Chapter - 14

Auto Cad

14.1 Starting Autocad 2000

AutoCAD 2000 is started by clicking the AutoCAD icon on the window. The
AutoCAD starts loading. In the process of startup, a dialog box, as shown in
Fig. 14.1 appears. Select the option ‘start from scratch’. If it needs to be changed,
the desired unit, say metric unit, may be selected by clicking it and then ‘OK’ should
be clicked.

Fig. 14.1 Opening and creating AutoCAD files

Commands for Drawing
A drawing consists of line, arc, circle, curves, machine components, etc. When
we enter a command in the command line, we need to press ENTER ↵ for its
activation.
These commands are arranged in Draw dropdown menu bar or standard draw
toolbar as shown in Fig. 14.2.
 14.2 Engineering Graphics

Fig. 14.2 Draw Toolbar

Command For Drawing a Line
Straight line can be drawn by using command. From draw toolbar, select line
icon. The line command can be obtained by typing ‘line’. Command: Line; <Enter>
(i) Specify first point (x, y) by placing cursor and pressing the left button of
mouse.
(ii) Specify next point or [undo] select second point using mouse.
(iii) specify next point or [close/undo] selecting third point using mouse.
If ENTER is pressed, the line command sequence will end. Pressing ENTER a
second time will start the line command.
There are three methods to draw a line in Auto CAD, as follows:
(1) by using absolute coordinate
(2) by using relative coordinate
(3) by using polar coordinate
Using Absolute Coordinate
In AutoCAD, the front screen is considered as x, y plane.
x is horizontal distance and y is vertical distance.
30
G
H A : 10, 10
B : 70, 10
C : 70, 25
15

20 D : 25, 25
E E = 25, 50
F F = 45, 50
G = 45, 65
H = 10, 65
55

45
C
D
15

60
A B

Fig. 14.3 Absolute coordinate method

By default, the left hand button corner is considered as origin (0, 0).
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.3

Using CAD software, prepare drawing as shown is Fig. 14.3 by absolute

coordinate method.
To prepare drawing by AutoCAD software for the object shown, the following
procedure can be followed.
Steps:
(i) Select the line tool from the draw toolbar
Command: Line; ENTER
Specify first point A
(ii) Type 10, 10; ENTER
Specify next point of [undo], B
(iii) Type 70, 10; ENTER
Specify next point or [close/undo], C
(iv) Type 70, 25; ENTER
Specify next point or [close/undo], D
(v) Type 25, 25; ENTER
Specify next point or [close/undo], E
(vi) Type 25, 50; ENTER
Specify next point or [close/undo], F
(vii) Type 45, 50; ENTER
Specify next point or [close/undo], G
(viii) Type 45, 65; ENTER
Specify next point or [close/undo], H
(ix) Type 10, 65; ENTER
(x) Type C, ENTER
or specify next point or [close/undo] A
Type 10, 10 Press
Press ESC
The drawing shown in Fig. 14.3 will be complete.
By pressing ESC is the ESCAPE command the line command is undone.

Example - 1
Draw a line joining (3, 4) to (10, 11) and show the line with respect to XY
coordinates.
 14.4 Engineering Graphics

B(10, 11)
11

4
A(3, 4)

0 3 10
X

Fig. 14.4
Draw toolbar: Line or
Menu bar: Draw: LINE or
Command line: l (for line)
Command: 1
Specify line first point: 3,4
Specify next point or [undo]: 10,11
Specify next point or [undo]:
or
Type 3,4 and press ENTER
Type 10,11 and press ENTER
Press ENTER to end line command
Press ENTER to repeat line command

Example - 2
Draw a line (10, 40) to a point 25 units on right side and 30 units below
measured horizontally and vertically, respectively, from the first point.
Command:
Line Specify first point: 10, 40
Specify next point or [undo]: @ 25, – 30
Specify next point or [undo]:
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.5

A (10, 40)
Y

30

25
B (25, -30)
@ (25, -30)

Fig. 14.5

Example - 3
Draw a line from point (10, 12) and length 40 units and inclined at 60° to the
X axis.

B @ 25 < 30

Y
30

60°

A
(10, 12)

Fig. 14.6
Command:
Line Specify first point: 10, 12
Specify next point or [undo]: 40 < 60
Specify next point or [undo]:
 14.6 Engineering Graphics

Using Relative Coordinate

In this method, the line is drawn with reference to previous point. Before
typing relative coordinate value, the symbol @ is required to be given. The same
figure as shown in Fig. 14.6 can also be drawn by this method.
Steps:
(i) Select the line tool from the draw toolbar
Command: line; ENTER
Specify first point, A
(ii) Type 10, 10; ENTER
Specify next point, B or [undo]
(iii) Type @ 60, 10
Specify next point, C or [close/undo]
(iv) Type @ 0, 15
Specify next point, D or [close/undo]
(v) Type @ – 45, 0
Specify next point, E or [close/undo]
(vi) Type @ 0, 25
Specify next point, F or [close/undo]
(vii) Type @ 20, 0
Specify next point, G or [close/undo]
(viii) Type @ 0, 15
Specify next point, H or [close/undo]
(ix) Type @ – 35, 0
Specify next point, A or [close/undo]
Type @ 0, – 55
Press ESC, so that line command is undone.

