UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND

MANAGEMENT

WORK BOOK

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

2ND YEAR 4TH SEMESTER

NAME OF STUDENT: ………………………………

SECTION: ……………………………………………

ROLL NO.: …………………………………………..

PAPER NAME: TRANSFER OPERATIONS I

PAPER CODE: CH(BT) 402……………………………..

University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III,

B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal 700156
MODULE I
Lecture 1

 Dimensional Analysis

 Buckinham Pi-theorem

 Dimensionless group

Assignment

1. Explain laminar and turbulent flow with example

2. What do you mean by compressible and incompressible flow?
3. Differentiate between uniform and non-uniform flow
4. State and explain Buckingham pi theorem
5. Using dimensional analysis find an expression for the drag force on smooth sphere of
diameter D, moving with a uniform velocity V in a fluid of density  and dynamic
viscosity µ
Lecture 2

 Types of fluid flow

 Basic Equation of fluid flow

 Bernoulli’s equation

Assignment

1. A 25cm diameter pipe carries oil of specific gravity 0.9 at a velocity of 3m/s. At another
section the diameter is 20cm. Find the velocity at this section and also mass rate of flow
of oil.
2. Draw and explain the shear rate vs shear stress graph for Bingham, Dilatent and
Pseudoplastic fluid

3. Differentiate between Dilatent fluid and Pseudoplastic fluid

4. Draw and explain the shear stress vs time graph for Rheopectic, thixotropic and
Newtonian fluid
Lecture 3

 Hagen-Poiseville equation

Assignment

1. A gas is flowing through a horizontal pipe which is having an area of cross-section as

40cm2 where pressure is 40N/cm2 and temperature is 150C. At another section, the area of
cross section is 20cm2 and pressure is 30 N/cm2 . If the mass rate of flow of gas through
the pipe is 0.5Kg/sec, find the velocities of the gas at these sections assuming isothermal
change. (R=292 N-m/Kg 0K, atm pressure= 10N/cm2 )
Lecture 4

 Fluid friction

 Fluid flow

Assignment

1. Define Friction factor

2. A pipe of diameter 400mm carries water at a velocity of 25m/s. The pressure at the points
A and B are 29.43 N/cm2 and 22.563 N/cm2 respectively. The datum head at A and B are
28m and 30m. Find the loss in head in A & B.
3. A conical tube of length 2m is fixed vertically with its smaller end upwards. The
velocities of flow at the smaller end is 5m/s while at the lower end is 2m/s. The pressure
head at smaller end is 2.5 m of liquid. The loss of head in the tube is 0.35(𝑣1 − 𝑣2)2/2𝑔,
where v1 is the velocity at the smaller end and v2 is the lower end velocity respectively.
Determine the pressure head at the lower end. Flow takes place in downward direction.
4. A pipeline carrying oil of specific gravity 0.87, changes in diameter from 200mm at
position A to 500mm diameter at position B which is 4m at a higher level. If the pressures at A
and B are 9081 N/cm2 and 5.886 N/cm2 respectively and the discharge is 200ltr/sec. Determine
the loss of head and direction of flow.
Lecture 5

 Numericals on Fluid flow

Assignment

1. Water is flowing through a pipe of 5cm diameter under a pressure of 29.43N/cm2 and
with mean velocity of 2m/s. Find the total head or total energy per unit weight of the
water at a cross-section which is 5m above datum line.
2. A pipe through which water is flowing is having diameters 20cm and 10cm at the cross
sections 1& 2 respectively. The velocity of water at section 1 is given 4m/s. Find the
velocity head at section 1 & 2 and also the rate of discharge.
3. Water is flowing through a pipe having diameter 300mm & 200mm at the bottom and
upper end respectively. The intensity of pressure at the bottom end is 24.525 N/cm2 and
the upper end pressure is 9.81 N/cm2. Determine the difference in datum head if rate of
flow through pipe is 40ltr/sec.

Module II:

Topics
 Flow through pipes and open channels
 Venturimeter
 Transportation of fluids

Assignment Questions
1. In a fully developed flow through a pipe of 300 mm diameter, the shear stress at the wall
is 50 Pa. The Darcy’s friction factor f is 0.05. What is the rate of flow in case of i) water
flowing through the pipe (ii) oil of specific gravity 0.07 flowing through the pipe.
2. Water flows through a 300 mm×150 mm venturimeter at the rate of 0.037 m3/s and the
differential gauge is deflected 1 m. Specific gravity of the gauge liquid is 1.25. Determine
the coefficient of discharge of the meter.

Module II:

Topics

 Orificemeters
 Rotameters
 Pitot tubes
Assignment Questions
1. Water flows at the rate 0.015 m3/s through a 100 mm diameter orifice used in a 200 mm
pipe. What is the difference in pressure head between the upstream section and the vena
contracta section? (Take coefficient of contraction CC = 0.6 and Cv=1)
2. Air flows through a duct and the Pitostatic tube measuring the velocity is attached to a
differential manometer containing water. If the deflection of the manometer is 100 mm,
calculate the air velocity assuming the density of air is constant and equals to 1.22 kg/m3,
and that the coefficient of the tube is 0.98.

