Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths

______________________________________________________________________________

3
1. If sin   , find the value of all T- ratios of 
2
Sol:
Let us first draw a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝐵 √3
Now, we know that sin 𝜃 = = 𝐴𝐶 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 2

So, if AB = √3𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑘, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.

Now, using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2 = (2𝑘)2 − (√3𝑘)
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 4𝑘 2 − 3𝑘 2 = 𝑘 2
⟹ BC = k
Now, finding the other T-rations using their definitions, we get:
𝐵𝐶 𝑘 1
Cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 2𝑘 = 2
𝐴𝐵 √3𝑘
Tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = = √3
𝑘
1 1 1 2 1
∴ cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = 2
√3 √3

7
2. If cos   , find the value of all T-ratios of 
25
Sol:
Let us first draw a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃.
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐶 7
Now, we know that cos 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝐴𝐶 = 25

So, if BC = 7k, then AC = 25k, were k is a positive number.

Now, using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2 = (25𝑘)2 − (7𝑘)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 625𝑘 2 − 49𝑘 2 = 576𝑘 2
⟹ AB = 24k
Now, finding the trigonometric ratios using their definitions, we get:
𝐴𝐵 24𝑘 24
Sin 𝜃 = = 25𝑘 = 25
𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵 24𝑘 24
Tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = =
7𝑘 7
1 7 1 25 1 25
∴ cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = 24 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = 24 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = 7

15
3. If tan   , find the values of all T-ratios of 
8
Sol:
Let us first draw a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴𝐵 15
Now, we know that tan θ = = 𝐵𝐶 =
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 8

So, if BC = 8k, then AB = 15k where k is positive number.

Now, using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = (15𝑘)2 + (8𝑘)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 225𝑘 2 + 64𝑘 2 = 289𝑘 2
⟹ AC = 17k
Now, finding the other T-ratios using their definitions, we get:
𝐴𝐵 15𝑘 15
Sin 𝜃 = = 17𝑘 = 17
𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶 8𝑘 8
Cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 17𝑘 = 17
1 8 1 17 1 17
∴ cot 𝜃 = = , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = =
tan 𝜃 15 sin 𝜃 15 cos 𝜃 8

4. If cot   2 find all the values of all T-ratios of 

Sol:
Let us first draw a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐵𝐶
Now, we know that cot θ = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝐴𝐵 = 2
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

So, if BC = 2k, then AB = k, is a positive number.

Now, using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = (2𝑘)2 + (𝑘)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 4𝑘 2 + 𝑘 2 = 5𝑘 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = √5𝑘
Now, finding the other T-ratios using their definitions, we get:
𝐴𝐵 5 1
Sin θ = 𝐴𝐶 = =
√5𝑘 √2
𝐵𝐶 2𝑘 2
Cos θ = 𝐴𝐶 = =
√5𝑘 √5
1 1 1 1 √5
∴ tan θ = cot 𝜃 = 2 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = √5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = 2

5. If cosec   10 find all the values of all T-ratios of 

Sol:
Let us first draw a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶 √10
Now, we know that cosec θ = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝐴𝐵 = 1

So, if AC = (√10)𝑘, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.

Now, by using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 9𝑘 2
⟹ BC = 3k
Now, finding the other T-ratios using their definitions, we get:
𝐴𝐵 𝑘 1
tan θ = 𝐵𝐶 = 3𝑘 = 3
𝐵𝐶 3𝑘 3
cos θ = 𝐴𝐶 = =
√10𝑘 √10
1 1 1 1 √10
∴ sin θ = cos 𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = , cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = cos 𝜃 =
√10 3
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

