9

19 The diagram shows the main muscles and bones of the arm.

Which lines correctly identify the biceps muscle, the humerus and a hinge joint?

biceps humerus hinge joint

A 3 6 1
B 4 2 5
C 3 2 5
D 4 6 1

21 When a person is cold, nerve impulses from the hypothalamus cause the skin to reduce the rate
of heat loss.

What is the effect of these nerve impulses on the hair erector muscles and on the arterioles near
the skin surface?

arterioles near
hair erector muscles
skin surface

A contract
ontract
B contract
ontra
C relax
elax con
D relax
elax

© UCLES 2008 5090/01/M/J/08 [Turn over

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22 Adrenaline is secreted quickly when a person is frightened.

How does this affect the heart beat and the liver?

heart beat liver converts

A decreases glycogen to glucose

B decreases glucose to glycogen
C increases glycogen to glucose
D increases glucose to glycogen

23 Which part of the nervous system is the centre for processes such as thought, memory and
judgement?

A cerebellum
B cerebrum
C medulla
D spinal cord

24 The graph shows changes in a person’s blood glucose concentration over four hours.

Y
X

blood
glucose

0 1 2 3 4
time / hours

What might cause the changes at X and Y?

X Y

A decreased insulin decreased adrenaline

B decreased insulin increased adrenaline
C increased adrenaline increased insulin
D increased insulin increased adrenaline

© UCLES 2008 5090/01/M/J/08 [Turn over

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25 The table shows the death rates from lung cancer amongst smokers and non-smokers.

deaths from lung cancer

average number of
per year per 100 000
cigarettes smoked per day
people

0 10
1-14 78
15-25 127
26 or more 251

What can be concluded from the data?

A People who get lung cancer are likely to be smokers of 26 or more cigarettes per day.
B People who do not smoke will not get lung cancer.
C People who smoke have a higher chance of getting lung cancer.
D Smoking causes lung cancer.

26 What is the role of the bacteria used in cheese and yoghurt production?

A to coagulate casein to form ‘curds’

B to convert lactose to lactic acid
C to prevent the growth of pathogens
D to produce enzymes

© UCLES 2008 5090/01/M/J/08

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27 The diagram shows a fermenter used for the production of antibiotics.

motor

W X

water out
pH and
temperature
sensors
stirring
paddles

water in

Z Y

What happens at W, X, Y and Z?

air in antibiotic out nutrients in waste gases out

A W X Y Z
B W Y Z X
C Y Z W X
D Z W X Z

© UCLES 2008 5090/01/M/J/08 [Turn over

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38 The diagram shows the inheritance of coat colour in mice.

Which mouse is heterozygous for coat colour?

A B C D

× × ×
female male female male
family Q

family P family R

39 Two fruit flies with normal wings were mated with each other.

For every three offspring with normal wings, there is one with short wings.

What are the genotypes of the parents?

female male

A Nn Nn key
B Nn NN N = allele for normal wings
C NN Nn n = allele for short wings
D Nn nn

40 What is a result of natural selection?

A cattle that produce large quantities of milk

B crop plants that are resistant to disease
C grapes that develop no seeds
D mosquitoes that are resistant to insecticides

© UCLES 2008 5090/01/M/J/08

20 Which of these correct statements describes control by negative feedback?

A An injury to body tissue activates platelets in the blood and these activated platelets release
chemicals which activate more platelets.
B During the menstrual cycle, luteinising hormone stimulates the release of oestrogen which in
turn stimulates the release of more luteinising hormone.
C The onset of contractions during childbirth causes the release of a hormone which stimulates
further contractions.
D When blood pressure is high, nerve impulses from the brain cause the blood vessels to dilate
and blood pressure is reduced.

21 The graph shows changes in blood glucose concentration when a body responds to an external
stimulus.

blood glucose
concentration

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
time after stimulus / minutes

What is the hormone responsible for the change in blood glucose concentration in the first 30
minutes?

A adrenaline
B fibrinogen
C glycogen
D insulin

© UCLES 2013 5090/11/M/J/13 [Turn over

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22 The graph shows the changes in the size of the pupil of the eye as the light intensity of the
surroundings is changed.

12

10

8
diameter of
6
pupil / mm
4

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
time / seconds

Between which times is the light intensity increasing?

A 5 to 10 seconds
B 10 to 25 seconds
C 25 to 35 seconds
D 35 to 40 seconds

23 Which information about the listed glands is correct?

gland hormone produced target organ effect

A adrenal adrenaline heart decreases

heart rate
B ovary oestrogen uterus increases
thickness of lining
C pancreas insulin liver converts glycogen
to glucose
D pituitary FSH uterus causes ovulation

© UCLES 2013 5090/11/M/J/13

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24 The diagram shows a section through the lower arm of a human.

muscles
skin

fat

bone Y
bone X

What are bones X and Y?

X Y

A humerus radius
B humerus ulna
C radius humerus
D radius ulna

25 What are the effects of the excessive consumption of alcohol?

depressant liver damage shorter reaction time

A    key
B    = effect occurs
C    = effect does not occur
D   

26 During the production of yoghurt and cheese, the pH of the mixture changes.

What causes this change in pH?

A anaerobic respiration of lactose

B coagulation of milk proteins
C production of ethanol
D release of bubbles of carbon dioxide
27 During the production of alcohol, why must air be kept out of the fermenter?

