Parameter check list in Huawei System for high TCH Drops.

What is Call Drop? The TCH call drop rate refers to the ratio of call drops to successful TCH seizures after the BSC
successfully assigns TCHs to MSs. The TCH call drop rate can be measured from the following aspects: TCH call drop
rate (including handover) TCH call drop rate (excluding handover) Formulas for Call Drop including handovers: TCH call
drop rate (including handover) = Number of call drops on TCH/(Number of successful TCH seizures (signaling channel) +
Number of successful TCH seizures (TCH) + Number of successful TCH Seizures in TCH handovers (TCH)) x 100%
Formulas for Call Drop excluding handovers: TCH call drop rate (excluding handover) = Number of call drops on
TCH/Number of successful TCH seizures (TCH) x 100% Parameter Check list for Call Drop: These parameters are
common for all the vendors the only difference is its name will be different. The settings of some parameters on the BSC
and MSC sides may affect the TCH call drop rate. If the following situations occur, the TCH call drop rate may increase: 1.
The parameters SACCH Multi-Frames and Radio Link Timeout are set to too small values. 2. The parameter
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN is set to a too small value. 3. The parameter RACH Min.Access Level is set to a too small value.
4. The parameters Min DL Power on HO Candidate Cell and Min Access Level Offset are inappropriately set. 5. The
length of timer T3103 (this timer is set to wait for a Handover Complete message) is set to a too small value. 6. The length
of timer T3109 (this timer is set to wait for a Release Indication message) is set to a too small value. 7. The length of timer
T3111 (this timer specifies the connection release delay) is set to a too small value. 8. The length of timer T305/T308 is
set to an invalid or too great value. 9. The parameter TCH Traffic Busy Threshold is set to a too small value. 10. The
parameter Call Reestablishment Forbidden is set to Yes. 11. The parameters related to edge handover are inappropriately
set. 12. The parameters related to BQ handover are inappropriately set. 13. The parameters related to interference
handover are inappropriately set. 14. The parameters related to concentric cell handover are inappropriately set. 15. The
parameters related to power control are inappropriately set. 16. T200 and N200 are set to too small values. 17. Some
neighboring cell relations are not configured. 18. The parameter MAIO is inappropriately set. 19. The parameter
Disconnect Handover Protect Timer is set to a too small value. 20. The parameter TR1N is set to a too small value. 21.
The parameters Software Parameter 13 and MAX TA are set to too small values. 22. If a repeater is used, the parameter
Directly Magnifier Site Flag is set to No.

