Name: Mary Faustina M.

Cayanan
BS Psychology I-A

Readings in Philippine History

Primary Source Secondary Source

The revolt of the masses: The The Katipunan and the revolution: Memoirs of a
story of Bonifacio and the General by Santiago V. Alvarez
Katipunan by Teodoro
Agoncillo.
Background Alvarez wrote the Memoirs of a General in 1927
are arranged by thirty-six installments from July 24,
1927 to April 15, 1928 in the tagalog weekly,
Sampagita. It is published by the Ateneo De Manila
University in Tagalog with the assistance of Paula
Carolina Malay in the English Translation.
The Philippine Revolution against spanish rule
Started on August 1896 headed and founded four
years earlier by Andres Bonifacio. A confidential
organization named as Katipunan. From Manila,
The secret movement spreads fast to the provinces
of North and south. In Cavite, two political factions
came out; the “Magdiwang” governed by Mariano
Alvarez and the “Magdalo” controlled by Emilio
Aguinaldo.

Santiago Alvarez, the son of Mariano and the

general of the Army on the Magdiwang Side. For
five years he was claimed to the one of who guided
the revolution. He based the memoirs that he wrote
in the notes that he kept from the event of
revolution and records which were entrusted to him.
He’s not only an eyewitness but also an active
participant of the events that written in his work.

. He was already fifty-five years old when he wrote

this. But he felt forced to write so that according to
him he could shed more light on the different facets
of the revolution.in the interest of the honorable
truth. The memoirs begins on the 14th of March
1896, when he accompanied to Manila by his fellow
cavitenos, Emilio Aguinaldo and Reymundo Mata.
Author’s Background Teodoro Andal Agoncillo Santiago Virata Alvarez
(1912-1985) (1872-1930)
A prominent 20th-century Santiago Virata Alvarez, The most valiant
Filipino historian, Teodoro generals of the Philippine Revolution against
Agoncillo was born on Spain, author of the memoirs was born in Imus
November 9, 1912 in Lemery Cavite in 25th of July, 1872.
Batangas a Tagalog province A only child son of a revolutionary leader
southeast of Manila. He Mariano Alvarez and Nicolosa Virata. He also
began writing in the late became a Captain General of the magdiwang
1920s forces of the Kataastaasang,
and early 1930s, his earliest Kagalanggalangang Katipunan nang manga
publications being Tagalog Anak nang Bayan (KKK) in Cavite, Alvarez
poems. He is a well known valiantly fought against the Spaniards from the
and prestigious Historian, outbreak of the revolution in 1896 until 1897.
poet,short story writer,editor revolutionary general and a president of the
and professor. He obtained Nacionalista Party in 1901. He claimed to be
his Bachelor of Philosophy the one of those who guided the revolution and
degree in 1934 and Master of recognized as the “Hero of the Battle of
Arts in 1939 at the University Dalahican”, A bloody thirty sixth hour battle.
of the Philippines. He was
granted the degree of Doctor This Filipino hero revolutionary followed the
of Letters, “Honoris Causa”, footsteps of his father.He became a teacher of
by the Central Philippines the school, forming in several private schools
University in 1969; Linguistic and at the Colegio San Juan de Letran; in this
Assistant, Institute of last graduated also in arts, passing then to the
National Language, 1951- Lyceum of Manila to study law. He is also a
1956:Department Head, member of a secret society “Katipunan”.
Department History,1963-
1969. His prominent books
are History of the Filipino
People, The Revolt of the
Masses: The Story of
Bonifacio and the Katipunan,
Malolos: The Crisis of the
Republic, and The Fateful
Years: Japan’s Adventure in
the Philippines. His
outstanding works in
Philippine literature are
Bahaghari’t Bulalakaw and
 Sa Dalampasigan at Iba Pang
Tula. He awarded as the First
Commonwealth Literary
Contest Award in History,
1940; First Prize for the
Republic Contest on
Bonifacio and the First Epoch
of the Revolution, 1948;
Carlos Palanca Memorial
Award in Philippine
Literature for Short Story
(Tagalog division), 1953;
Philippine Historical
Associations Award for his
outstanding books on history
and literature, 1975; the Diwa
ng Lahi Award from the City
of Manila, 1982; and the
posthumous award as
National Scientist in 1985.

Agoncillo died on January 14,

1985

Sequence of Events