UNIT-I

1. In the integral control of single area system, when the system frequency error is reduced to zero.
a) the integral control output increases but speed changer position attain a constant value
b) The integral control output increases but speed changer position remains constant
c) The integral control output decreases but speed changer position also comes down
d) The integral control output decreases but speed changer position moves up
2. Single control area fitted with proportional plus integral controller is
a) Isochronous and unstable b) isochronous and stable
c) Non-isochronous and unstable d) non-isochronous and stable
3. Load frequency control is achieved by properly matching the individual machines
a) Reactive power. b) Generated voltage c) Turbine inputs d) Turbine and generating ratings
4. Load frequency controller uses
a) Proportion controller alone b) Integral controllers alone
c) Both Proportion and Integral controllers d) Either Proportion or Integral controllers
5. The dynamic response of the two area system is based upon the following assumption
a) Consider the case of two equal areas b) Consider the case of two not equal areas
c) Consider the case of two areas equal to zero d) None of the above
6. Unit of R is
a) Hz/MVAr b) Hz/MVA c) Hz/MW d) Hz-s
7. Unit of B is
a) MVAr /Hz b) MVA /Hz c) MW /Hz d) Hz-s
8. Unit of H of a synchronous machine is
a) MJ /MW b) MJ /MVA c) MJ /S d) MW-s
9. Kinetic energy and frequency of a synchronous machine are related as
a) KE=F b) KE=1/F c) KE=F2 d) KE=1/F2
10. time constant of a power system when compared to a speed governor is
a) Less b)More c)same d) None of these
11. Ina power system ------ are continuously changing
a) Active and reactive power generation b) a) Active and reactive power demands
c) Voltage and its angle d) All of these
12.In a normal state,the frequency and voltage are kept at specified values that carefully maintain a
Balance between
a) Active and reactive power generation b) a) Active and reactive power demands
c) Voltage and its angle d) All of these
13. Real power balance will control the variations in
a) Voltage b)Frequency c) Both d) None of these
14. The excitations of the generations must be continuously regulated
a) To match the reactive power generations with reactive power demand.
b) To control the voltage variations c) Both d) None of these
15. ------is the basic control mechanism in power system
a) LFC b) Voltage c) Both d) None of these
16. The basic function of LFC is
a) To maintain frequency for variations in real power demand
a) To maintain voltage for variations in reactive power demand
a) To maintain voltage and frequency for variations in real power demand
a) To maintain voltage and frequency for variations in reactive power demand
17. A control area system is one in which
a) It is not connected to any other system
b) Total demand on the system should be fully met by its own local generation
c) All the generators swing together d) All of these
18. The heart of the speed governing system, which controls the change in speed is
a) Linkage mechanism b)Fly-ball speed governor c) Speed changer d) Hydraulic amplifier
19. Linkage mechanism provides
a) The moment of control valve in proportional to the inlet steam
b) The feedback from the control valve moment
c) Both d) none of these
20. The primary control loop in generator control is
a) Linkage mechanism b)Fly-ball speed governor c) Speed changer d) Hydraulic amplifier
21. Transfer function of non-reheat type of steam turbine is of ---- order
a) First b) Second c) Third d) Forth
22. The unit of synchronous coefficients ‘T’ is
a) MW-s b) MW/s c) MW-rad d) MW/rad
23. In a two area case,ACE is
a) Change in frequency b) Change in tie-line power
c) linear combination of both (a) and (b) d) None of these
24. Tie-line between two areas usually will be a ---- line
a) HVDC b)HVAC c) normal AC d) None of these
25. When an interconnected power system operates with a tie-line bias, they will respond to
a) Frequency changes only b) Both frequency and tie-line load changes
c) Change in tie-line load only d) None of these