Using Polar Coordinate Method

In this method, points are located by mentioning the distance of the point
from the current position and the angle made with this line; In AutoCAD, the angles
measured as given in Fig. 14.7
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.7

45°

300°

Fig. 14.7 Angle measurement

Steps
Considering the same figure as shown in Fig. 14.7, we have as follows:
Point
A : 10, 10
B : @ 60 < 0°
C : @ 15 < 90°
D : @ 45 < 180°
E : @ 25 < 90
F : @ 20 < 0
G : @ 15 < 90°
H : @ 35 < 180°
A : @ 55 < 270°
(i) Select the line tool from the draw toolbar command; line; ENTER
Specify first point, A
(ii) Type 10, 10; ENTER
Specify next point B or [undo]
(iii) Type @ 60 < 0
Specify next point C or [close/undo]
(iv) Type @ 15 < 90°
Specify next point, D or [close/undo]
(v) Type @ 45 < 180°
Specify next point, E or [close/undo]
(vi) Type @ 25 < 90°
Specify next point, F or [close/undo]
 14.8 Engineering Graphics

(vii) Type @ 20 < 0

Specify next point, G or [close/undo]
(viii) Type @ 15 < 90
Specify next point, H or [close/undo]
(ix) Type @ 35 < 180°
Specify next point, A or [close/undo]
(x) Type @ 55 < 270°
Press ESC to undo the line command in the drawing shown in Fig. 14.8
@ 35 < 180°
H
G @ 15 < 90°

@ 25 < 90°
E F @ 25 < 0°

@ 45 < 180° @ 15 < 90°

D C z

@ 55 < 270° @ 60 < 0°

A B
10, 10
Fig. 14.8 Polar coordinates
Line command can be used to draw a line joining two points.
The points may be in Cartesian or in polar coordinates in absolute or relative
mode.
Few lines have been presented taking an example.
1. Cartesian Coordinates

B A
(10, 15)
Y
(-10, 35)
Y

A
(-5, 4)
0
0
X X
B @30, -10

Fig. 14.9(a) Cartesian (absolute) Fig. 14.9(b) Cartesian (relative)

 Computer Aided Drafting 14.9

2. Polar Coordinates

A
A (-10, 25)
(-10, 40)
Y Y
30 < 30 50
30 B
30° Clockwise Anticlockwise
0 45°
X 0
X
B @ 50 < -45

Fig. 14.10(a) Polar (absolute) Fig. 14.10(b) Polar (relative)

Example - 2
Draw a rectangle of length 40 mm, width 20 mm, and corner at (10, 10).
D C
20

A
40 B
(10, 10)

Fig. 14.11
(i) Absolute Method.
Command: LINE
Specify first point:10, 10; press ENTER
Specify second point or [undo]: 50, 10; press ENTER
Specify third point or [undo]: 50, 30; press ENTER
Specify 4th point or [close/undo]: 10, 30; press ENTER
Specify next point or [close/undo]; press ENTER to finish the
drawing.
 14.10 Engineering Graphics

(ii) Relative Method.

Command: LINE
Specify the first point: 10, 10
Specify the second point: @ 40, 0
Specify the third point: @ 0, 20
Specify the fourth point: @ – 40, 0
Specify the fifth point: @ 0, – 20
Specify next point or [close/undo]; press ENTER to finish the
drawing.
(iii) Polar Coordinate Method.
Command: LINE
Specify first point: 10, 10
Specify the second point: @ 40 < 0
Specify the third point: @ 20 < 90
Specify the fourth point: @ 40 < 180
Specify the fifth point: @ 20 < 270
Specify next point or [close/undo]; press ENTER to finish the
drawing.

180°

Fig. 14.12
Example - 3
By the use of software, complete the drawing as shown in Fig. 14.13
Solving by absolute coordinate.
Specify first point A: 10, 10 Press Enter
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.11

Specify next point B: 60, 10 Press Enter

Specify next point C: 60, 40 Press Enter
Specify next point D: 50, 40 Press Enter
Specify next point E: 50, 25 Press Enter
Specify next point F: 35, 25 Press Enter
Specify next point G: 35, 65 Press Enter
Specify next point H: 10, 65 Press Enter
Specify next point or [close/undo]; press ENTER to finish the drawing.

25
H G

10
C
40

D
55

15

E
F 15

A 50 B
(10, 10)

Fig. 14.13
Example - 4
Using CAD software, construct a drawing as shown in Fig.14.14
Solution:
Command: LINE, press ENTER
Specify first point: 10, 10 ENTER
Specify next point or [undo]: 40, 10; ENTER
Specify next point, C or [close/undo]; 40, 25 ENTER
Specify next point, D or [close/undo]; 60, 25 ENTER
Specify next point, E or [close/undo]; 60, 25 ENTER
Specify next point, F or [close/undo]; 40, 65 ENTER
Specify next point, G or [close/undo]; 40, 90 ENTER
Specify next point, H or [close/undo]; 10, 90 ENTER
 14.12 Engineering Graphics

Specify next point, I or [close/undo]; 10, 65 ENTER

Command: ARC; ENTER
Specify start point or arc or [center]: Select point I; ENTER
Specify start point or arc or [center/end]: Select point K; ENTER
Specify end point of arc or: Select point J; ENTER
Command: LINE; ENTER specify radius of arc: R15
Specify first point J: ENTER
Specify next point or [undo]: 10, 10, or C; ENTER

30
Fig.14.14

30
Example - 5
Using software or graphics, complete the drawing as shown in Fig. 14.15.
Solution:
Command: LINE; ENTER
30

Specify first point: 10, 10; ENTER

Specify next point or [undo]: @ 30 < 0
Specify next point, C or [close/undo]: @ 25 < 120; ENTER (10, 10
Specify next point, D or [close/undo]: @ 55 < 0; ENTER
Specify next point, E or [close/undo]: @ 55 < 90; ENTER
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.13

Specify next point, F or [close/undo]: @ 50 < 180; ENTER

Specify next point, G or [close/undo]: @ 60 < 270 or @ 60 < – 90 or C):ENTER
50
F E

40
30
60

C
D
25

60°

A 30 B
(10, 10)
Fig. 14.15
Example - 6 30
45
Draw E
13 the isometric view of an object shown in Fig. 14.16.
14
30

15
7
12 C
D
45

11 30
8
7
3
4
15

6 2
B 5

1
60
9 45
10

A (10, 10)