Coverage problem troubleshooting

Troubleshooting Process of Coverage Problems: In case of coverage problems, the onsite engineers can do as follows to
handle the problems: 1. Analyze the hardware configuration, parameter settings, traffic statistics, and alarms. 2. Check the
BTS hardware, test the TRX power and the transmit power on top of the cabinet, and perform drive tests on site. 3.
Communicate with the customer that makes the complaints and perform field tests.Then, most coverage problems can be
solved. 4. Check the hardware configuration: Check whether capacity expansion is performed and whether the
combination mode changes according to the TRX configuration provided by the customer. Checking the hardware
configuration helps determine whether a TRX is faulty or whether the TRXs are sufficient, because the number of TRXs
may be smaller than that before network replacement, which leads to congestion and traffic decrease. 5. Check the
parameter settings: Check the PDCH configuration and settings of the parameters closely related to the coverage, such
as Power Class (0), RACH Min.Access Level (≤1), RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN, and Cell Layer (same as the layer of the
neighboring cell). In addition, check the configuration of the neighboring cell relations. Cells in the same BSC should be
configured as bidirectional neighboring cells; cells between different BSCs should be configured as external neighboring
cells. Note that the serving cell should be configured as the neighboring cell of other cells. 6. Check the alarms and traffic
statistics: > The coverage-related alarms are generated mainly because the TRX is faulty. i) Hardware alarms: LAPD
alarm, TRX configuration alarm, TRX processor running Alarm, radio link critical alarm, TRX power decrease alarm, TRX
power amplifier shutdown alarm, TRX voltage abnormal alarm, TRX hardware alarm, TRX VSWR alarm, TRX board
communication alarm, CDU level-1 VSWR alarm, and CDU level-2 VSWR alarm. ii) Clock alarms: clock reference
abnormal alarm, frame or TS number alarm, TRX clock major alarm, phase-locked loop critical alarm, and TMU clock
alarm. iii) Transmission alarms: LAPD OML fault alarm, E1 remote alarm, and E1 local alarm. The preceding alarms do
not necessarily cause the coverage decrease; however, if alarms are generated and cleared frequently, the coverage
seems to be poor and the signal seems to fluctuate for the customer. In problem identification, handle these alarms first. >
The measurement counters are related to KPI Measurement per Cell, Incoming/Outgoing Internal/External Inter-Cell
Handover Measurement per Cell, Measurement of Power Control Messages per Cell, Receive Quality Measurement per
TRX, and Uplink-and-Downlink Balance Measurement per TRX. i) Compare the number of SDCCH requests and the
number of TCH requests respectively before and after network replacement to check whether the number of SDCCH
requests and the number of TCH requests during paging response are normal. ii) Check whether congestion occurs
according to the congestion rate. If the congestion rate is high, access to the network becomes difficult, thus causing
complaints. iii) Compare the traffic volume in busy hours before and after network replacement to check whether the traffic
volume decreases. Traffic volume is an important indicator of the coverage. iv) Compare the number of incoming inter-cell
handovers and the number of outgoing inter-cell handovers respectively before and after network replacement to check
whether the cooperation with the neighboring BTS is normal. v) Check the average receive level and the average receive
quality in the uplink and the downlink. 7. Compare the drive test data before and after network replacement: This method
is effective to solve the coverage problem and can provide valid evidence for coverage decrease. If network replacement
is performed by the customer, the drive test data before network replacement may be unavailable; therefore, identifying
the coverage problem becomes more difficult. You can perform drive tests after network replacement and check the BTS
to identify the problems such as reverse connection of the feeder, poor coverage of the antenna, and handover failure. In
addition, you need to communicate with the customer that makes the complaints and perform field tests to obtain the
firsthand data for future comparison. 8. Check the BTS antenna and feeder: With the drive test results, check the antenna
and feeder connections. If the drive test results show that the antenna coverage is poor, use the SITEMASTER to test
whether the VSWR is smaller than 1.5. If the VSWR is greater than 1.5, check whether water runs into the antenna
connector or feeder connector and whether the surge protector is faulty. If there are complaints about poor coverage after
network replacement but the drive test results show that the coverage is normal, the poor coverage in some areas may be
concerned with the antenna, especially the omnidirectional antenna, of the main BCCH changes, or the tilt or azimuth
angle of the antenna changes. If the TMA is installed, you need to check whether the TMA is activated and functional. 9.
Test the transmit power on top of the cabinet: Ensure that the cables are securely connected. Then, check whether the
transmit power on top of the cabinet is normal. If the transmit power is abnormal, use a power meter to check the power of
the TRX and combiner. If the TRX power decreases or the combiner loss is too high, replace the faulty TRX or combiner.
The receiver sensitivity can be tested by only the CMD57, which is unavailable on site. Therefore, you can replace the
faulty TRX. 10. Find out other causes: insufficient coverage, interference, poor electromagnetic environment, MS fault,
SIM fault, or mistaken complaints due to the surrounding environment of the antenna, building in the cell, vegetation in the
cell, transmission model, and emergence of new hotspot areas.

Which Parameters helps to reduce TCH Congestion Rate?

Below mentioned parameters may cause TCH Congestion & also help you to reduce TCH Congestion: 1. TCH Traffic
Busy Threshold(%) 2. RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN 3. SACCH Multi-Frames and Radio Link Timeout 4. SDCCH Dynamic
Adjustment 5. RACH Min.Access Level 6. Speech Version 7. TCH Immediate Assignment 8. Speech Version 9. Fix Abis
Prior Choose Abis Load Threshold 10. Assignment Cell Load Judge Enable 11. Flex Abis Prior Choose Abis Load
Threshold 12. Directed Retry Load Access Threshold 13. Balance Traffic Allowed 14. Load HO Allowed 15. Load HO Step
Period 16. Load HO Step Level 17. Cell Direct Try Forbidden Threshold 18. Direct Retry 19. SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment
20. Direct Retry and Cell Direct Try Forbidden Threshold 21. AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed 22. T3103 23. T3107 24. F2H HO
th/ H2F HO th 25. Maximum Ratio Threshold of PDTCH