a 2  b2
6. If sin   find all the values of all T-ratios of 
a 2  b2
Sol:
𝑎2 −𝑏2
We have sin θ = 𝑎2 +𝑏2
As,
Cos2 𝜃 = 1 − sin2 𝜃
2
𝑎2 −𝑏2
= 1 − (𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
2
1 (𝑎2 −𝑏2 )
= 1 − (𝑎2 +𝑏2 )2
2 2
(𝑎2 +𝑏 2 ) −(𝑎2 −𝑏 2 )
= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 )
[(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )−(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )][(𝑎2 +𝑏2 )+(𝑎2 −𝑏2 )]
= (𝑎2 +𝑏 2 )2
[𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎2 +𝑏 2 ][𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎2 −𝑏2 ]
= (𝑎2 +𝑏 2 )2
[2𝑏 2 ][2𝑎2 ]
= (𝑎2 +𝑏 2 )2
4𝑎2 𝑏 2
⟹cos2 𝜃 = (𝑎2
+𝑏2 )2
4𝑎2 𝑏 2
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = √(𝑎2 +𝑏2)2
2𝑎𝑏
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = (𝑎2 +𝑏2)
Also,
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑎2 −𝑏2
( 2 2)
𝑎 +𝑏
= 2𝑎𝑏
( 2 2)
𝑎 +𝑏
𝑎2 −𝑏 2
= 2𝑎𝑏
Now,
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
= 𝑎2 −𝑏2
( 2 2)
𝑎 −𝑏
𝑎2 +𝑏 2
= 𝑎2 −𝑏2
Also,
1
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1
= 2𝑎𝑏
( 2 2)
𝑎 +𝑏
𝑎2 +𝑏 2
= 2𝑎𝑏
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
And,
1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
1
= 𝑎2 −𝑏2
( )
2𝑎𝑏
2𝑎𝑏
= 𝑎2 −𝑏2

7. If 15 cot A = 8 find all the values of sin A and sec A

Sol:
We have,
15 cot 𝐴 = 8
8
⟹ cot 𝐴 = 15
As,
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴
8 2
= 1 + (15)
64
= 1 + 225
225+64
= 225
289
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 = 225
289
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 = √225
17
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 = 15
1 17

sin A 15
15
Sin A =
17
Also,
Cos2 𝐴 = 1 − sin2 𝐴
15 2
= 1 − (17)
225
=1−
289
289−225
= 289
2 64
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = 289
64
⟹ cos 𝐴 = √289
8
⟹ cos 𝐴 = 17
1 8
⟹ sec 𝐴 = 17
17
⟹ sec 𝐴 = 8
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
9
8. If sin A  find all the values of cos A and tan A
41
Sol:
9
We have sin A =41
As,
Cos2 𝐴 = 1 − sin2 𝐴
9 2
= 1 − (41)
81
= 1 − 1681
1681−81
= 1681
2 1600
⟹cos 𝐴 = 1681
1600
⟹cos 𝐴 = √1681
40
⟹ cos 𝐴 = 41
Also,
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
Tan 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
9
( )
41
= 40
( )
41
9
= 40

9. If cos θ=0.6 show that (5sin θ -3tan θ) = 0

Sol:
Let us consider a right ∆ABC right angled at B.
𝐵𝐶 3
Now, we know that cos θ = 0.6 = 𝐴𝐶 =
5

So, if BC = 3k, then AC = 5k, where k is a positive number.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝑐 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 2 = (5𝑘)2 − (3𝑘)2 = 25𝑘 2 − 9𝑘 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 16𝑘 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 = 4𝑘
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
Finding out the other T-rations using their definitions, we get:
𝐴𝐵 4𝑘 4
Sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 5𝑘 = 5
𝐴𝐵 4𝑘 4
tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = 3𝑘 = 3
Substituting the values in the given expression, we get:
5 sin 𝜃 − 3 tan 𝜃
4 4
⟹ 5 (5) − 3 ( )
3
⟹ 4 − 4 = 0 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
i.e., LHS = RHS
Hence, Proved.

 sin  
10. If cosec θ= 2 show that  cot   2
 1  cos  
Sol:
Let us consider a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃.
Now, it is given that cosec θ = 2.
1 1 𝐴𝐵
Also, sin 𝜃 = cos 𝑒𝑐𝜃 = =
2 𝐴𝐶