Fig. 14.16
 14.14 Engineering Graphics

Solution:
Command: LINE; press ENTER
Specify first point: 10, 10: ENTER
Draw a line, taking A on initial point: ENTER
Draw the following lines:
@ 45 < 30, @ 15 < 90, @ 30 < 150
@ 45 < 210, @ 30 < 330, @ 45 < 30
Again draw vertical line form B and C.
@ 30 < 90: @ 45 < 30
Again draw line from A, @ 15 < 90
From point A, draw a line @ 60 < 150, @ 45 < 90
Again from point D, draw line @ 45 < 30; @ 30 < 150; @ 45 <210; @ 30 < 330
Mark the dimensions using DIMALINGED Command
Example - 7
A line PQ has its end P 20 mm above HP and 10 mm in front of VP. The line
is parallel to VP and inclined to HP. The end Q is 45 mm above HP.
The distance between the projectors is 50 mm. Line in first quadrant.

q’

TL


45

p’

50
20

X Y
10

p q

(= 30°)
TL = 55 mm

Fig. 14. 17
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.15

Solution:
Draw XY line using LINE command and mark XY using TEXT command.
Choose the nearest point on XY and draw a line @ 20 < 90 and @ 10 < 270.
Those two points represent front view and top view as p’ and p of the end P.
Choose another nearest point OX at 50 mm away from end P projector.
And on this projector of end Q, draw a line @ 45 < 90 and 10 < 270.
Select the point q and draw a vertical LINE.
q’ and q represent the front view and top view of end Q.
Joint p’q’ to represent front view and pq is the top view of the line.
Use DIMANG to mark and measure the inclination of line with HP.
Use DIMLIN to mark other dimensions.

14.2 POLY COMMAND

A polyline is a combination of lines made from a series of individual lines.
This acts as a single element.
To draw a polyline, steps are as follows:
(i) Select a polyline tool from the draw toolbar.
Command: Pline; ENTER
Specify start point, A
(ii) Select a start point
Specify next point, B
(iii) Select second point
Specify next point, C
(iv) Select third point
Specify next point, D
(v) Select fourth point
Specify next point, E
(vi) Select fifth point
(vii) Press the right button of mouse; then Enter
 14.16 Engineering Graphics

C
E

Fig. 14.18. Use of polyline command

14.3 CIRCLE COMMAND
A circle can be drawn by CIRCLE command.
A circle can be drawn based on the following:
(i) Centre point and radius or diameter given.
(ii) Three points given on circumference
(iii) Two point method
(iv) Tangents, Tangent and Radius method

Fig. 14.19 Various options to draw circle.

(i) Using centre and radius
Select circle tool from draw toolbar
Command: circle; ENTER
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.17

Specify a centre point for circle on [3P / 2P / Tcr (tangent radius)]

(a) Select a centre point
Specify radius of circle or diameter
(b) Give value, then ENTER
The circle will be as shown in Fig. 15.20
R = 16

Fig. 14.20
Here, C = centre point value
(ii) Two point method
Draw a circle using 2P (two points); select a circle tool from the draw
toolbar
Command: Circle; ENTER
Specify a centre point for circle
Type 2P
Specify first point of a circle, click first point A or type coordinate of A
Specify second point on circle, click second point B or type coordinate of B
A

B
Fig. 14.21 Two point circle
(iii)Three point method
Draw circle using 3P (x1,y1) (x2 y2) (x3 y3)
(a) Command
Type circle or select proper icon
14.18 Engineering Graphics

(b) Specify centre point for circle

Type 3P
(c) Specify first point on circle
Click first point A or type coordinates of a point A
(d) Specify second point of circle
Click second point B or type coordinate of point B
(e) Specify third point on circle
Click first point C, or type coordinates of point C
C (x3y3)

B (x2y2)

A (x1y1)

Fig. 14.22 Three points circle

Example - 9
Draw a circle with centre (75, 50) and radius = 12 units.

R12

O+
(75, 50)

Fig. 14.23 (a)

Command: C
Specify centre point for circle: 75, 50
Specify radius of circle: 12
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.19

Example - 10
Draw a circle that passes through three points (30, 30) (40, 70) (70, 50).

(40, 70)
Y

(70, 50)
O+

(30, 30)

Fig. 14.24 (b)

Command: C
Specify centre point for circle or [3P / 2P / Tr] (tan tan rad): 3p
Specify first point on circle: (30, 30)
Specify second point on circle: (40, 70)
Specify third point on circle: (70, 50)
Example - 11
Draw a circle with a diameter (20, 40) to (60, 70)
Command: C
Specify centre point for circle or [3P / 2P / Tr] (tan tan rad): 2p
Specify first point of circle diameter: 60, 70
Specify second point of circle diameter: 20, 40

Y
(60, 70)

(20, 40)

Fig. 14.25 (c)

 14.20 Engineering Graphics

14.4 ARC COMMAND

There are many options available for drawing an arc as shown in Fig.
14.26

Fig. 14.26 Options to draw an arc

Draw an arc (circular) passing through three points already given
(i) Select the arc tool from the toolbar command: Arc Arc; specify start
point of arc or (centre), either click point ‘P’ or type coordinates for
point ‘P’
(ii) Specify second point of arc or [centre/End]; either click point Q or type
coordinates of point ‘Q’
(iii) Specify end point or arc; either click point ‘R’ or type coordinates of
point ‘R’
Q

P P
Fig. 14.27 Three point arc
An arc is a portion of a circle. There are many ways to draw an arc in
ARC command. Arcs are drawn in anticlockwise direction.
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.21

Example - 11
Draw an arc (semi-circle) with three points given as shown in Fig. 14.28

Command: a
Type a and press ENTER.
Specify start point B of arc: 90, 20
Type 90, 20 and press ENTER.
Specify second point of arc B: 20, 20
Type 20, 20 and press ENTER.
C (55, 55)

+
A(20, 20) 0 B(90, 20)
Fig. 14.28

14.5 ELLIPSE COMMAND

Ellipse command is used to draw ellipse.
Ellipse can be drawn by any of the options as shown in Fig. 14.29 depending
on the type of the ellipse required for the drawing.
(1) Draw an ellipse when both end points of one axis along with the distance
of the other axis end points are given.
14.22 Engineering Graphics

