SIMPLE

FORM: subject +past form of the verb (-ed for regular verbs)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I/You walked I/You didn’t walk
He/she/it walked He/she/it didn’t walk
We/you/they walked We/you/they didn’t walk
INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS
Did I/You walk? Yes, I/You did /not, I/You didn’t
Did He/She/it walk? Yes, He/She/it did,
Did We/you/they walk? No He/she/it didn’t
Yes We/you/they did.
No We/you/they didn’t

SPELLING (PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE OF REGULAR VERBS)

 We add –d to verbs ending in-e. I smile – I smiled
For verbs ending in consonant + y we drop the –y and add –ied I try I tried
 For verbs ending in vowel + y we add -ed I Stay I stayed
 For verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants we double the last consonant
and add –ed I skip – I skipped
 For verbs ending in –l we double the –l and add –ed I travel – I travelled
USE
We use the past simple for:
 Actions completed in the past.
Kate talked to Barry yesterday morning
 Actions which happened at a specific time in the past.
She ate her lunch at 1 o’clock
 Past habits
She always dressed in black when she was a teenager

TIME EXPRESSIONS used with the past simple: yesterday/ yesterday morning/ evening etc.., last night / week
etc.., two weeks/ a month ago, in 1988, etc...

USED TO
I used to work He used to sleep
Did you use to work? Did she use to sleep?
They didn’t use to work It didn’t use to sleep

Used to is used:
 To describe permanent past states.
I used to be overweight when I was younger.
 To describe past habits.
My father used to drive to work, but now he walks.
 To describe repetitive actions in the past.
We used to go out every day, but we don’t anymore.

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SECTION III
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
AT: at six o’clock/five thirty
at noon / at night / at midnight
at the weekend/ at the weekends
at breakfast/lunch/dinner
at the moment
at the weekend
IN: in the morning/afternoon/evening
in my free time
in spring/summer/winter/autumn
in 1995 / in the 20th century
in my free time
ON: on Friday, etc.
on Sunday morning,
on weekdays, etc.
on his birthday / on 16th September
DURING: I never go to work during the week.
FROM….TO…: Janet works from Monday to Friday.
TILL/UNTIL: We usually work till 9:00 pm.

SECTION IV.- QUANTIFIERS

SOME/ANY/NO & THEIR COMPOUNDS

Some any and no are used with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns. Some eggs, some
butter.
 We use some and its compounds (somebody, someone, something, somewhere, etc…) in the
affirmative. We need some bread.
 We also use some and its compounds (someone, something, etc…) in the interrogative form for offers
or request.
Would you like some sugar? (Offer) Can I have some sugar? (Request)
 We use any and its compounds (anyone, anything, etc…) in interrogative sentences. Has anyone seen
my jacket?
 Not any is used in negative sentences. There isn’t any milk in the fridge.
 Any and its compounds can also be used with negative words such as without, never, rarely. I have
never seen anything like this before.
 When any and its compounds are used in affirmative sentences, there is a difference in meaning. You
can eat anything you like on this diet (it doesn’t matter what)
 No and its compounds are used instead of not and any in negative sentences.
They haven’t got any lessons/ they’ve got no lessons.

EVERY- EACH
Every is used with singular countable nouns. It refers to a group of people or things and means all.
Each is used with singular countable nouns. It refers to the members of a group separately.

A FEW / FEW- A LITTLE / LITTLE

A few and few are used with plural countable nouns.
A little and little are used with uncountable nouns.
 A few means “not many but enough”
 Few means “hardly, any, almost, none” and can be used with very for emphasis.
 A little means “not much but enough”
 Little means “hardly any almost none”

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 A LOT OF/LOTS OF-MUCH-MANY
 A lot of/lots of are used with both plural countable and uncountable nouns. They are normally used in
affirmative sentences the “of” is omitted when a lot/lots are not followed by a noun.
 Much and many are used in negative or interrogative sentences. Much is used with uncountable nouns,
and many is used with plural countable nouns
 How much and how many are used in questions.
 Too much is used with uncountable nouns. It has a negative meaning and shows that there is more of
something than is wanted or needed
 Too many is used with plural countable nouns it has the same negative meaning as too much
 We use many/much/some/any/most/a few/a little/several/one/two/etc.. + of followed by
the/that/this/these/those and then a noun when talking about a specific group.

