Islamic Studies

Lecture 19 20 21 – Week 7
By: Mrs. Shagufta Perveen
Download at: www.tinyurl.com/islamic2015
In this class

Special Topics from Life of Muhammad PBUH. (Seerat e

Nabawi Saw)

Madina-The 1st Islamic State, Treaty of Madina.

Discussion on Holy Wars especially, Badar, Uhad, Ahzab &
Conquest of Makkah. Hajjah Tul Widah. Departure of Holy
Prophet PBUH.
 Madina – The 1st Islamic State
 After migration, the Islam which was a religion found a
state to implement its rules. Madina was the 1st Islamic
state where 3 tribes of Jews and Oas and Khizraj
accepted Hazrat Muhammad Saw as the ruler of
Madina in accordance with Misaq-e-Madina so the
state of Madina 1st settled the Muhajireen and then
Misaq e Madina was signed. It was a great political
change in Arab. In Makkah, Muslims were not able to
defend their faith, economy due to hardships and
sufferings. They had to face many troubles and
difficulties. In first Islamic state they were able to
defend their faith, economy and their lives.
 Madina – The 1st Islamic State
 In Makkah, Holy Prophet PBUH, could not preach
openly as he could, where as in Madina he got the
chance to preach and explain his faith and show his
followers, how to act upon the commandment of Allah,
he also got the chance to organize his followers into a
disciplined community. In spite the differences of color,
race, social and economic status, Muslims became
one nation and Madina became the place where the
Holy Prophet’s call received response and continued
to grow and expand. The Muslims had to leave their
homes and property, and in some cases, even their
wives and children when they migrated proving that
Allah is the is more important than anything else in
world.
 Madina – The 1st Islamic State
There was three main tribes of Jews.
i. Banu Qareeza
ii. Banu Nazeer
iii. Banu Qaynqa
1. Two other tribes at Madina were Oas and Khizraj.
After and exchange of views with all five tribes Hazrat
Muhammad Saw reached an agreement which
granted equal rights to the jews.
Complete “Charter of Madina” can be found at
http://www.constitution.org/cons/Madina/macharter.htm
Important points that we will discuss in this course are as
follows:
 Charter of Madina
1. All the residents of Madina would collectively defend Madina incase
of a foreign attack.
2. Jews will not give shelter to Quresh or their supporters.
3. If two units in Madina fight and unable to decide their matter, final
decision would be made by made by Prophet Muhammad PBUH.
4. All the people would be equally sharing the War’s expenditure and
income.
5. Ally of Muslims would be considered as ally of jews and allies of
jews would be considered as ally of Muslims.
6. Helping the deprived would be necessary for every one.
7. Fight inside Madina would be prohibited.
8. All the parties would be given religious freedom. No party would
interfere in another’s religious matters.
9. Blood money and ransom would be according to prior traditions.
10. If one of the stakeholder makes a pact of peace with third one, so
the 2nd would also be a part of it.
11. This pact would not be used to benefit a Tyrant of Guilty.
 Charter of Madina
1. By virtue of this agreement, the relations between the
Muslims and the Jews were regulated and a basis for the
governance for Madina was provided. Each section
would have complete freedom of religion and complete
autonomy with regard to tis internal affairs, but would be
knit into an administrative system that would be presided
over by the Holy Prophet.
 Badar
1. Quresh could not bear the expansion and growth of Islam
and Muslims.
2. The increasing strength of Muslims was seen by them as
a threat both to their prestige as custodian of Kaaba and
to their social and economic leader ship. Jews had
entered into the treaty with Holy Prophet PBUH yet they
were not fair minded with Muslims. A rich leader of
Quresh Abu Sufyan was returning from Syria with a
caravan carrying merchandise. There was a rumor that
Muslims will attack their caravan. Quresh dispatched and
army to join Abu Sufyan in Syria. When Abu Sufyan
reached safely, Abu Jahal asked army to attack Madina..
Badar
 Badar
So battle was fought in the field of Badar on 17 Ramadan 2
Hijri. Muslims army was 313 while non-believers were 1000.
After one on one personal combats, collective battle started.
In this battle, fourteen Muslims martyred and seventy non-
believers were killed. Muslims defeated Quresh and
captured their seventy persons. Defeated Quresh returned
to Makkah in sorrow and depression.
For more details refer to the book course book by M.D Zafar.
 Ghazw e Uhad
Uhad is the name of hill lock aobut 2 miles north of Madina.
70 leading men of Quresh were killed in Badar. So they were
furious and impatient for revenge, so three thousand men
left Mecca for fight towards Madina. Holy Prophet PBUH,
consulted his companions about the best strategy for
encounter. He saw the agreed the opinion of majority to fight
out side Madina three miles to the north. The Quresh
camped the foot of the hill known as Uhad. Muslims
advanced towards Uhad with 1000 army. On the way,
Abudulllah Bin Abi, leader of Hypocrites, returned with lame
excuse.
 Ghazw e Uhad
Muslims with seven hundred army reached the camp. Holy
Prophet Saw posted 50 archers to protect the pass in the
Uhad mountain. They were given strict instruction not to
leave their posts. Fight started, Quresh attacked 1st. Muslims
fought bravely under the command of Holy Prophet, killed
and wounded many warriors of Quresh. The Quresh began
to flee in disorder leaving behind a great deal of booty. When
the archers saw the enemy retreating, they left the top of hill
for collection of booty. When Khalid Bin Waleed, a leader of
Quresh saw this, he attacked Muslims from behind. In this
encounter, 70 Muslims were Martyred and 40 injured while
enemy lost only 30 of their men. It caused a great shock to
Muslims but they learned many lessons from the battle of
Uhad.
Ghazw e Uhad
Ghazwa e Uhad
 Ghazwa e Ahzaab