Fig. 14.29 Options to draw an ellipse

(i) Select the ellipse tool from the draw toolbar command: ellipse:
ellipse
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [arc/centre]
(ii) Select a start point for one of the axes
Specify other end point of axis
(iii) Select an end point which represents the length of axis
Specify distance of other axis
(iv) Select a point which represents half the length of the other axis
Point P and Q represent manor axis
Point R and S represent manor axis
R

P Q

S
Fig. 14.30 Ellipse through axis
(2) Draw an ellipse when both end points of one axis along with distance of
other axis end point from the first is known.
(i) Select the ellipse tool from the draw toolbar
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.23

Command: ellipse
Specify axis end point of ellipse or [arc/centre]
Type coordinates for end point P or click at P
Specify other end point of axis
Type coordinates for end point Q or click at Q
Specify distance to the other axis end point (say X)
R

X
P Q

Fig. 14.31 Ellipse

Example - 12
Draw an ellipse whose one end of major axis is (20, 30) and the other end is
(80, 30). Minor axis ends at (50, 20).
A

D 60° C
(20, 30)
O 60° A’ (80, 30)

(50, 20)

B
Fig. 14.32
Command: el
Ellipse
Specify axis end point of ellipse: 20, 30
Specify other end point of axis: 80, 30
Specify the distance of minor axis from centre: 50, 20
Example - 13
Draw an ellipse whose centre is at (60, 30). Major axis = 80 mm and minor
 14.24 Engineering Graphics

1
axis = 20 mm (minor axis = manor axis × cos 60°
2
M A

60°
C D @ 40 < 0
O A’
60°

N B

Fig. 14.33
OA = OD
1
OA’ = OP = OA cos 60° = OD cos 60° = 40 × = 20
2
1 1 1 1
Minor axis = × major axis × cos 60° = × 80 × = 20 mm
2 2 2 2

C (55, 55)

+
A (20, 20) O B (90, 20)

Fig. 14.34
Command: el
Specify centre of ellipse: (60, 30)
Specify end point of manor axis: @ 40 < 0
Specify length of major axis: 80
Specify rotation around major axis: 60
14.6 POLYGON COMMAND
Polygon command is used to draw polygon. Polygon is an area bounded by
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.25

equal, straight line (regular polygon).

Let us draw a regular polygon with six sides.
The size of the polygon is identified by giving any one of the following:
(i) Polygon inscribed in circle
(ii) Polygon circumscribed about circle
(iii) Length of one edge of polygon
To draw a polygon, the following commands are given:
(i) Command: Polygon or from the toolbar select icon and press ENTER
(ii) Polygon, enter number of sides
Type number of sides of polygon to be drawn (say 6)
(iii) Specify centre of polygon or (edge)
Either specify the centre position by clicking or by typing coordinate of the
point ‘O’ in Fig. 14.36
(iv) Enter an option (inscribed in a circle/circumscribed about circle)
Type I or C as per desire
(v) Specify radius of circle
Type radius value (say X) then
Note: If edge length of the polygon is to ;be specified
Type E and then act as above.

X
+
O

Fig. 14.35 Polygon specifying centre O and radius X

The POLYGON command is used to draw a regular polygon for a given
length of edge.

Example - 14
Draw a hexagonal polygon of end point of edge is (40, 20) and end point of
edge is 25 mm.
Command: Polygon
 14.26 Engineering Graphics

Enter number of sides: 6

Specify centre of polygon or [edge]: 6
Specify first end point of edge: 40, 20
Specify second end point of edge: @ 20 < 0
E D

F + C

A 25 B
(40, 20)
Fig.14.36
14.7 Modify Commands
There are many commands that are used to have specific tasks like
transformation, edit, erases, trim, etc. These commands are arranged in modify
command as shown in Fig. 14.37

Fig. 14.37 Modify toolbar

The following is a list of editing/modifying commands:
(1) ERASE Command
It is used to delete unwanted object(s) from the main drawing.
Select the erase tool from modify toolbar command: erase ²!
Select object to be erased
(2) CHANGE Command
This command is used to alter several elements of an object. These
elements may be line, scale, thickness, etc:
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.27

(3) TRIM Command

The trim command is used to cut down or trim the object to a cutting
edge. First, select the cutting edge and then select a part of the object to
be trimmed. Type command Trim or select proper icon.
Select cutting edge if RS is to be removed. Click on ‘DC’ and AB. Click
on RS.
In Fig. 14.38 (a), RS us to be trimmed. See Fig. 14.38 (b) after trimming.
D P R C

A Q S B
14.38 (a) Before trimming Fig. 14.38 (b) After trimming
(4) Chprop Command
This command is similar to change command.
The nature of line can be changed by this command. For example: Thin
S A can be changed to thick line. Continuous line can be changed to
D P C line
dotted line.
(5) EXTEND Command
C D
The extend command is used to extend an object up to a desired boundary.
Select the extend tool from modify toolbar
A Q B B
(i) Command: extend ENTER
Select boundary edge
Select object
(ii) Select a line as a boundary edge
Select object to extend
(iii) Select a line to be extended
A

C D

B
 14.28 Engineering Graphics

Fig. 14.39 (a) Fig. 14.39 (b)

AB is the boundary line and CD is to be extended as shown in Fig. 14.40
(b) that shows line CD after extension.

Point B
Displacement
Point

Fig. 14.40
(6) Copy Command
The copy command is used to copy an existing object. This command
can also be used to copy a group of objects.
To copy an object:
(i) Select a copy tool from modify toolbar
Command: Copy
(ii) Select the object ‘A’ to be copied, press ENTER
(iii) Specify base point, specify second point of displacement
(iv) Select a second displacement point as shown in B
(7) MIRROR Command
This command is used to from mirror image of an object.
If object is symmetrical about an axis, then only half of the portion of
the object is to be drawn and next half can be drawn by a mirror
command.