SECTION V.- PAST CONTINUOUS

FORM: subject + past form of the verb to be (was/were) + main verb + -ing
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I was talking I wasn’t talking
You were talking You weren’t talking
He was talking He wasn’t talking
She was talking She wasn’t talking
It was talking It wasn’t talking
We were talking We weren’t talking
You were talking You weren’t talking
They were talking They weren’t talking
INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS
Was I talking? Yes I was/ No, I wasn’t
Were you talking? Yes you were/No, you weren’t
Was he talking? Yes he was/ No, he wasn’t
Was she talking? Yes she was/ No, she wasn’t
Was it talking? Yes it was/ No, it wasn’t
Were we talking? Yes we were/ No, we weren’t
Were you talking? Yes you were/ No, you weren’t
Were they talking? Yes they were/ No, they weren’t

USE
We use the past continuous:
 For an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We don’t know when the action started
or finished.
At six o’clock yesterday afternoon, Paul was driving to the supermarket.
 For a past action which was in progress interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in
progress (longer action) and the past simple for the action which interrupted it (shorter action)
She was cooking a meal when the phone rang.
 For two or more actions which were happening at the same tame in the past (simultaneous actions)
I was cleaning the window while Jack was washing the dishes.
 To give back ground information in a story.
The wind was blowing and the waves were crashing against the cliff. Susan stood…..
TIME EXPRESSIONS used with the past continuous: while, when, as, all day/night/morning, all day
yesterday.

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 PAST SIMPLE – PAST CONTINUOUS
 We use the past simple for an action which happened at a stated time in the past.
Victoria left home at 8 o’clock in the morning.
BUT
 We use the past continuous for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We don’t
know when the action started or finished.
At 8 o’clock in the afternoon, he was watching television.
 We use the past simple for actions which happened one after other in the past.
First he mixed the sugar with the butter and then he added the flour.
BUT
We use the past continuous for two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the
past (simultaneous actions).
|He was sleeping while she was studying at his desk.
We use the past continuous to show that someone was interrupted in the middle of an action. We use
the past simple to talk about an action that interrupted it.
Susie was watching a film when the doorbell rang.

SECTION VI. BEEN-GONE

There are two ways to form the present perfect of the verb go: have gone and have been, but there is
a difference in meaning.
Bob and Marie have gone to Rome. (They went to Rome some time ago and they are still there.)
I have been to Rome. (I have visited Rome and come back. I am not there now.)

SECTION VII
EVER /NEVER
 We use ever in questions and statements.
Have you ever visited Prague?
Madrid is the best city I’ve ever visited.
 We use never in statements.
I’ve never visited America. (=I haven’t visited America.)
JUST
 We use just in statements to show that an action finished only a few minutes earlier.
A: Have you finished your homework?
B: Yes, I’ve just finished it.
YET/ALREADY
We use already in statements and questions.
Have you done the washing up already?
Yes, I have. I’ve already done it.
We use yet in questions and negatives.
Have you done the ironing yet?
No, I haven’t. I haven’t done the ironing yet.
FOR/SINCE
We use for to express duration.
I’ve worked here for seven years.
We use since to state a starting point.
I’ve worked here since 1992.

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SECTION VIII.- CAN / COULD / MAY
To ask for permission: Can I…? Could I….? May I…?
Can / Could / May I go with you?
Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t / may not.
To offer help and make requests. : Can I…? Could I….? May I…?
Can / Could / May I help you?
Can / Could / May I have some more coffee?
To make polite requests and ask for a favour. Could is more polite.
Can / Could you help me carry these books?

CAN / COULD / BE ABLE TO

To express ability in the present: He can speak English.
To express ability in the past: I could read when I was four.
To express ability in all tenses. Mainly used in tenses where we cannot use can.
I haven´t been able to see her since last week.
HAVE TO/ DON’T HAVE TO/NEED (TO)/ NEEDN’T/DON’T NEED TO/ MUST MUSTN’T

To express obligation in the present or future: must / have to

You must study hard for the final test.
I have to be on time to school.
To express necessity for us to do something. (We have no other choice): need to
I need to pay the rent.
When it isn’t necessary for us to do something: don’t have to / don’t need to / needn’t
I don’t have to wear a uniform in Cenlex.
You don’t need to buy so expensive clothes.
You needn’t take a taxi.
When you are not allowed to do something: mustn’t
You mustn’t smoke inside a hospital.

SECTION IX
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
We use indirect questions when we ask for information and begin with phrases like:
DIRECT QUESTION
Question word + verb + subject
Where is your school?
INDIRECT QUESTION
Phrase + question word + subject + verb
Can you tell me where your school is.?

SECTION X
COMPARATIVES-SUPERLATIVES
FORM
 One syllable adjectives add –(e)r/-(e)st to form their comparative and superlative forms.
Large – larger (than) – The largest (of/in)
 One syllable adjectives ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants, bouble the last
consonant and add –er/-est.
Big – bigger (than - the biggest (of /in)
 Two syllable adjectives ending in a consonant + -y, drop –y and add –ier/-iest.
Heavy – heavier (than) – the heaviest (of/in)
 Adjectives of two or more syllables take more/most.
Careful – more careful (than) – the most careful (of/in)
 Irregular adjectives have their own individual comparative and superlative forms.
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 USE
 We use the comparative form to compare two people things, places, etc. We usually use than with
comparative adjectives.
The city is noisier than the country.
 We use the superlative form to compare a person or thing with the whole group they belong to.
We use the…of/in with superlative adjectives.
The giraffe is the tallest animal of all.
 We use (not) as+ adjective+ as to say that two people, places or things are/are not similar.
My brother is as tall as my father.
 We use much + comparative form.
An elephant is much heavier than a mouse.

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