How to deal with clock abnormal alarm without frequency meter in

HUAWEI SYSTEM
Many times we are getting "Abnormal Clock Frequency" alarm in our system, find herewith troubleshooting of this alarm in
HUAWEI System without frequency meter. Log on LMT and choose the site has clock abnormal alarm Right click its
GTMU board , choose maintain clock Click on query, you can see some information, one is trace mode Right click “trace
mode”, choose “setting clock” In trace mode, choose “disable trace range limit” and click set. Query again, you can see :
trace mode is disable trace range limit After click set, query board information In clock state, now it’s capture, we need to
wait until “locked”, it lasts about 30 mins or more,1h,2h,……….. After clock state is locked, do step 5 again, we can get the
current value of clock ,remember the current value number. In trace mode, choose “enable trace range limited” ; Click “
set calibration value “ Write the calibration value with the same current value. At last, click set. Query again. Step 3 Make
sure the clock abnormal alarm is cleared and feedback the 3 value : product value , current value , adjust value

The simple truth about LTE

What is LTE? LTE stands for Long Term Evolution and it represents the next step in mobile radio communications after
HSPA. 3GPP is the standardization body behind LTE.Another name for LTE is e-UTRA (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Access). LTE is expected to be the most competitive radio technology in coming years by offering high-data-rates with
low-latency, improving services, lowering the costs and allowing for spectrum refarming thanks to the frequency and
bandwidth flexibility. Some main aspects of LTE are: Peak data rate of 50 / 100 Mbps (uplink 2.5bit/s/Hz / downlink
5bit/s/Hz) Reduced latency enabling RTT (round trip time) <10 ms Packet-optimized Improved spectrum efficiency
between 2- 4 times higher than Release 6 HSPA Frequency flexibility: standard defines 15 FDD and 8 TDD operating
bands Bandwidth scalability with allocations of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Operation in FDD and TDD modes Support
for inter-working with UMTS and non-3GPP systems (i.e. WiMAX) Good level of mobility: optimized for low mobile speeds
(up to 15km/h) but support also high mobile speeds (up to 350km/h) Improved terminal power efficiency

3G vs. 4G Wireless - What is the Difference?

3G is currently the world’s best connection method when it comes to mobile phones, and especially mobile Internet. 3G
stands for 3rd generation as it is just that in terms of the evolutionary path of the mobile phone industry. 4G means 4th
generation. This is a set of standard that is being developed as a future successor of 3G in the very near future. The
biggest difference between the two is in the existence of compliant technologies. There are a bunch of technologies that
fall under 3G, including WCDMA, EV-DO, and HSPA among others. Although a lot of mobile phone companies are quick
to dub their technologies as 4G, such as LTE, WiMax, and UMB, none of these are actually compliant to the specifications
set forth by the 4G standard. These technologies are often referred to as Pre-4G or 3.9G. 4G speeds are meant to exceed
that of 3G. Current 3G speeds are topped out at 14Mbps downlink and 5.8Mbps uplink. To be able to qualify as a 4G
technology, speeds of up to 100Mbps must be reached for a moving user and 1Gbps for a stationary user. So far, these
speeds are only reachable with wired LANs. Another key change in 4G is the abandonment of circuit switching. 3G
technologies use a hybrid of circuit switching and packet switching. Circuit switching is a very old technology that has
been used in telephone systems for a very long time. The downside to this technology is that it ties up the resource for as
long as the connection is kept up. Packet switching is a technology that is very prevalent in computer networks but has
since appeared in mobile phones as well. With packet switching, resources are only used when there is information to be
sent across. The efficiency of packet switching allows the mobile phone company to squeeze more conversations into the
same bandwidth. 4G technologies would no longer utilize circuit switching even for voice calls and video calls. All
information that is passed around would be packet switched to enhance efficiency. Summary: 1. 3G stands for 3rd
generation while 4G stands for 4th generation 2. 3G technologies are in widespread use while 4G compliant technologies
are still in the horizon 3. 4G speeds are much faster compared to 3G 4. 3G is a mix of circuit and packet switching
network while 4G is only a packet switching network

What is Paging Flow Control?