So, if AB =k, then AC =2k, where k is a positive number.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 (2𝑘)2 − (𝑘)2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 3𝑘 2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 = √3𝑘
Finding out the other T-ratios using their definitions, we get:
𝐵𝐶 √3𝑘 √3
cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = =
2𝑘 2
𝐴𝐵 𝑘 1
Tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = =
√3𝑘 √3
1
Cot 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = √3
Substituting these values in the given expression, we get:
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
sin 𝜃
Cot 𝜃 + 1+cos 𝜃
1
( )
2
= √3 + √3
1+
2
1
2
= √3 + 2+ √3
2
1
= √3 + 2+
√3
√3(2+√3)+1
=
2+√3
2√3+3+1
=
2+√3
2(2+√3)
= =2
2+√3
i.e., LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

11. If tan  
1
show that
 cos ec 2  sec 2   3

7 cos ec 2  sec 2  4
Sol:
Let us consider a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃.
𝐴𝐵 1
Now it is given that tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 =
√7

So, if AB = k, then BC = √7𝑘, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = (𝑘)2 + (√7𝑘)
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝑘 2 + 7𝑘 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = 2√2𝑘
Now, finding out the values of the other trigonometric ratios, we have:
𝐴𝐵 𝑘 1
Sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 2√2𝑘 = 2√2
𝐵𝐶 √7𝑘 √7
Cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 2√2𝑘 = 2√2
1 1 2√2
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = 2√2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sec 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 =
√7
Substituting the values of cosec θ and sec θ in the give expression, we get:
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−sec2 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃+sec2 𝜃
2
2 2√2
(2√2) −( )
√7
= 2
2
2√2
(2√2) +( )
√7
8
8−( )
7
= 8
8+( )
7
56−8
7
= 56+8
7
48 3
= 64 = 4 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
i.e., LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

20 1  sin   cos    3
12. If tan   , show that
21 (1  sin   cos  ) 7
Sol:
Let us consider a right ∆ABC right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃
𝐴𝐵 2𝜃
Now, we know that tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = 21

So, if AB = 20k, then BC = 21k, where k is a positive number.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we get:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = (20𝑘)2 + (21𝑘)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 841𝑘 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = 29𝑘
𝐴𝐵 20 𝐵𝐶 21
Now. Sin 𝜃 = = 29 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 29
𝐴𝐶
Substituting these values in the give expression, we get:
1−sin 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 1+sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃
20 21
1− +
29 29
= 20 21
1+ +
29 29
29−20+21
29 30 3
= 29+20+21 = 70 = 7 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
29
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

13. If sec  
5
show that
 sin   2cos   12
4  tan   cot   7
Sol:
We have,
5
Sec 𝜃 = 4
1 5
⟹ cos 𝜃 = 4
4
⟹ cos 𝜃 = 5
Also,
Sin2 𝜃 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃
4 2
= 1 − (5)
16
= 1 − 25
9
= 25
3
⟹ sin 𝜃 = 5
Now,
(sin 𝜃−2 cos 𝜃)
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (tan 𝜃−cot 𝜃)
(sin 𝜃−2 cos 𝜃)
= sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
( − )
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
(sin 𝜃−2 cos 𝜃)
= sin2 𝜃−cos2 𝜃
( )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

sin  cos   sin   2cos  

 sin 2
  cos 2  
3 4 3 4
× ( −2× )
=5 5 5
3 2
5
4 2
( ) −( )
5 5
12 3 8
( − )
25 5 5
= 9 16
( − )
25 25
12 −5
×( )
25 5
= −7
( )
25
12
= 7
= RHS

3 sec   cos ec 1

14. If cot   , show that 
4 sec   cos ec 7
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
Sol:
sec 𝜃−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = √sec 𝜃+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃
1 1
( − )
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
=√ 1 1
( + )
cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

sin 𝜃−cos 𝜃
( )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
=√ sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃
( )
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃

sin 𝜃−cos 𝜃
( )
sin 𝜃
=√ sin 𝜃+cos 𝜃
( )
sin 𝜃

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
( − )
= √ sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃
( + )
sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃

1−cos 𝜃
= √1+cos 𝜃

3
(1− )
4
=√ 3
(1+ )
4

1
( )
4
=√ 7
( )
4

1
= √7
1
=
√7
= RHS

3 cos ec 2  cot 2  7
15. If sin   , show that 
4 sec   1
2
3
Sol:
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃−cot2 𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = √ sec2 2−1