(a) (b)
Fig. 14.41 Mirror command
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.29

As shown in Fig. 14.41 (a), the object is to be taken for mirror image.
The object is symmetrical about vertical axis. After using the command,
the object looks like as shown in Fig. Fig. 14.41 (b)
Method to use the command
(i) Selecting mirror tool from modify toolbar
Command: mirror
Select object
(ii) Window the object
Select object
(iii) Press
Specify first point of mirror line
(iv) Select a point on mirror line
Specify second point of mirror line
(v) Press ENTER
(8) CHAMFER Command
This command is to join two non-parallel lines with a short inclined
line as shown in Fig. 14.42 (a) & (b).
Short
A B included
line called
chamfer

C
Fig. 14.42 (a) Fig. 14.42 (b).
AB and BC, both lines are perpendicular to each other; they are non-
parallel.
(9) FILLET Command
This command is very useful to join two non-parallel lines with an arc of
a certain small radius.
This command is similar to Chamfer Command.
A B

Radius

C
14.30 Engineering Graphics

Fig. 14.43
AB and BC, both are non-parallel lines. They have been connected at
the corner by a small circular arc of small radius.
(10) MOVE Command
This command is used to move an object from one place to another. The
shape of the object will not change at the other position after shifting.
Size of the object remains the same.

Fig. 14.44
(11)ARRAY Command
Array command is used to form multiple copies of an object. The object
may be a line, rectangle, polygon, etc. A large number of polygons or any
other object can be arranged in a number of rows and columns.

Fig. 14.45 Use if Array command for circular object

To array a circle: rectangular option
(i) Select the array tool from modify toolbar
Command: array; ENTER
Select object
(ii) Press
Type of array [rectangular/polar] <R>:
(iii) Press
Enter two number of rows (2) <1>:
(iv) Type any value
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.31
Enter number of column ( ) <1>
(v) Type any value
Enter the distance between rows [ ]
(vi) Type any value
Specify distance between column ( )
(vii) Type any value
See Fig. 14.46
(12) OFFSET Command
This command is to construct a new element that is parallel to an
existing element.
(i) Select offset tool from the modify toolbar.
Command: offset, Enter, specify offset distance
(ii) Set the value, ENTER
Select object to offset
(iii) Select the portion of circumference
Specify point on the side to offset
(iv) Select a point to the right side of the circumference
Specify object to offset
This process may be repeated by double clicking the right side
button of mouse.

Desired
side of
object

Selected
object
Fig. 14.46 Offset command
(13)ROTATE Command
This command is used to rotate the object about a base point through a
give angle.
14.32 Engineering Graphics
D
D C
C

A 60°

A B B
Fig. 14.47 Rotate command
(14)UNDO Command
The command is used to undo the ‘operation’ that is executed
previously.
“Undo” means nullify. Sometimes, after doing something in a drawing,
we decide to ‘go back’, not just to erase the last part, but the undo
command will undo the whole sequence.
Command: UNDO
(15) REDO Command
According to the plan, if we undid more than required.
If, immediately, REDO command is given, it will undo the UNDO. That
means REDO command will bring back the object that were removed
previously using UNDO command.
Command: REDO
(16) ORTHO Command
The ortho command is very useful and it is used to draw lines either
horizontally or vertically.
Command: ORTHO
Example - 15
Draw a machine component as shown in Fig. 14.48 using AutoCAD.
To draw machine component
H G
15

E F
40

10

D 30 C
15

A 60 B
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.33
Fig. 14.48 Machine component (all dimensions in mm)
Command: Line
(i) Select the line tool from the draw toolbar
Command: Line: ENTER
Specify first point A
(ii) Type 10, 10; ENTER
Specify next point B
(iii) Type @ 60<0
Specify next point C
(iv) Type @ 15<90
Specify next point D
(v) Type @ 30<180
Specify next point E
(vi) Type @ 10<90
Specify next point F
(vii) Type @ 30<0
Specify next point G
(viii) Type @ 15<90
Specify next point H
(ix) Type @ 60<180
Specify initial point
(x) Type @ 40<270, Press ENTER
Point A: 10, 10
B: @ 60 < 0
C: @ 15 < 90
D: @ 30 < 180
E: @ 10 < 90
F: @ 30 < 0
G: @ 15 < 90
H: @ 60 < 180
A: @ 40 < 270
Example - 16
Prepare the drawing as shown in Fig. 14.49 using AutoCAD.
 14.34 Engineering Graphics
30
D C

40 O

60 B
A

Fig. 14.49
The problem can be solved in many ways. One method is explained as follows.
The procedure in steps are given:
(i) Prepare the drawing of rectangle ABCD
(ii) Centre point ‘O’ is located by drawing two vertical lines passing
through it.
(iii) Draw circle
(iv) Charging line form continuous line to chain line
(A) (i) Command: Type line
Specify first point, A
(ii) Type 10, 10; ENTER
Specify next point or [undo]
(iii) Type @ 60 < 0 (AB will be completed)
Specify next point or [undo]
(iv) Type @ 40 < 50 (BC will be completed)
Specify next point or [close/undo]
(v) Type @ 60 < 180 (CD will be completed)
Specify next point or [close/undo]
(v) Type @ 40 < 270 (or C ) DA will be drawn
(B) Command: offset
Specify offset distance
Type 30
Select object to offset or <exit>
Select line BC by clicking
Specify point on the side to offset, click on the left side of BC. Select
object to offset or <exit>
Type
(C) Command: offset
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.35
Specify offset distance or [Through]
Type 20
Select object of offset or <exit>
Select CD by clicking
Specify point on the side to offset
Click below line CD
Select below line CD
Select object to offset or <exit>
(D) Command: Chprop
Select object
Click on line PQ
Select object
Click on line RS
Select object
Click on line R3
Select object: 1 found, 2 total
(E) Command: Circle
Specify centre point for circle
Select centre by clicking at the intersection of centre line
Specify radius of circle
Type 15
ESC
Figure 14.49 will be obtained.
Example - 17
Using AutoCAD, draw the machine element as shown in Fig. 14.50.
 14.36 Engineering Graphics
25
R
50

m O n Q
P

60
H D
C

14
A B

Fig. 14.50 Machine element (all dimensions in mm)