Paging Flow Control is alarm triggered in Ericsson MSC when PCH load is high. Paging flow control alarm for a LAI at the
Ericsson MSC At that time Problem in Terminated Calls.Originating calls have no problems. Also notice that a lot of
discarded pages due to full paging queue but zero or very few discarded pages due to old paging messages. Solution:LAI
split is good solution and also check SDCCH congestion after LAI splitting. Also Check Different value of MFRMS?
MFRMS RELATED TO PAGING GROUPS FOR NCOMB Paging Group=(9-AGBLK)*MFRMS FOR COMB Paging
Group=(3-AGBLK)*MFRMS

How to improve TBF Drop?

There are several ways you can work for TBF Drop. Check frequency in BBH and the retransmission rate in those cells. if
high retransmission --> for sure there is problem on Frequency. Improve C/I (reduce interference) Try use most BCCH
TRX TS for PDCH Make sure (E)GPRS link adaptation is enabled. If frequency change doesn't get good result limit the
(E)GPRS coding scheme up to MCS7 instead of MCS9. MCS7 is more robust than MCS9 Reduce no. of users per PDCH
Check PCU congestion/Utilization

What is 1X,2X in EVDO?

1xEV-DO is a "3G" CDMA standard. EV-DO originally stood for "EVolution, Data-Only", but recently is also referred to as
"EVolution, Data-Optimized". EV-DO provides data rates over 10 times faster than 1xRTT, the previous data technology
for CDMA networks. Unlike some other "1x" standards, EV-DO only addresses data - not voice. It requires a dedicated
slice of spectrum, separate from voice networks using standards such as 1xRTT. There are currently two main versions of
1xEV-DO: "Release 0" and "Revision A". Release 0 is the original version, and the first to be widely deployed. Rel. 0 offers
data rates up to 2.4 mbps, averaging 300-600 kbps in the real world. This is much faster than the 50-80 kbps typically
offered by 1xRTT technology. Revision A integrates most of the faster data technology originally designed for the 1xEV-DV
Revision D standard, and improves latency. These enhancements allow features such as VoIP and video calling. The
downlink (download) theoretical peak data rate compared to Release 0 is improved from 2.4 mbps to 3.1 mbps. In terms
of data speed and general technology evolution, the closest equivalent to EVDO for GSM/WCDMA networks would be
HSDPA. 1xEV-DO is based on a technology initially known as "HDR" (High Data Rate) or "HRPD" (High Rate Packet
Data), developed by Qualcomm. The international standard is known as IS-856.

How to Improve forward Effective throughput in 1X EVDO?

Can anybody explain with parameter? I am From China I am working with Huawei, As per PRactice I Suggess U to get
Highest Throughput Set Below, Active search Window = 80 Neighbor Search Window =80 Remanig Search Window =
100 Why ??? As per EVDO Formula Forward throughput (DRC) based on C/I C/I = Active Pn Strength / Total
Interferance+(Same Pn but Not in Search Window) So If serch Window Increase SO Active Pn Fall More in its Search So
C/i Great So DRC Good So Speed Increase,... Spread Your Knowledge with Different Idea,.... Any body try any other Pls.
Share !!!

What is RSCP & Ec/Io

What is Ec/Io and RSCP? And on what channel are they measured on? Ec/Io & RSCP are terms related to WCDMA.
Ec/Io : It is the ratio of Received power of the carrier to the all over Noise. It is used to measure quality of Pilot Channel.
RSCP : Received Signal Code Power. It is measured after despreading of the signal (Narrowband). It is a some of
RSSI(Received signal strength) and Ec/No in dbm. RSCP (dbm) = RSSI(dbm)+Ec/No(dbm) Difference between RSSI &
RSCP: RSSI - "Receive Signal Strength Indicator", is a circuit to measure the strength of an incoming signal. RSCP :The
Received Signal Code Power is the received power on one DPCH, PRACH or PUSCH code after de-spreading, defined
on the pilot symbols
How to improve DL RX Quality?
Friends, DL rx quality is the one Important KPI which is generally difficult to achieve specially in narrow band spectrum.
Some solutions are: Improve BCCH and TCH plan Count interference % on both BCCH and TCH so as to know any freq
addition/deletion need to do in BCCH or TCH Plan Diversity,Antenna Hopping also improve DL Rx Qual DL DTX also help
to improve DL Qual Neighbour plan must be checked for any discripancies or addition/deletion required
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HUAWEI Specified Power Control Parameters to be
changed to improve Quality: DLRexQualAdjustFactor DLRexLevHighThred DLRexLevLowthred III DL RexLev Protect
Factor III DL RexQual Protect Factor ULRexQualAdjustFactor ULRexLevHighThred ULRexLevLowThred III UL RexLev
Protect Factor

Thread: How to improve HOSR for a 2G system ?