1
= √tan2 𝜃

= √cot 2 𝜃
= cot 𝜃
= √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
2
1
= √( 3 ) −1
( )
4

4 2
= √(3) − 1
16
=√9 −1

16−9
=√ 9

7
=√
9
√7
= 3
= RHS

a ba
16. If sin   , show that  sec   tan   
b ba
Sol:
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (sec 𝜃 + tan 𝜃)
1 sin 𝜃
= +
cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1+sin 𝜃
= cos 𝜃
1+sin 𝜃
= √1−sin2
𝜃
𝑎
(1+ )
𝑏
= 2
√1−(𝑎)
𝑏
1 𝑎
( + )
1 𝑏
= 2
√1−𝑎2
1 𝑏
𝑏+𝑎
( )
𝑏
= 2 2
√𝑏 −𝑎
𝑏2
(𝑏+𝑎)
=
√(𝑏+𝑎)√(𝑏−𝑎)
√(𝑏+𝑎)
=
√(𝑏−𝑎)

𝑏+𝑎
= √𝑏−𝑎
= RHS
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

17. If cos  
3
, show that
 sin   cot    3
5 2 tan  160
Sol:
(sin 𝜃−cot 𝜃)
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 2 tan 𝜃
cos 𝜃
sin 𝜃−
sin 𝜃
= sin 𝜃
2( )
cos 𝜃
2
sin 𝜃−cos 𝜃
sin 𝜃
= 2 sin 𝜃
( )
cos 𝜃
cos 𝜃(sin2 𝜃−cos 𝜃)
= 2 sin2 𝜃
cos 𝜃(1−cos2 𝜃−cos 𝜃
= 2(1−cos2 𝜃)
3 3 2 3
[1−( ) − ]
5 5 5
= 3 2
2[1−( ) ]
5
3 1 9 3
( − − )
5 1 25 5
= 9
2(1− )
25
3 25−9−15
( )
5 25
= 25−9
2( )
25
3 1
( )
5 25
= 16
2( )
25
3
= 5×2×16
3
= 160
= RHS

4 7
18. If tan   , show that  sin   cos   
3 5
Sol:
Let us consider a right ∆ABC, right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃
𝐴𝐵 4
Now, we know that tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = 3

So, if BC = 3k, then AB = 4k, where k is a positive number.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2 = (4𝑘)2 + (3𝑘)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 16𝑘 2 + 9𝑘 2 = 25𝑘 2
⟹ AC = 5k
Finding out the values of sin 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cos 𝜃 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒:
𝐴𝐵 4𝑘 4
Sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 5𝑘 = 5
𝐵𝐶 3𝑘 3
Cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = =
5𝑘 5
Substituting these values in the given expression, we get:
4 3 7
(sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃) = (5 + ) = ( ) = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
5 5
i.e., LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

19.
a
If tan   , show that
 a sin   b cos  

a 2  b2  
b  a sin   b cos   a 2  b2
Sol:
𝑎
It is given that tan 𝜃 = 𝑏
𝑎 sin 𝜃−𝑏 cos 𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃+𝑏 cos 𝜃
Dividing the numerator and denominator by cos 𝜃, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:
𝑎 tan 𝜃−𝑏 sin 𝜃
(∴ tan 𝜃 = cos 𝜃)
𝑎 tan 𝜃+𝑏
Now, substituting the value of tan 𝜃 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:
𝑎
𝑎( )−𝑏
𝑏
𝑎
𝑎( )+𝑏
𝑏
𝑎2
−𝑏
= 𝑎𝑏2
+𝑏
𝑏
𝑎2 −𝑏 2
= 𝑎2 +𝑏2 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
i.e., LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

20. If 3tan   4 , show that

 4cos  sin    4
 4cos  sin   5
Sol:
Let us consider a right ∆ABC right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃.
𝐴𝐵 4
We know that tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = 3
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

