Object Oriented ABAP

Hyderabad February 24-26th 2006

Instructor: Subhas Katikala.
 Workshop Goals

This workshop will enable you to:

• Learn object – oriented concepts.

• Learn the principle of object - oriented
programming.
• Learn the application of object
- oriented ABAP.
 Course Contents

Object Oriented Concepts

Object Oriented Programming.
Advantages of the Object-Oriented Approach

Classes Methods
Components of a Class • Syntax and Visibility
• Instance Methods and Static Methods
• Constructor

Attributes Reference Variables

• Syntax and Visibility • Creating References
• Instance Attributes and Static Attributes • Assigning References
 Course Contents

Inheritance
 Super classes and Subclasses
 Visibility
 Inheritance and the (Instance) Constructor
 Parameters
 Redefining Methods in OOABAP
 Compatibility
 Principles of the Narrowing Cast
 Static and Dynamic Components
 Final Classes and Methods
 Course Contents

Polymorphism
 Advantages Compared to Procedural Programming
 Abstract Classes and Methods
 Component Namespaces in Classes

Interfaces
 Defining and Implementing an Interface
 Working with Interface Components
 Interface References
• Narrowing Cast
• Widening Cast
 Using Several Interfaces
 Polymorphism and Interfaces
 Polymorphism and Inheritance
 Compound Interfaces
 Course Contents

Events
 Define and Trigger Events
 Handle Events
 Register and deregister Events
 Receive a reference from Sender
 Object – Oriented Concepts

What
What are Objects ?
Are Objects?

Model House
Real world Tree

Method
Method
Data Data Method
Method
Method
Method

Crane

Method Boat
Data Method
Method Method
Data Method
Method

 Objects are an abstraction of the real world

 Objects are units made up of data and of the
functions belonging to that data

 SAP AG 1999
 OOPS

Object Oriented Programming

• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Instantiation
• Interfacing
• Events
Advantages
• Simplicity
• Explicitness
• Maintainability
• Future Orientation
 Classes

• Classes are the central element of object-orientation.

• A Class is an abstract description of an object.

• Classes are templates for objects.

• The attributes of objects are defined by the components of

the class, which describe the state and behavior of objects.
 Classes

• You define global classes and interfaces in the Class

Builder (Transaction SE24) in the ABAP Workbench.

• They are stored centrally in class pools in the class library

in the R/3 Repository.

• All of the ABAP programs in an R/3 System can access the

global classes.
Components in a class
 Classes

Defining Local Classes

• A complete class definition consists of a declaration part and, if required, an
implementation part.

• The declaration part of a class <class> is a statement block:

CLASS c1 DEFINITION.
….
ENDCLASS.

• If you declare methods in the declaration part of a class, you must also write an
implementation part for it.
CLASS c1 IMPLEMENTATION.
….
ENDCLASS.
Attributes
 Classes

Defining Local Classes

Attributes, Types, Constants - Syntax
Attributes and Visibility
Instance attributes and Static attributes
Methods
Methods : Syntax
Methods and Visibility
Instance methods and Static methods
Instance methods and Static methods : Example
Constructor
Constructor : Example
Static Constructor : Implementation
Static Constructor : Call Examples
Creating Objects
Reference Variables
Creating Objects : Syntax
Assigning References
 Inheritance

• Inheritance allows you to derive a new class from an existing class.

• You do this using the INHERITING FROM addition in the
CLASS <subclass> DEFINITION INHERITING FROM <superclass>
statement.
• The new class <subclass> inherits all of the components of the existing
class <superclass>.
• The new class is called the subclass of the class from which it is
derived.
• The original class is called the superclass of the new class.
Inheritance
Inheritance : Syntax
 Relationships between super classes and
subclasses

Relationships between super classes and subclasses

Inheritance and Visibility
Inheritance and (Instance) constructor
Parameters and CREATE OBJECT
Redefining Methods in ABAP Objects
Redefining Methods : Example
Compatibility and Narrowing Cast
Principles of the Narrowing Cast
Static and Dynamic Types: Example
Static and Dynamic Types for References
Static and Dynamic Types for References

Widening the Cast

Widening the cast
Polymorphism
Polymorphism
Polymorphism
 Interface

• Interfaces exclusively describe the external point

of contact of a class, but they do not contain their
own implementation part.
Defining and Implementing Interface
Working with Interface components
Interface References Narrowing casting
 Interface

• The assignment of an object reference to an interface

reference is known as a narrowing cast since, as with
inheritance, only a part of the object interface is visible once
you have assigned the reference.
• With an interface reference, you can no longer address all
components in the class carrying out the implementation, but
only the components defined in the interface.
Interface references widening cast
 Interface

• The widening cast is, as with inheritance, the opposite of the

narrowing cast: here it is used to retrieve an object reference
from an interface reference. Obviously it cannot be statically
checked, since an interface can be implemented by more than
one class.

• An object reference cannot be assigned to an interface

reference if it has itself not implemented the corresponding
interface.
 Using several Interface

• In the above example, one class is implementing several

interfaces. Even if these interfaces contain components with the
same name, they are differentiated in the class carrying out the
implementation by the prefix “<interfacename>~”.
Polymorphism and Interface
 Events

• Objects or Classes use events to trigger Event Handler methods in

other objects or classes.
• When an event is triggered any number of Event Handler Methods can
be called.
• The events of a class can be raised in the same class using the RAISE
EVENT Statement.
• Events have only output parameters which are accepted by the Event
Handler Methods as input parameters.
• The link between the trigger and the handler is established dynamically
at runtime using the statement SET HANDLER.
Events Overview
Triggering and handling Events :
Overview
Defining and Triggering Events
Handling and Registering Events
Handling Events
Registering for an Event : Syntax
Deregistration
Registration/Deregistration : Handler
Table
Event handling : Characteristics
Events and Visibility