Module II:

Topics covered:
 Pumps
Assignment Question
1. A centrifugal pump handles a liquid whose kinematic viscosity is 3 times that of water.
The dimensionless specific speed of the pump is 0.183 rev and it has to discharge 2m3/s
of liquid against a head of 15 m. Determine the speed, test head and flow rate of a one-
quarter scale model investigation of the full size pump if the model uses water.

Module II:

Topic covered:
 Blowers and compressors

Assignment Question
1. Explain the working principle of a centrifugal compressor.
2. What are the main components of a centrifugal blower?

MODULE IIII

Lecture 1

 Heat transfer mechanism

 Heat flux
  Black body radiation and Stefan’s law

Assignment

1. Define conduction, convection and radiation

2. What is Fourier’s law
Lecture 2

 Numericals on heat transfer

Assignment
1. Define Heat flux
2. Define reflectivity, absorptivity and transmissivity
3. What is a black body and write down Stefan-Boltzman law for black body radiation.
Lecture 3

 Thermal Conductivity

 Heat transfer coefficients

 Heat Exchanger

Assignment

1. A 2m long, 0.3m diameter electrical wire extends across a room at 150C. Heat is generated
in the wire as a result of resistance heating and the surface temperature of the wire is
measured to be 1520C in steady operation. Also, the voltage drop and electric current through
the wire are measured to be 60V and 1.5A. Disregarding any heat transfer by radiation,
determine the convection heat transfer coefficient for heat transfer between the outer surface
of the wire and the air in the room.
2. Cylindrical samples of diameter 5cm and length 10cm are used. Two thermocouples in
each sample are placed 3cm apart. After initial transients, the electric heater is observed
to draw 0.4A and 10V, and both differential thermometer reads a temperature of 150C.
Determine the thermal conductivity of the sample if only half of the heat generated flows
through each sample.
3. The roof of an electrically heated home is 6m long, 8m wide and 0.25 m thick and is
made up of a flat layer of concrete whose thermal conductivity is 0.8W/m.K. The
 temperature of the inner and outer surfaces of the roof is 150C and 40C for a period of
10hours. Determine the rate of heat loss through the roof and the cost of heat lost to the
home owner if the cost of electricity is 0.08 per KWh.
Lecture 4

 Thermal resistance

 Conductance

Assignment

1. A layer of pulverized cork 6 in. (152 mm) thick is used as a layer of thermal insulation in
a flat wall. The temperature the cold side of the cork is 40F (4.4°C), and that of the warm
side is 180°F (82.2°C). The thermal conductivity of the cork at 32°F (0°C) is 0.021
Btu/ft-hF (0.036 W/m-°C), and that at 200°F (93.3°C) is 0.032 (0.055). The area of the
wall is 25 ft2 (2.32 m2). What is the rate of heat flow through the wall in Btu per hour
(watts)?

2. An exterior wall of a house may be approximated by a 0.1m layer of common brick

(K=0.7 W/m 0C) followed by a 0.04m layer of gypsum plaster (K=0.48 W/m 0C). What
thickness of loosely packed rock wool insulation (K=0.065 W/m 0C) should be added to
reduce heat loss through wall by 80%.
4. A furnace wall consists of 200mm layer of refractory bricks, 6mm layer of steel plate and
a 100mm layer of insulation bricks. The maximum temperature of the wall is 11500C on
the furnace side and the minimum temperature of 400C on the outermost side of the wall.
An accurate energy balance over the furnace shows that the heat loss from the wall is
400W/m2 . It is known that there is a thin layer of air between the layers of refractory
bricks and steel plate. Thermal conductivities for the three layers are 1.52,45 and 0.138
W/m 0C. Find
a) To how many mm of insulation brick is the air layer equivalent.
b) What is the temperature of the outer surface of the steel plate

Module IV:

Topic covered:
 Principles of comminution
 Comminuting Equipment

Assignment Question
 1. Why should the following factors be taken into account in selection of communiting
equipment and/or determination of residence time in the equipment?
a. Hardness and abrasiveness of feed
b. Internal structure of feed
c. Temperature sensitivity of feed
2. What is the effect of moisture content of feed on comminution?

Module IV:

Topics covered:
 Crushers and grinders
 Energy and power requirement

Assignment Questions
1. In what way is the length of the grinding mill important for comminution?
2. Comminution results in increase in surface area and hence surface energy. The energy
requirement of the process is however 100-1000 times the value estimated by
calculation of the increase in surface energy. Explain

Module IV:

Topics covered:

 Mechanical separation
 Screening
 Types of screen

Assignment Questions
1. How can we control the following the capacity and the effectiveness of screens?
2. Discuss the effect of mesh size on the capacity of screens.

Module IV:

Topics covered:

 Filtration
 Floatation
 Centrifugal separations

Assignment Questions
1. What are the criteria which should be fulfilled by the septum in any filter?
2. Separation of materials by floatation can be carried out regardless of their densities.
Explain.