So, if BC = 3k, then AB = 4k, where k is a positive number.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 16𝑘 2 + 9𝑘 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 25𝑘 2
⟹ AC = 5k
Now, we have:
𝐴𝐵 4𝑘 4
Sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 5𝑘 = 5
𝐵𝐶 3𝑘 3
Cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 5𝑘 = 5
Substituting these values in the given expression, we get:
4 cos 𝜃−sin 𝜃
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+sin 𝜃
3 4
4( )−
5 5
= 3 4
2( )+
5 5
12 4
−
5 5
= 6 4
+
5 5
12−4
5
= 6+4
5
8 4
= 10 = 5 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆
i.e., LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

21. If 3cot   2 , show that

 4sin   4cos   1
 2sin   6cos  3
Sol:
2
It is given that cos 𝜃 = 3
4 sin 𝜃−3 cos 𝜃
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 2 sin 𝜃+6 cos 𝜃
Dividing the above expression by sin 𝜃, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:
4−3 cot 𝜃 cos 𝜃
2+6 cot 𝜃
[∵ cot 𝜃 = sin 𝜃
]
Now, substituting the values of cot 𝜃 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡:
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
2
4−3( )
3
2
2+6( )
3
4−2 2 1
= 2+4 = 6 = 3
i.e., LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

1  tan    cos
2

22. If 3cot   4 , show that  2

  sin 2  
1  tan   2

Sol:
(1−tan2 𝜃)
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (1+tan2 𝜃)
1
(1− )
cot2 𝜃
= 1
(1+ 2 )
cot 𝜃
cot2 𝜃−1
cot2 𝜃
= cot2 𝜃+1
( )
cot2 𝜃
cot2 𝜃−1
= cot2 𝜃+1
4 2
( ) −1 4
3
= 4 2
(𝐴𝑠, 3 cot 𝜃 = 4 𝑜𝑟 cot 𝜃 = 3)
( ) +1
3
16
−1
9
= 16
+1
9
16−9
( )
9
= 16+9
( )
9
7
( )
9
= 25
( )
9
7
= 25
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = (cos2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃)
(cos2 𝜃−sin2 𝜃)
= 1
cos2 𝜃−sin2 𝜃
( )
sin2 𝜃
= 1
( 2 )
sin 𝜃
cos 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
2
−
sin2 𝜃 sin2 𝜃
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
(cot2 𝜃−1)
= (cot2 𝜃+1)
4 2
[( ) −1]
3
= 4 2
[( ) +1]
3
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
16 1
( − )
9 1
= 16 1
( + )
9 1
16−9
( )
9
= 16+9
( )
9
7
( )
9
= 25
( )
9
7
= 25
Since, LHS = RHS
Hence, verified.

23.
17
If sec   verify that
3  4sin 2 

3  tan 2    
8 4 cos 2   3 1  tan 3    
Sol:
17
It is given that sec 𝜃 = 8
Let us consider a right ∆ABC right angled at B and ∠𝐶 = 𝜃
1 8 𝐵𝐶
We know that cos 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = =
17 𝐴𝐶

So, if BC = 8k, then AC = 17k, where k is a positive number.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we have:
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2 = (17𝑘)2 − (8𝑘)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 2 = 289𝑘 2 − 64𝑘 2 = 225𝑘 2
⟹AB = 15k.
𝐴𝐵 15 𝐴𝐵 15𝑘 15
Now, tan 𝜃 = 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶 = 17𝑘 = 17
8
3−4 sin2 𝜃 3−tan2 𝜃
The given expression is 4 cos2 𝜃−3 = 1−3 tan2 𝜃
Substituting the values in the above expression, we get:
15 2
3−4( )
17
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 8 2
4( ) −3
17
900
3−
289
= 256
−3
289
867−900 33 33
= 256−867 = − −611 = 611
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
15 2
3−( )
8
𝑅𝐻𝑆= 15 2
1−3( )
8
225
3−
64
= 675
1−
64
192−255 33 33
= 64−675
= − −611 = 611
∴ LHS = RHS
Hence proved.