How to improve HOSR for a 2G system ? Pls tell me methods other than neighbour tuning n all for improving HOSR for a
cell. I want to know the parameter which when altered produces quick and efficient improvement in HOSR ? ANS----- Hi
dear, You can do following things to improve HOSR. 1.HOSR is directly related to DL qual so improve network DL qual.
please refer to http://www.telecomsource.net/showthr...-DL-RX-Quality 2. You can also increase timer T3103 in BSC.Make
sure it should be less than T10 atlease by 2 sec. 3. Also check if there are lot of Intracell HO failures.Then check for
Hardware issues or inracell HO theresolds. 4. Try to change PBGT,Qual and Level Margin and see any effect. 5. Check if
MSC controlled HO's are getting failed. 6. Remove Co-BCCH,BSIC combination in neighbour. 7. Remove hardware
alarms

What is the difference between TCH congetion and Blocking?

What is the difference between TCH congetion and Blocking? Dear Experts, How can we diffrenciate between TCH
blocking and Congetion? What is the paratmeter/unit to measure blocking and congetion? TCH Congestion = time when
all resources are occupied (no free TCH available) TCH Blocking = rejected (blocked) attempts over all attempts in %.
Also there is different formulas for TCH blocking. For example in subscriber perceived TCH Blocking all successful
directed retries to another cell are removed from the nominator.

Below mentioned parameters may cause TCH Congestion & also help you to reduce TCH Congestion:

1. TCH Traffic Busy Threshold(%)

2. RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
3. SACCH Multi-Frames and Radio Link Timeout
4. SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment
5. RACH Min.Access Level
6. Speech Version
7. TCH Immediate Assignment
8. Speech Version
9. Fix Abis Prior Choose Abis Load Threshold
10. Assignment Cell Load Judge Enable
11. Flex Abis Prior Choose Abis Load Threshold
12. Directed Retry Load Access Threshold
13. Balance Traffic Allowed
14. Load HO Allowed
15. Load HO Step Period
16. Load HO Step Level
17. Cell Direct Try Forbidden Threshold
18. Direct Retry
19. SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment
20. Direct Retry and Cell Direct Try Forbidden Threshold
21. AMR TCH/H Prior Allowed
22. T3103
23. T3107
24. F2H HO th/ H2F HO th
25. Maximum Ratio Threshold of PDTCH

How Power Control in GSM

Prolong battery life
Reduce network interference
Include both uplink power control and downlink power control
Level and quality are taken into account
BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator
During the process of radio transmission of signals, to reduce the interference, to increase the utilization efficiency of the
frequency spectrum, and to prolong the battery life, the transmission power can be adjusted, that is called power control.
More specifically, the power control refers to adjust the transmission power of the mobile station or base station in the
radio mode within a certain range. Its objective is the same as that of the DTX. When the receiving level and quality is
rather strong, the transmission power at the TX terminal can be reduced appropriately so that the communication can be
kept at a certain level. In this way, the interference on other calls around can be reduced.

(([S9326:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 1/2]+[S9324:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 2/3]+[S9321:Times

of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 3/4]+[S9317:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 4/5])+(([S9323:Times of Downlink
Timeslot Occupancy 1/3]+[S9320:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 2/4]+[S9316:Times of Downlink Timeslot
Occupancy 3/5])*{2})+(([S9319:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 1/4]+[S9315:Times of Downlink Timeslot
Occupancy 2/5])*{3})+([S9314:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 1/5]*{4}))*{100}/(([S9328:Times of Downlink
Timeslot Occupancy 1/1])+(([S9327:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 2/2]+[S9326:Times of Downlink Timeslot
Occupancy 1/2])*{2})+(([S9325:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 3/3]+[S9324:Times of Downlink Timeslot
Occupancy 2/3]+[S9323:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 1/3])*{3})+(([S9322:Times of Downlink Timeslot
Occupancy 4/4]+[S9321:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 3/4]+[S9320:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy
2/4]+[S9319:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 1/4])*{4})+(([S9318:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 5/5]+
[S9317:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 4/5]+[S9316:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 3/5]+[S9315:Times
of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 2/5]+[S9314:Times of Downlink Timeslot Occupancy 1/5])*{5}))