UNIT-II
1. The major reason for low lagging power factor of supply system is due to the use of----
a) Induction motor b) Synchronous motor d) Dc motor d) None of these
2. The maximum value of power factor can be
a)1 b)0.8 c)0.9 d)0.7
3. Power factor can be improved by installing such a device in parallel with load, which takes
a) Lagging reactive power b) Leading reactive power c) Apparent power d) None of these
4. The main reason for low power factor of supply system is due to the use of ------
a)Resistance load b) Inductive load c) Synchronous motor d) All of these
5. An over excited synchronous motor operated on no-load is known as
a) Induction motor b) Synchronous motor d) Dc motor d) Induction generator
6. The only motor that can also be worked at leading power factor can supply mechanical power
a) Induction motor b) Synchronous motor d) Dc motor d) Induction generator
7. The power factor improvement equipment is always placed-------
a) At the generating station b) Near the transformer
c) Near the bus bar d) Near the apparatus responsible for low power factor
8. Reactive power is ------------------power
a)Wattfull b) Wattless c) Loss d) None of these
9. Power factor under natural load is
a) Lagging b) Leading c) Unity d) None of these
10. Load compensation includes
a)P.F correction b)Voltage regulation c) Load balancing d) All of these
11. For a heavy loading condition, a flat voltage profile can be obtained by
a) Series compensation b) Shunt compensation c) Both d)None
12. Series compensation results in
a) Increase in maximum transferable power capacity
b) Decrease in transmission angle for considerable amount of power transfer
c) Increase in virtual surge impedance loading d) All of the above
13. Power transmission through a line improved by
a) Increased by line voltage b) Decreased by line voltage c)Both d) None
 14. For a symmetrical line, the voltage is more at
a) Sending end b)receiving end c)Midpoint d) All of these
15. Loading compensation can be achieved by
a) Installing the compensating equipment near the source
b) Installing the compensating equipment near the load
c) Either a or b d)None
16. Rating of a compensator is
a) MVAr b) Time of response c)Both a and b d) None
17. The different types of tap-changing transformers are
a) Off-load b) On-load c) Both a and b d) None
18. The excitation control method is only suitable --------lines
a) Short b) Medium c) Long d) All of these
19. Motors operate at below normal voltage draw abnormal --------currents
a) Low b) Medium c) High d) None of these
20. By drawing high currents at low voltages, the motors get
a) Overheated b) Cool c) Constant heat d) None of these
21. Disadvantages of shunt capacitors are
a) Fall of voltage b) Reduction in VArs c) Reduction in effectiveness d) All of these
22. ------------- Reduces the inductive reactance between the load and the supply point
a) Shunt reactor b) Shunt capacitor c)series reactor d) Transformer

23. A spark gap with a high speed contactor is the -----used for shunt capacitor
a) Protective device b) Control c) Fuse d) Circuit breaker
24. For a synchronous phase modifier, the load angle is ----
a)00 b)250 c)300 d)500
25. the voltage at the bus can be controlled by the injection of –power of the correct sign
a) Real b) Reactive c) Complex d) Both real and reactive