24. In the adjoining figure, B  90 , BAC    , BC  CD  4cm and AD = 10 cm. find (i) sin 
and (ii) cos 

Sol:

In ∆ABD,
Using Pythagoras theorem, we get
𝐴𝐵 = √𝐴𝐷2 − 𝐵𝐷2
= √102 − 82
= √100 − 64
= √36
= 6 cm
Again,
In ∆ABC,
Using Pythagoras therem, we get
𝐴𝐶 = √𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
= √62 + 42
= √36 + 16
= √52
= 2√13 𝑐𝑚
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________

Now,
𝐵𝐶
(i) sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶
4
= 2√13
2
=
√13
2√13
=
13
𝐴𝐵
(ii) cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐶
6
= 2√13
3
=
√13
3√13
=
13

25. In a ABC , B  90 , AB= 24 cm and BC = 7 cm find (i) sin A (ii) cos A (iii) sin C
(iv) cos C
Sol:

Using Pythagoras theorem, we get:

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = (24)2 + (7)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 576 + 49 = 625
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = 25 𝑐𝑚
Now, for T-Ratios of ∠𝐴, 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶 7
(i) sin 𝐴 = 𝐴𝐶 = 25
𝐴𝐵 24
(ii) cos 𝐴 = = 25
𝐴𝐶
Similarly, for T-Ratios of ∠𝐶, 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵 24
(iii) sin 𝐶 = = 25
𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶 7
(iv) cos 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 = 25
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
26. In ABC , C  90 ABC    BC = 21 units . and AB= 29 units. Show that

 cos2   sin 2    841

41

Sol:

Using Pythagoras theorem, we get:

𝐴𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 − 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = (29)2 − (21)2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 841 − 441
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 400
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = √400 = 20 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐴𝐶 2𝜃 𝐵𝐶 21
Now, sin 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 cos 𝜃 = 𝐴𝐵 = 29
29
21 2 20 2 441 400 41
Cos2 𝜃 − sin2 𝜃 = (29) − (29) = 841 − 841 = 841
Hence proved.

27. In a ABC , B  90 , AB = 12 cm and BC = 5 cm Find

(i) cos A (ii) cosec A (iii) cos C (iv) cosec C
Sol:

Using Pythagoras theorem, we get:

𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 122 + 52 = 144 + 25
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 2 = 169
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = 13 𝑐𝑚
Now, for T-Ratios of ∠𝐴, 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵 12
(i)cos 𝐴 = =
𝐴𝐶 13
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
1 𝐴𝐶 13
(ii)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 = sin 𝐴 = 𝐵𝐶 = 5
Similarly, for T-Ratios of ∠𝐶, 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝐴𝐵
𝐵𝐶 5
(iii)cos 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶 = 13
1 𝐴𝐶 13
(iv)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐶 = sin 𝐶 = = 12
𝐴𝐵

prove that  3cos   4cos 2    0

1
28. If sin  
2
Sol:
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎 − 4 cos3 𝑎)
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎(3 − 4 cos 2 𝑎)
= √1 − sin2 𝑎 [3 − 4(1 − sin2 𝑎)]
1 2 1 2
= √1 − (2) [3 − 4 (1 − ( ) )]
2

1 1 1 1
= √1 − 4 [3 − 4 (1 − 4)]

3 3
= √4 [3 − 4 (4)]

3
= √ [3 − 3]
4

3
= √4 [0]
=0
= RHS

1
29. IF ABC , B  90 AND Tan A  . Prove that
3
(i) Sin A. cos C+ cos A. Sin c = 1
(ii) cos A. cos C -sin A. sin C = 0
Sol:

In ∆ABC, ∠𝐵 = 900 ,
1
As, tan 𝐴 =
√3
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
𝐵𝐶 1
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 =
√3
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐵𝐶 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑥 √3
Using Pythagoras the get
𝐴𝐶 = √𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
2
= √(𝑥√3) + 𝑥 2
= √3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2
= √4𝑥 2
= 2x
Now,
(i)LHS = sin 𝐴. cos 𝐶 + cos 𝐴 . sin 𝐶
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
= 𝐴𝐶 . 𝐴𝐶 + 𝐴𝐶 . 𝐴𝐶
𝐵𝐶 2 𝐴𝐵 2
= (𝐴𝐶 ) + (𝐴𝐶 )
2 2
𝑥 𝑥√3
= (2𝑥) + ( 2𝑥 )
1 3
=4 +4
=1
= RHS
(ii)LHS = cos 𝐴 . cos 𝐶 − sin 𝐴 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
= 𝐴𝐶 . 𝐴𝐶 − 𝐴𝐶 . 𝐴𝐶
𝑥√3 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥√3
= . − 2𝑥 .
2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
√3 √3
= − 4
4
=0
= RHS

