MTH401:DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

L:3 T:0 P:0 Credits:3

Course Outcomes: Through this course students should be able to

• develop the concept of difference equations and different method for their solutions.

• visualize the different types of relations and apply the Poset in daily lives that involves
order.

• examine the complex mathematical problem using Graphs and Trees.

• compute the solution of linear congruence equation and use it in cryptography.

Unit I
Difference equations with constant coefficients : difference equations, linearly
dependent and independent solutions, homogeneous linear difference equation with
constant coefficients, solution of difference equations
Unit II
Non-homogeneous difference equation and equations with variable
coefficients : method of undetermined coefficient,special operator and variation of
parameters., method of reduction of order, method of generating functions, linear
difference equations with variable coefficients, nonlinear difference equations
Unit III
Relations and counting principal : relations and their properties, equivalence
relations, partial ordering relations, lattice, sublattice, bounded lattice, Hasse
diagram, pigeonhole principle, the generalized pigeonhole principle
Unit IV
Graphs : graph terminologies and special types of graphs, representing graphs and
graph isomorphism, path and connectivity, Euler and Hamilton paths, shortest path,
planner graphs and results, colouring of a graph and chromatic number
Unit V
Trees : tree and it's properties, rooted tree, spanning and minimum spanning tree

Applications of trees : binary search tree,, decision tree, game trees

Tree traversal : infix, prefix, and postfix notation, preorder traversal, inorder
traversal, and postorder traversal
Unit VI
Number theory and its application in cryptography : divisibility and modular
arithmetic, primes and greatest common divisors, congruences, applications of
congruence, cryptography

Text Books:

1. DISCRETE MATHEMATICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS(SIE) by KENNETH H ROSEN,

MCGRAW HILL EDUCATION
References:

1. SCHAUM'S OUTLINE OF CALCULUS OF FINITE DIFFERENCES AND DIFFERENCE

EQUATIONS by MURRAY SPIEGEL, MCGRAW HILL EDUCATION

2. DISCRETE MATHEMATICS (SCHAUM'S OUTLINES) (SIE) by SEYMOUR

LIPSCHUTZ, MARC LIPSON, VARSHA H. PATIL, MCGRAW HILL EDUCATION

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