A to allow production of carbon dioxide

B to inhibit the growth of yeast
C to prevent aerobic respiration
D to prevent anaerobic respiration

© UCLES 2013 5090/11/M/J/13 [Turn over

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36 The diagram shows some stages in cell division in a fruit fly.

cell X
mitosis

cell Y

meiosis

cell Z
(sperm cell)

Cell X contains 8 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes are in cell Y and in cell Z?

cell Y cell Z

A 4 4
B 4 8
C 8 4
D 8 8

© UCLES 2013 5090/11/M/J/13 [Turn over

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37 The genotype for the height of an organism is written as Tt.

What conclusion may be drawn?

A The allele for height has at least two different genes.

B There are at least two different alleles of the gene for height.
C There are two different genes for height, each having a single allele.
D There is one allele for height with two different forms.

38 In a large family, half the children were blood group A and half were blood group B.

If the father was blood group O, what was the mother’s blood group?

A A B B C AB D O

39 How many chromosomes are there in a zygote which develops into a baby with Down’s
syndrome?

A 23 B 24 C 46 D 47

40 Which statement describes an example of artificial selection?

A It has been found that some strains of bacteria produce antibiotics.

B It is common practice to mate bulls with cows that produce the most milk.
C It is possible to control caterpillars on food crops by releasing small wasps which lay their
eggs in caterpillars and kill them.
D Mosquitoes have developed strains that are resistant to insecticides.
 10

20 What happens when the body temperature rises above normal?

arterioles near
sweat secreted
skin surface

A constricted yes
B constricted no
C dilated yes
D dilated no

21 A man stands 10 metres away from a sign and can see it clearly. He walks towards the sign and
stops 0.5 metres from it.

Which changes occur in his eyes so that the sign is still in focus?

suspensory result is light rays

ciliary muscles lens becomes
ligaments refracted

A contract slacken thicker more

B contract tighten thinner less
C relax slacken thinner less
D relax tighten thicker more

22 The diagram shows a section through the brain.

3 2

What are some functions of the parts labelled 1, 2 and 3?

1 2 3

A centre for learning forms visual images controls digestion

B controls blood pressure centre for touch sensations controls breathing rate
C controls speech controls smooth movements controls heart rate
D forms memory store controls balance determines intelligence

© UCLES 2014 5090/11/M/J/14

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23 How does adrenaline affect glucose uptake by muscle cells and carbohydrate conversion by liver
cells?

glucose uptake carbohydrate conversion

A decreases glucose to glycogen

B decreases glycogen to glucose
C increases glucose to glycogen
D increases glycogen to glucose

24 The diagrams show the bones of the forelimb in a bat and in a human.

Which structure in the forelimb of the bat can be identified as the humerus?

D
C

bat human

© UCLES 2014 5090/11/M/J/14 [Turn over

 12

25 The bar chart shows the percentage of women who had babies of low weight, amongst smokers
and non-smokers.

30%

percentage of women
having babies with
low birth weight

0
smokers non-smokers

What is shown by the bar chart?

A More women smoke during pregnancy than do not.

B Smoking in pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight.
C Smoking is bad for the health of a pregnant woman.
D Women whose babies have low birth weight are smokers.

26 Which substances are produced using bacteria?

A cheese and yoghurt

B cheese and penicillin
C penicillin and bread
D yoghurt and bread

27 Using the key, which organism is a virus?

1 has a cell wall ................................. go to 2

does not have a cell wall ................ go to 3
2 cell wall is made of chitin ................ organism A
cell wall is made of cellulose .......... organism B
3 has a cell membrane ....................... organism C
has a protein coat ........................... organism D

© UCLES 2014 5090/11/M/J/14

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38 The diagram shows the blood group phenotypes of some members of a family.

Which member of the F1 generation must be heterozygous, with the codominant alleles?

blood blood
group O group O
parents

F1 generation
A B C D

F2 generation
blood blood blood blood
group B group A group A group O

39 Which statement about chromosomes is correct?

A Chromosomes are long DNA molecules called genes which are divided into sections.
B Chromosomes include a long molecule of DNA divided into sections called genes.
C Chromosomes include genes which are divided into sections called DNA molecules.
D Genes include long DNA molecules called chromosomes.

40 Which statement is always true of dominant alleles?

A They cannot undergo mutation.

B They give a greater chance of survival than recessive alleles.
C They give the same phenotype in heterozygotes and homozygotes.
D They occur more frequently in the population than recessive alleles.
 9

21 A person looks at some hills far away.

Which row shows the state of the lenses, ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments in her eyes?

contracted suspensory
thick lenses ciliary ligaments
muscles under tension

A


key
B
 
= yes
C 
 = no
D  

22 What are characteristics of hormones?

affect carried by produced by

target organs the blood glands

A


key
B


= yes
C

= no
D 

23 The diagram shows some of the nerve pathways associated with a reflex action.

to brain from brain

pain
receptor

muscle

If the pathway at X is damaged, how does this affect the reflex?

A The person will not be aware that the reflex is occurring.

B The reflex cannot be controlled consciously.
C The response will occur without any stimulus.
D There is no response to the stimulus.

© UCLES 2017 5090/11/M/J/17 [Turn over

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37 Which statements about genes and chromosomes are correct?

A chromosome carries A gene is a section of

a molecule of DNA. DNA.

A true true
B true false
C false true
D false false

38 Which feature of bacteria shows discontinuous variation?

A the diameters of their cells

B the masses of their cytoplasm
C the numbers of their flagella
D the thicknesses of their cell walls

© UCLES 2017 5090/11/M/J/17 [Turn over