30. If  A and  B are acute angles such that sin A = Sin B prove that A  B
Sol:

In ∆ABC, ∠𝐶 = 900
𝐵𝐶
Sin 𝐴 = 𝐴𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐴𝐶
Sin 𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
As, sin 𝐴 = sin 𝐵
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
⟹ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
So, ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐵 (𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙)

31. If  A and  B are acute angles such that tan A= Tan B then prove that A  B
Sol:

In ∆ABC, ∠𝐶 = 900
𝐵𝐶
Tan 𝐴 = 𝐴𝐶 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐴𝐶
Tan 𝐵 = 𝐵𝐶
As, tan 𝐴 = tan 𝐵
𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
⟹ 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐶 2
⟹ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
So, ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐵 (𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙)

32. If a right ABC , right-angled at B, if tan A=1 then verify that 2sin A . cos A = 1
Sol:
We have,
Tan 𝐴 = 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
⟹ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 1
⟹ sin 𝐴 = cos 𝐴
⟹ sin 𝐴 − cos 𝐴 = 0
Squaring both sides, we get
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)2 = 0
⟹ sin2 𝐴 + cos 2 𝐴 − 2 sin 𝐴 . cos 𝐴 = 0
⟹ 1 − 2 sin 𝐴 . cos 𝐴 = 0
∴ 2 sin 𝐴 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 1

33. In the figure of PQR , P    and R    find

i  X  1cot 

 ii  x3  x 2 tan 
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
(iii) cos 

Sol:

In ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, ∠𝑄 = 900 ,
Using Pythagoras theorem, we get
𝑃𝑄 = √𝑃𝑅 2 − 𝑄𝑅 2
= √(𝑥 + 2)2 − 𝑥 2
= √𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥 2
= √4 (𝑥 + 1)
= 2 √𝑥 + 1
Now,
(i) (√𝑥 + 1) cot ∅
𝑄𝑅
= (√𝑥 + 1)× 𝑃𝑄
𝑥
= (√𝑥 + 1)× 2√𝑥+1
𝑥
=2
(ii) (√𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 ) tan 𝜃
𝑄𝑅
= (√𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1)) × 𝑃𝑄
𝑥
= 𝑥 √(𝑥 + 1)× 2√𝑥+1
𝑥2
= 2
(iii)𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑃𝑄 2√𝑥+1
= 𝑃𝑅 𝜃= 𝑥+2
Class X Chapter 5 – Trigonometric Ratios Maths
______________________________________________________________________________
2
 2   x y
2

34. If x = cosec A +cos A and y = cosec A – cos A then prove that     1

 x y  2 
Sol:
2 2 𝑥−𝑦 2
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (𝑥+𝑦) + ( ) −1
2
2 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+cos 𝐴)−(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−cos 𝐴) 2
= [(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴+cos 𝐴)+(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−cos 𝐴)] + [ ] −1
2
2 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+cos 𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴+cos 𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴−cos 𝐴] + [ 2
] −1
2 2 2 cos 𝐴 2
=[ ] +[ ] −1
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 2
1 2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴] + [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴]2 − 1
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴]2 + [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴]2 − 1
= sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴 − 1
= 1-1
=0
= RHS

2
 x y  x y
2

35. If x = cot A + cos A and y = cot A – cos A then prove that     1

 x y  2 
Sol:
𝑥−𝑦 2 𝑥−𝑦 2
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = (𝑥+𝑦) + ( 2
)
(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)−(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴) 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)−(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴) 2
= [(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)+(𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴)] + [ 2
]
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2
= [𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴] + [ ]
2
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2
= [2𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴 ] + [ 2
]
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
=[ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 ] + [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴]2
( )
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 2
=[ ] + [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴]2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴]2 + [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴]2
= sin2 𝐴 + cos2 𝐴
=1
= RHS