Solution
The following are the sequence of making drawing through AutoCAD software.
Sequence will be as follows
(1) ‘O’ is the centre line passing through centre
(2) Small circle
(3) Large circle
(4) Line CH, HD, AC, BD, AM, MB
(5) SH
Sequence of various commands are given.
(A) Type ‘Line’
Specify point ‘0’ (50, 75) by clipping at 0
Specify next point @ 40 < 0 to get OQ (more than the diameter of big circle)
(B) Type ‘Line’
Click at 0
Specify next point @ 40 < 90 to get OR about 10 mm further of outer circle.
(C) Type ‘Line’
Click at 0
Specify next point @ 40 < 180 to get horizontal line OP
(D) Type ‘Line’
Click at 0
Specify next point @ 67 < 270 to get OM
Press to exit
(E) Type Chprop
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.37

Exercises
Exercise - 1

SPIRAL & INVOLUTES USING BSPLINE OR CUBIC SPLINE

Aim
To draw of curves like parabola, spiral, involutes using Bspline or cubic spline.
A. Drawing of sprial curve using Bspline or cubic spline
Procedure
Command : PLINE
Specify start point : click
Current line-width is 0.0000
Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @10,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,10
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @-20,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,-20
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @30,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,30
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @-40,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,-40
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @50,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,50
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
 14.38 Engineering Graphics

Length/Undo/Width] : @-60,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,-60
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @70,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,70
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @-80,0
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,-80
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : @0,90
Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/
Length/Undo/Width] : Enter

Spline

BSP Line

10
20

How to set Bpline or cubic spline

The SPLINETYPE system variable the type of spline curve approximated.
Setting SPLINETYPE to 5 approximates a quadratic B-spline
Setting SPLINETYPE to 6 approximates a cubic B-spline
B. To draw the cubic B-spline
Procedure
Command : splinetype
Enter new value for SPLINETYPE <5> : 6
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.39

Command : pedit
Select polyline or [multiple] : select object A (poly line object)
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : spline
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : Enter
C. To draw the quadratic B-spline
Procedure
Command : splinetype
Enter new value for SPLINETYPE <6> : 5
Command : pedit
Select polyline or [multiple] : select object A (poly line
object)
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : spline
Enter the option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex
/Fit/spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo] : Enter

D. To draw the parabola using spline

Procedure
Command : spline
Specify first point or [object] : pick point P1
Specify next point : pick point P2
Specify first point or [Close/Fit tolerance]
<start tangent> : pick point P3
Specify first point or [Close/Fit tolerance]
<start tangent> : Enter
Specify start tangent : Enter
Specify end tangent : Enter

Result
Thus the curves like parabola, spiral, involutes using Bspline or cubic spline
is drawn using by AutoCAD
14.40 Engineering Graphics

3.5 m 3.5 m

Room 1 Room 2 3.5 m

D1 D1

Verandah 2.5 m

W1
D2
Kitchen 2.0 m
W2

Thickness of Exterior wall = 0.3 m - 0.35 m

Thickness of Interior wall = .0.23 m
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.41

Exercise - 2

PLAN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Aim
To draw the Plan of Residential Building by using AutoCAD commands.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw Plan of Residential Building by using draw commands and edit
commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result
Thus the Plan of Residential Building is drawn by using AutoCAD Commands.
14.42 Engineering Graphics
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.43

Exercise - 3

SIMPLE STEEL TRUSS

Aim
To draw the Simple Steel Truss by using AutoCAD commands.

Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw Simple Steel Truss by using draw commands and edit commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.

Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits, zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimaligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result:
Thus the Simple Steel Truss is drawn by using AutoCAD Commands.
14.44 Engineering Graphics

R22 12

0
2
22
9
18

44 12

2 Holes 10 12
44
22

25 44
100
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.45

Exercise - 4

ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF SIMPLE OBJECTS

Aim
To draw the Isometric projection of simple objects by using AutoCAD commands.

Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw the Isometric projection of simple objects using draw commands
and modify commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, l tscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text, Bhatch
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result:
Thus the isometric projection of simple solid is drawn by using AutoCAD
Commands
 14.46 Engineering Graphics

Exercise - 5

CREATION OF 3D MODEL
Aim
To draw the 3 d model of an object

Procedure
Command : v point
Specify a view point or [rotate] : 1, -1, 1
Command : shade mode
Enter an option [2d wire frame /3d wire frame]
Command : Line
Specify first point : click any point in pe area
Specify next point or [undo] : 72
Specify next point or [undo ] : 192
Specify next point or [ close undo] : 24
Specify next point or [close undo] : 132
Specify next point or [close 0undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : @-18,0,-22
Specify next point or [close undo] : 6
Specify next point or [close undo] : 12
Specify next point or [close undo] : 6
Specify next point or [close undo] : @-18,0,22
Specify next point or [close undo] : 6
Specify next point or [close undo] : c
Command : region
Select object : all
Region selected
Command : extrude
Select object to extrude : Select object
Specify height of extrusion or
[ direction/ path/taper angle ] : 96
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.47

Command : line
Specify first point : pick the point ‘ A’
Specify next point or [undo ] : 24
Specify next point or [close undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : 48
Specify next point or [close undo] : c

Command : circle
Specify the cetre of circlr or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick one centre point
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : 24
Command : circle
Specify the cetre of circlr or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick 2 centre point
Specify radius of circle or [diameter]:24
Command : Trim
Select object or < select all > : Select the object
Select object to trim
Command : region
Select object : above the entire line
14.48 Engineering Graphics