Unit-III
1. Power balance equation is -----constraint
a) Equality b) Inequality c) Both a and b d) Either a or b
2. When load on a thermal unit is increased, fuel input
a) Increases b) Decreases c) Does not change d) None of these
3. When generators are loaded to equal incremental costs, its results in
a) Minimum fuel costs c) Fuel costs are maximum
b) Fuel costs are not attected d)Maximum loading of the generating units
4. Economic operation of power system is
a) Unit commitment b)Load scheduling c) Controlling voltage d) both a and b
5. Lagrangian multiplier method converts a non-linear constrained optimization problem into ------
Non-linear problem
a) Gradient b) Linear c)Unconstrained d) All of these
6. Unit of heat rate curve is-----------
a) Million kcal/hr b)Rs-hr c)Rs/MWh d)Rs/hr
7. Unit of ⅄ is
a) Rs/hr b) Rs/MWh c)Rs/MW c)MW/Rs
8. Optimization problems with only objective function and without constraints is a -------function
a) Single valued b) Multi valued c) Both a and b d)Either a and b
9. The cost obtained by considering the change in cost of generation to change in real power
generation
a) Fuel cost curve b) Input-output curve d)Incremental cost curve d) All of these
10. Incremental production cost of a given unit is made up of
 a) IC-incremental cost of labour, supplies, maintenance
b) IC+incremental cost of labour, supplies, maintenance
c) IC*incremental cost of labour, supplies, maintenance
d) IC/incremental cost of labour, supplies, maintenance
11. Economic dispatch is done first by ------ and then by------
a) Unit commitment and then load scheduling b) Load scheduling and then unit commitment
c) Either a or b d) Unit commitment and load frequency control
12. Transmission losses are about
a) 50% of the total generation b) 100% of the total generation
a) 5-15% of the total generation b) 75% of the total generation
13. Unit of penalty facto is
a)Rs b)MW-1 c)Rs/MWh d) No units
14. In optimal generation scheduling, the co-ordination wquation for all ‘i’ values is
a) ICi=⅄i b) ICi=⅄i Li a) ICi=⅄i / Li a) ICi=⅄i + Li
15. Transmission loss is
a) A function of real power generation b) Independent of real power generation
c) A function of reactive power generation d) A function of bus voltage magnitude and its angle
16. The derivation of transmission line loss is not based on which assumption
a) All the load currents maintain a constant ratio
b) All the lines in the system have different X/R ratio
c) All the load currents have same phase angle
d) The power factor at each station remains constant.
17. The penalty factor of the ith station is
𝜕𝑃𝐿 1 𝜕𝑃𝐿 𝜕𝑃𝐿
a) Li=1- 𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖 b) Li= 𝜕𝑃𝐿 c) Li=1+ 𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖 d) Li=1*𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖
1−
𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖
18. The incremental cost of received power in Rs/MWh of the ith plant is
𝜕𝐶𝑖 Li 𝜕𝐶𝑖 𝜕𝐶𝑖
a) Li - b) Li= 𝜕𝐶𝑖 c) Li d) Li /
𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖 1− 𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖 𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖
𝜕𝑃𝐺𝑖
19. In solving optimization problem with transmission loss consideration, the condition for optimality is
Obtained as
a) The IC of all the plants must be the same
b) The IC of each plant multiplied with its penalty factor must be the same for all the plants
c) The IC of each plant divided with its penalty factor must be the same for all the plants
d) The IC of each plant subtracted with its penalty factor must be the same for all the plants
20. In the economic operation of a power system, the effect of increased penalty factor between a
generating plant and system load centre is to
a) Decrease the load on the generating plant
b) Increase the load on the plant
c) Hold the plant load constant
d) Decrease the load first and then increase

Unit-IV
1. A unit when scheduled for connection to the system is said to be
a)Loaded b)disconnected c) Committed d) None
2. To determine the units that should operate for a particular load is the problem of
a) Unit commitment b) Optimal load scheduling c) Either a or b d) None
3. To commit a generating unit is
a) To bring it up to speed b) To synchronize it to the system
c) To connect it so that it can deliver power to the network d) All of these
4. Economic dispatch problem is applicable to various units, which of the following is suitable?
a) The units are already on-line
 b) To supply the predicted or forecast load of the system over a future time period
c) both a and b d) None
5. Unit commitment problem plants for best set of units to be available. which of the following
Suitable
a) The units are already on-line
b) To supply the predicted or forecast load of the system over a future time period
c) both a and b d) None
6. Unit commitment problem is of much importance for
a) Scheduling of thermal units b) Scheduling of hydro- units c) Both a &b d)None
7. Thermal unit constraints considered in a UC problem are
a) Minimum up and minimum down times b) Crew constraints c) Start-up costs d) All
8. The stsert-up cost may vary from a maximum cold-start value to a very small value if the thermal
Unit
a) Was only turned off recently. c) Is still operating at normal temperature
b) Is still relatively close to the operating temperature d) Both a and b
10. The constraints considered in UC problem are
a)Thermal constraints and hydro constraints b) Spinning reserve
c) Must-run and fuel constraints d) All of the above
11. The method used for obtaining the solution to a UC problem is
a) Priority-list method b)Dynamic programming method
c) Lagrangian relaxation method d) All of the above
12. In the priority-list method of solving an optimal UC problem
a) Most efficient unit is loaded first to be followed by the less efficient unit in order as load
increases
b) Less efficient unit is loaded first to be followed by the most efficient unit in order as load
increases
c) Most efficient unit is loaded first to be followed by the less efficient unit in order as load
decreases
d) Either a and b
13. In the priority-list method, the units are arranged to commit the load demand in the order of
a) Ascending order b) Descending order c) Either a or b d) Independent of costs of units
14. The chief advantage of the DP method over the enumerate scheme
a) Reduction in time of computation b) Reduction in the dimensionality of the problem
c) Reduction in the number of units d) All of these
15. For preparing the UC table, which of the following is not a criterion?
a) Order of units b) Order of costs of units c) Order of range of load d) All of these
16. In a UC table, unit running or unit committing is indicated by
a) Status 0 b) Status1 c) Status + d) Status >
17. Unit up-time nothing but
a)A unit operating time b) A unit repair time c) A unit total time d) A unit designing time

