1.1 Matter and chemical change.

notebook September 21, 2015

Units

Task 1a: Identify which of the following units are written incorrectly and rewrite 
them. in your PCD.
> 1000Mm 
> 5 Candela 
> 25.06 ccd 
> 94 K 
> 74888 m seconds 
> 0.004Moles 
> 20 hm 
> 12 µ m

Conversion factors

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1.1 Matter and chemical change.notebook September 21, 2015
1.1 Intro to the particulate nature of matter and chemical change

What is matter?
• Made up of particles such as atoms and molecules
• Occupies a volume
• Has a mass
• Particles are in constant motion
• (There are attractive forces between atoms and molecules)

What are the 3 states and the state symbols used?

What are the names of the physical processes between the different states?

Which units are commonly used to measure temperature?

Kinetic theory
The average kinetic energy of particles is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin.

KE can be calculated using the following formula:

So if different substances are found at the same temperature then there must be an inversely
proportional relationship between the mass and velocity.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rf9j0ztzcs4

Kinetic theory - Heating water

Below is a heating curve for water (starting with ice), it shows what happens to the temperature 
of the water as we heat it continually...

"Intermolecular forces" ­ small forces of attraction between atoms or molecules.

How do we use changes of state in industry?

Freeze­drying
1. Food is frozen
2. Subjected to very low pressure
3. This causes sublimation so the 
food is dehydrated
4. Microbes need moisture to grow

This process can be applied in many other areas of industry. In particular, the 
storage of pharmaceuticals.

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1.1 Matter and chemical change.notebook September 21, 2015

Chemical equations

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1.1 Matter and chemical change.notebook September 21, 2015

http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/taters/EquationBalancing.htm

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1.1 Matter and chemical change.notebook September 21, 2015

Atom economy
This describes the efficiency of a chemical reaction by comparing the amount of
useful product to useless products:
% atom economy = molar mass of useful products x 100
molar mass of products

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1.1 Matter and chemical change.notebook September 21, 2015

Elements, compound and mixtures

Elements ­ 
Compounds ­ 

Mixture ­ 

Which of these are pure substances? (have a constant composition)

Element, compound or 
mixture?
Pure substance?
a. Pure element
b. Mixture of compounds
c. Pure element
d. Pure element
e. Mixture of elements
f. Mixture of elements
g. Pure compound
h. Mixture 

Note: the term molecule  can be used to describe something made of 2 or more atoms (of the 
same type or different) that are chemically bonded together. Therefore sample C is a pure 
molecule, B is a mixture of molecules but only B contains compounds 

There are 2 types of mixture:
Homogeneous  ­ has a uniform composition and properties 
throughout. Usually can´t see the individual components.
e.g. salt water, a metal alloy

Heterogeneous  ­ non­uniform composition and varying 
properties.
e.g. water and oil

Mixtures can be separated by physical processes

How could we separate the following mixtures?
• Sand and salt
• Different fuels in crude oil
• Iron and sulfur
• Pigments in food colouring

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1.1 Matter and chemical change.notebook September 21, 2015