1 region created
Command : extrude
Select object to extrude : pick by the region
Specify height of extrusion or
[direction / path /taper height ] <8.00> : 8
Command : circle
Specify the centre point for circle or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick the point ‘ c1 ’
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : 12
Command : circle
Specify the centre point for circle or
[ 3p /2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick the point ‘ c2 ’
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : 12
Command : line
Specify first point : pick the circle one
quadrant point
Specify next point or [undo ] : pick the circle 2 quadrant
point
Command : line
Specify first point : pick the circle one
another side
quadrant point
Specify next point or [undo ] : pick the circle 2 another
side quadrant point
Command : trim
Select object or/ select all : created line or circle
Command : region
Select object or/ select all ] : above the entire last
created object 1 region
created
Command : extrude
Select height of extrusion or
[direction /path /taper angle] <8.00> : -32
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.49

Command : subtract
Select object : select the source object
Select object : select the object
The object get subtracted

Result:
Thus the 3 d model of an object is created and verified.
14.50 Engineering Graphics

R2
5
40

20 8

40
10
10 20
14
90 13

48

R25 20
40

10

90
48
8
14 13
13

20
10
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.51

Exercise - 6

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION OF GIVEN 3D OBJECT

Aim
To draw the orthographic projection of given 3D object by using AutoCAD software.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw the Isometric projection of simple objects using draw commands
and modify commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text, Bhatch
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result
Thus the orthographic projection of given 3D object is created and verified
14.52 Engineering Graphics
c 1l

b1l
(d 1l )

500
l l
a (e ) l
b (d ) l
c l
a1l
X Y
(e 1l )
d d1

e e1

c1
30

a1
a

b b1

b1l (c1l ) b2
l
c2
l

q o
45
a2l d2
l
b (c )
l l
a (d )
l l

X Y
a1l (d1l ) o
30
d c d1 c1 d2

a2
30

c2
a1 Answer
a 40 b 20 b1
b2 q = 60o
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.53

Exercise - 7

PROJECTION OF PLANES WITH INCLINATION TO REFERENCE

PLANE

Aim
To draw the plane with inclination of one reference plane using by AutoCAD.
Procedure
Command : limits
Lower left covers : 0, 0
Upper right covers : 300, 250
Command : zoom
[All/center/dynamic/extent
/left/previous/window/scale] <x> : All
Command : polygon
Enter number of sides <4> : 5
Specify center of polygon or [Edge] : e
Specify first endpoint of edge : pick any points
Specify first endpoint of edge : 25
Command : line
Specify first point : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo] : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo] : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo/close] : select the point to extend ref.palne
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c

Result
Thus the plane with inclination of one reference plane is drawn using by
AutoCAD.0
14.54 Engineering Graphics

a1l (f 1l )

a (f ) b (e )
l l
c (d )
l l l l

b1l (e 1l )

p1l (u 1l ) c1l (d 1l )
60

(t 1l )
q1
l

40º (s1l )
X Y
p (u ) q (t ) r (s ) r1l
l l l l l l

e t1 s1
t
f d
u s u1 s1 f1 d1
30

p r p1 r1 a1 c1
a c
q
b q1 b1
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.55

Exercise - 8

SOLIDS WITH INCLINATION TO ONE REFERENCE PLANE

Aim
To draw the projection of solids with inclination of one reference plan using by
AutoCAD
Software used
AUTOCAD 2004
Procedure
Command : limits
Lower left covers : 0, 0
Upper right covers : 300,250
Command : zoom
[All/center/dynamic/extent
/left/previous/window/scale] <x> : All
Drawing of cone
3D VIEW
Command : vpoint
Specify a view point or[rotate] : 1,-1,1
Command : shade mode
Enter an option [2dwir frame/3dwireframe/
3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/other]
<2dwireframe> : 3d
Command : cone
Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr
/Elliptical] : pick at any point
Specify height or [2point/Axis endpoint/
Top radius]<0.0000> : 75
Front view
Command : line
Specify first point : pick any point
Specify next point or [undo] : 50
Specify next point or [undo] : @75<108
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c
14.56 Engineering Graphics
l
o
o1l

a1
l

b1l h1
l
60

g1l
c1l
o
l l 50 f1
l
h g f
l
d1l
X Y
l
a b
l l
c
l
d e
l
e1l

g g1
h
f h1

a e
o a1
f50
b d b1
c c1
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.57
Top view
Command : circle
CIRCLE specify centre point for circle
Or [3p/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)] : pick any point with ref.
plane center of front view
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : d
Specify diameter of circle : 50
Inclination with one reference plane
Command : line
Specify first point : pick any point at ref. line
Specify next point or [undo] : @75<30
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c
Command : line
Specify first point : select the point which
project line
Specify next point or [undo] : select the point which project
the line
Specify next point or [undo/close] : close

Result :
Thus the projection of solid is drawn using by AutoCAD.
14.58 Engineering Graphics
31
21 41

51

11 y1
61
l
o

VT
l
4
l
3
x1

70
l
2
l
l
5
l
(6 )
1

35
o
35 l
e
l
f Y
X l l
c
l
a b
l
d
f e

6 5

1 o d
a
4
3
2
b c
30
41
31 51

21 61
Y1
71
11
l
81 o
T
l
5 45o
l
l 4
3 6
l
50

l
2
l
7
X1 l
1
l
8
25

g
l l
f
l
X h VP
V

Y
a
l
b
l
c
l l
d e
l
HP
g
h
f
8 7
6
5
a 1 o e
4
40 2 3
b d
c
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.59

Exercise - 9

SECTIONAL VIEWS OF PYRAMID, CONE, CYLINDER AND PRISMS

Aim
To draw the Sectional views of Pyramid, Cone, Cylinder and Prism using Auto
CAD commands.
Procedure
1. Open the Auto CAD software and set the drawing with the starting
commands.
2. Draw the title block in A3 size template.
3. Draw the Sectional views of the Cylinder and Prism using draw
commands and modify commands.
4. Set the dimension style and give the dimension using dimension
commands.
5. Check all the diagrams and take print out.
Commands Used
1. Starting Commands:
Limits zoom all, ltscale, dimscale, dimstyle
2. Drawing commands:
Line, rectangle, circle, polygon, Multiline text, Bhatch
3. Edit commands:
Erase, move, copy, trim, extend, chamfer, fillet
4. Dimensioning Commands:
Dimlinear, Dimalligned, Dimradius, Dimdiameter.

