Republic of the Philippines

Batangas State University

Gov. Pablo Borbon Main Campus II, Alangilan, Batangas City
College Of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts
BS Electronics Engineering

Laboratory Experiment No.4

AC Triggering of an SCR

Submitted by:

MALIBIRAN, MARY JANE B.

ECE - 5202

Submitted to:

ENGR. SARAH TOLENTINO

Instructor

March 11, 2019

 I. OBJECTIVE:

After completing and performing the laboratory experiment, you will able to:

1. Show how an ac current to a load can be controlled by an SCR, depending on what

portion of the positive alternation of s sine wave the SCR turns on.

2. Define firing delay angle and conduction angle.

3. Show how conduction angle affect the average load current.

4. Control average current delivered to a load.

II. INTRODUCTION:

The first part of this experiment uses only a variable resistance to vary the trigger
time from 0° to 90°. An oscilloscope is used to view the voltage waveforms across the
SCR and RL.

A capacitor and diode are added to the original circuit to complete the second part of
the experiment. The capacitor extends the trigger time to nearly 180°, and the diode
produces a sharpener current pulse when it conducts, to provide more trigger control.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

1 12-Vrms transformer or ac source

1 Oscilloscope (use only one channel)

1 C106Y1 SCR or equivalent

1 1N4001 diode or equivalent

1 100-Ω resistor at 0.5W(R1)

1 1-kΩ resistor at 0.5 W(RA)

1 500- kΩ potentiometer (RG)

1 0.2-ΩF capacitor or 25 25WV dc (CG)

1 Breadboard for constructing circuit

 IV. PROCEDURE:

1. Construct the circuit shown in figure 6.1

2. Place the oscilloscope’s channel 1 across the SCR, VAK.

3. Vary RG back and forth and view the voltage waveform across the SCR.

4. Adjust RG so that the SCR triggers about halfway between 0° and 90°

5. Draw the voltage waveform across the SCR in the space provided, making sure
to align it with the proper degrees for one cycle. (Indicate peak-to-peak voltage).

6. Place the oscilloscope’s channel 2 across RL.

7. Draw the voltage waveform across RL in the space provided, making sure it with
proper degrees for one cycle. (Indicate peak to-peak voltage).

8. Set the firing delay angle and complete table 6.1. Before measuring the new
setting of RG using ohmmeter, turn off the power supply first.

9. Modify the circuit as shown in Figure 6.1 by adding the capacitor and diode
(Figure 6.2).

10. Place the oscilloscope across the SCR.

11. Vary the RG back and forth and view the voltage waveform across the SCR.

12. Adjust RG so that the SCR triggers past 90°, but not at 180° point.

13. Draw the voltage waveform across the SCR in the space provided, making sure
to align it with the proper degrees for one cycle. (Indicate peak-to-peak voltage)

14. Place the oscilloscope’s channel 2 across RL.

15. Draw the voltage waveforms across RL in the space provided, making sure to
align it with the proper degrees for one cycle. (Indicate peak-to-peak voltage).

16. Set the firing delay angle and complete table 6.2. Before measuring the new
setting of RG using ohmmeter, turn off the power supply first.
Table 6.1: Trigger time ≈ 0° to 90°

Firing
Delay
0 30 45 60 75 90
Angle

RG Setting
(kΩ)

GRAPHS:

Voltage waveform across the SCR

Voltage waveform across the load resistor

Table 6.2: Trigger time ≈ 0° to 180°
Firing
Delay
Angle
10 30 45 60 75 90 100 120 140 150 160 170 180

RG
Setting
(kΩ)

GRAPHS:

Voltage waveform across the SCR

Voltage waveform across the load resistor

FILL-IN QUESTIONS:

1. Using only a potentiometer, the ac trigger tine of an SCR can be varied from
about 0 to 90 degrees.

2. Using a potentiometer and capacitor, the ac trigger time of an SCR can be varied
from about 0 to 180 degrees.

3. When the SCR conducts, the voltage across RL is about equal to the voltage
source.

4. When the SCR conducts, the voltage across its A-K terminals is about 0.7 V.

5. The voltage across RL when the SCR conducts is the result of load current times
load resistance.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS:

As soon as gate is fired, both conditions for turning on of thyristor are fulfilled and it gets
turned on and current starts flowing in circuit. If firing angle is 45 degrees, then uptill 45
degrees of the input sine wave it won't conduct, after that it'll conduct till the cycle
completes (or till the next current zero), and this is repeated again and again.

Varying this angle, alpha as it is generally put, changes the effective rms values of V and
I and hence the power . The lower the firing angle, higher is the power transferred to the
load and vice versa.

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:

1. Which condition would cause the larger load current, a firing delay angle of 35°
or a firing delay angle of 60°?

A firing delay of angle 35 degrees would cause a larger load current ,it is because the
larger the value of α, the smaller is the load current .As the firing angle increase the
load current decrease.

2. If the conduction angle of an SCR is 90° and it is desired to double the average load
current, calculate the new conduction angle for a 60 Hz ac supply.

In order to double the average load current ,the conduction angle should be
decreased. Decreasing it will double the power on the load that also means the
current is double.
3. For figure 6.1, assume the supply is 12 Vrms, IGT = 10 mA, and RA = 1 kΩ. The
firing angle is desired to be 90°. To what value should R2 be adjusted?

SOLUTION:

Vrms=12 RA = 1kΩ

Igt = 10mA Delay angle = 90

16.97 = 100Ig -1kΩ Ig –R2 Ig -0.7 = 0

16.97−100(10 𝑚𝐴)−12(10𝑚𝐴)−0.7
R2 = 10𝑚𝐴

R2 = 527Ω

4. In figure 6.1, if the resistance of the load is 100Ω and the supply is 12 Vrms, how
much power burned in the SCR when the firing delay angle is 0°? When the SCR is
turned ON the voltage across is 1.0 V.

If the firing angle α = 0°, then full positive half-cycle will appear across the load RL and
almost all the power on the source is dissipated to the load and the SCR. When the
voltage across the scr is equal to 1v the power burn by the SCR is only 8.3333 and the
remaining power is dissipated on the load.

5. In figure 6.1, the supply is 115 Vrms, 60 Hz. The SCR has a triggering gate current
of 35mA; RA = 1 kΩ; what value of RG will cause a firing delay angle of 90°?

SOLUTION:

V= 115(√2 ) sin 90

V = 162.63V
𝑉−𝐼𝑔𝑅𝑙−𝑅𝑎𝐼𝑔−𝑉𝑔𝑟
RG = 𝐼𝐺

162.93−𝐼𝑔(100)−(1kΩ)𝐼𝑔−0.7
RG = 𝐼𝐺

162.93−35𝑚𝐴 (100)−(1kΩ)35𝑚𝐴−0.7
RG = 35𝑚𝐴

Rg =3256.57 Ω