18. In the DP method, the cost function FN(X) represents

a) Minimum cost in Rs/hr of generation of N MW by X no. of units
b) Minimum cost in Rs/hr of generation of X MW by N no. of units
c) Minimum cost in Rs/hr of generation of N MW by the Xth unit
c) Minimum cost in Rs/hr of generation of X MW by the Nth unit
19. A straightforward but time consuming way of finding the most economical combination of units
to meet a particular load demand is
a) Enumeration scheme b) Priority scheme c) DP method d) All of these.
20. The unscheduled or maintenance outage of various equipments of a thermal plant must be taken
Into account in
 a) Optimal scheduling problem b)UC problem c) LFC problem d)All of these

Unit-V
1. What is SCADA
a) System b) Process c) Software d) Hardware
2. Control in SCADA is
a) Automatic control b) Direct control c) Online control d) Supervisory
3. SCADA is
a) Supervisory control and data acquisition
b) Supervision, control and data acquisition
c) Both a and b d) none
4. SCADA is
a) Real time data acquisition and processing c) Data storing
b) Data monitoring and control d) All of the above
5. Components of a traditional SCADA system
a) RTU b) Central station c) Communication system d) All of the above
6. Components of a modern SCADA system
a) Field devices b) Controllers,remote I/Os and distributed I/Os
b) HMI, SCADA server/clients d) All of the above
7. How many levels in a complex SCADA system
a)2 b)3 c)4 d)5
8. Design tool of SCADA package is dedicated for
a) Project configuration and programming b)Project running
c) System database d) Field device engineering
9. Runtime engine of SCADA package is dedicated for
a) Project configuration and programming b) Project running
c) PLC programming d) Field device engineering
10. SCADA system should have
a)HMI b)alarm processing c)Data log d) All of the above
11. Elements of SCADA system
a) Graphical displays b) Tags c)alarms d) Trends
12. The heart of the system is
a) PLC b) HMI c) Alarm task d) I/O task
13. Alarm task in SCADA is
a) Server b) Client c) Server and client d) None
14. Engineering in SCADA are
a) PLC, PAC programming b) Field device and I/O configuration
c) SCADA programming d) All of these
15. DCS systems need
a) DCS server b) Engineering stations c)SCADA server/clients and PLCs d) all of these
16. The difference between SCADA and DCS is
a) SCADA can connect to many kinds of PLCs
b) DCS can connect to many kinds of PLCs
c) SCADA can connect to OPC clients
d) DCS can connect to OPC clients
17. ClearSCADA suitable for
a) Local manufacturing system b) Discrete applications
c) Machine applications d) Telemetry applications
18. ClearSCADA supports
a) No redundancy b)Double redundancy c) Triple redundancy d) none
19. The programming principle in clearSCADa is