Result:
Thus the Sectional views of Cylinder and Prism is drawn by using AutoCAD
Commands.
 14.60 Engineering Graphics
0
35
VT
a
I
e
I
b
I
d
I
c
I
A B C D E A
3
I
3
4
I
4
I
2 2
60

5
I
5
1
I
1 1
35

I I
t s
X
I
p
I
q r
I
Y P Q R S T P
e d
t s

P S
p r c
a
q 30 T
150
b
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.61

Excercise - 10

DEVELOPMENT OF SOLIDS
Aim
To draw the development of cone using by AutoCAD.
Procedure
Command : limitsLower left covers
: 0, 0
Upper right covers : 300,250
Command : zoom
[All/center/dynamic/extent
/left/previous/window/scale] <x> : All
Drawing of cone
3D VIEW
Command : vpoint
Specify a view point or[rotate] : 1,-1,1
Command : shade mode
Enter an option [2dwir frame/3dwireframe/
3dHidden/Realistic/Conceptual/other]
<2dwireframe> : 3d
Command : cyclinder
Specify center point of base or [3P/2P/Ttr
/Elliptical] : pick at any point
Specify diameter : 50
Specify height or [2point/Axis endpoint]
<0.0000> : 70
Front view
Command : line
Specify first point : pick any point
Specify next point or [undo] : 50
Specify next point or [undo] : 70
Specify next point or [undo/close] : 40
Specify next point or [undo/close] : c
 14.62 Engineering Graphics

VT 40
0

A B C D E F G H A
I I I I I
a b c d e
I I I
h g f
5
I 5
6
35

I
4 I 4
I
(6 )
3 3 7
70

I
I (7 )
2
I
2 8
1
I
(8 )
1 1
I
g1 f1
I I
h1
X a1
I I
b1 c 1 dI1 eI1 Y A1
I
B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 G1 H1 A
g
h h g1 f
1 f1 L = D
= 3.14 x 50 = 157 mm
aa
1 e1 e

b d1 157
b 1 c1 d
50 c
 Computer Aided Drafting 14.63

Top view
Command : circle
CIRCLE specify centre point for circle
Or [3p/2p/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: pick any point with ref. plane center of front
view
Specify radius of circle or [diameter] : d
Specify diameter of circle : 50
Command : line
Specify first point : 3.14*D
Specify next point or [undo] : 70
Specify next point or [undo] : 3.14*D
Specify next point or [undo] : 70
Specify next point or [undo/close] : close
Length : divide 12 parts of circle measure
size

Result :
Thus the development of cylinder is drawn using by Auto CAD
 14.64 Engineering Graphics

Excercise
Review Questions
1. State the three positioning tools of drafting aids.
2. How do you achieve entering or selecting command in AutoCAD?
3. State the use of function keys: F3, F7, F8 and F9.
4. State the three coordinate systems AutoCAD uses to locate a point in xy plane.
5. Define polar coordinate system.
6. Use the following coordinates to draw an object.
Point 1 : 0, 0 Point 5 : @ 0, 2
Point 2 : @ 3, 0 Point 6 : @ –1, 0
Point 3 : @ 0, 1 Point 7 : @ 0, 0
Point 4 : @ -2, 0
7. Using graphics software, prepare the drawing as given in the figure.
Note: All dimension are in mm.

25

50
50

20 10 20
12

Fig. 13.51 Fig. 13.52

 Computer Aided Drafting 14.65

30 20
20

R 10
20

30
20

20 20 20
SQ 60

Fig. 13.53 Fig. 13.54

8. What do you mean by “CAD”?
9. Distinguish between manual drafting and computer aided drafting.
10. List the various method of command entry.
11. List various methods for drawing a line.
12. Explain drawing limits.
13. How will you draw a rectangle?
14. List various methods of drawing a circle.
15. Describe any five types of modify commands with suitable diagrams.
16. Describe any five types of draw commands with suitable diagrams.
17. Discuss various methods by which a line can be drawn, with diagram.
18. Discuss various methods by which a circle can be drawn, with diagram.

Objective Questions
1. In AutoCAD, an engineering drawing is considered to be made up of different
drawing element known as ________________.
2. Command prompt means that the AutoCAD is ready for you to type a command
name. (True/False)
3. _________ command allows you to draw line at right angles only.
4. Snap mode is used to set ___________________ for cursor movement.
5. To tell AutoCAD which entity to draw, type the required command on the
keyboard in the ________________ area.
 14.66 Engineering Graphics
6. GRID command is used to display ____________ lines on the screen at predefined
spacing.
7. AutoCAD setting are called _______________ settings.
8. In absolute coordinate system, points are located with respect to ___________.
9. In AutoCAD, the relative coordinate system is designated by the symbol
____________ and should precede any entry.
10. -In AutoCAD, in the polar coordinate system, the angle is positive if measured
in clockwise direction (True/False).
11. The ___________ coordinate of a point is located with reference to the previous
point.
12. (i) Write the prompt sequence for drawing a circle with two given points (10,
10) and (20, 10)
Command: CIRCLE
3P / 2P / TTR /< Centre point > : 2P
First point on diameter: 10, 10
Second point on diameter: 20, 10
(ii) This method is known as __________
13. For drawing a circle, three point option can be used three points on the ________
of the circle.
14. You can erase a previously drawn line using the __________ option of the
LINE command.
15. If REDO command is immediately used after an UNDO command, the REDO
will undo the __________.

ANSWERS
Objective Questions
1. Entities 2. True
3. Ortho 4. Increments
5. Command prompt 6. Dotted
7. Default 8. 0, 0
9. @ 10. False
11. Relative 12. (ii) two-point option method
13. Circumference 14. Undo
15. UNDO
Computer Aided Drafting 14.67