In the battle of Uhad, the Muslims were able to gain their

position. The Quraish could not reconcile themselves with
growing power of Muslims. The Quresh with the help of
other tribes decided to crush Madina. With the news came to
Holy Prophet Saw, he consulted his companions. Hazrat
Salman Farsi advised to dig a trench. Madina was safe on
three sides, fourth side was on Syrian route. Syrian route
was unsafe. Holy Prophet Saw therefore decided that a
trench be dug on that unsafe side.
 Ghazwa e Ahzaab

The armies troops sieged the Madina, it lasted for a month

during which Muslims had to face hypocrites, Banu Qureza,
Hungur, Cold and constant attacks from enemy. Allah
however helped Holy Prophet and Muslims. One night there
was a blast of cold wind. The enemy’s tent was torn up. The
sand and the rain beat their faces. The enemy stricken by
cold and terror from the swear storm, with drew in utter
confusion. This was the end an aggressive power of chiefs
of Mecca. After the battle of Trench, the power of enemy was
broken for ever.
This battle was fought in 5th Hijri.
Ghazwa e Ahzaab
 Fatah e Mecca
Conquest of Mecca: After the treaty of Hudabiya, the Khaza tribe
joined the Muslim while Banu-bakar became ally of the Quresh.
One of the terms of the treaty was neither party would fight an ally
of the other party. In violation of the clause of the treaty, the
Quresh along with Banu Bakar attacked and killed the man of
Banu Khaza. A deputation of Banu Khaza came to Holy Prophet
PBUH and asked for his aid and protection. Holy Prophet Saw
sent a messenger to Quresh offering them three alternatives; i. To
pay compensation of blood money of man of Banu Khaza. ii. To
dissolve their alliance with Banu Bakar iii. To declare that treaty of
Hudabiya stood dissolved. The Quresh took the 3rd option. Holy
Prophet Saw ordered preparation for Jihad. They left Madina on
the 10th of Ramadan 8 A.H. with and army of 10,000 Muslims.
Holy Prophet divided the army in four groups. Holy Prophet
divided the army into four groups and advised that no blood was
to be shed and their were not to fight unless they were attacked.
In case of attack, they should defend themselves.
 Fatah e Mecca
Before entering Mecca, Holy Prophet PBUH announced a general
pardon except for sixteen or seventeen persons who were the
bitterest enemies of Islam. A messenger preceded the Holy
Prophet asking the people to have no fear as no one would be
killed or injured. He also announced that any one who laid down
his arms would be safe. Any one who took refuge in the house of
Abu-Sufyan would be safe. Any one who closes the door of his
house would be safe. All these promises were fully kept and the
entry of Holy of Prophet’s army into Mecca was absolutely
peaceful. Holy Prophet PBUH preceded to Masjid Al Haram and
performed Tawaf. After entering Kaaba he ordered the destruction
of 360 idols which had been placed by non-believers in Kaaba.
The conquest of Mecca opened up a new era in Islam. It
practically settled the struggle for supremacy in Arabia and the
Prophet Saw was elevated to paramount position over the whole
Arabia.
 Hajjatul Wida – Farewell Pilgrimage
The most important event of the 10th year of Hija was the
Holy Prophet’s farewell pilgrimage. The Holy Prophet left
Madina on 25th of Zeqad 10th A.H, in the company of
114,000 of his followers.
 Departure of Holy Prophet PBUH
By the 11th Hijri, faith prevailed all over Arabia and peace
was established throughout the country. In the month of
Safar, Holy Prophet became ill, and on 5th day of his illness,
he shifted to the apartment of Hazrat Ayesha R.A. After an
illness of 13 days, he breadth his last on 12th of Rabi ul
Awwal.
His age at the time of departure was 63 years.
He was buried in the apartment of Hazrat Ayesha (Masjid e
Nabawi)
 Next Week (Week-8)

Special Topics from Life of Muhammad PBUH. (Seerat e Nabawi Saw)

Last address of Holy Prophet, Detailed Discussion on Address of Hajjatul Wida.
(Fair Well Address)
Influence of Islamic civilization on Sub-Continent.
History of World and Human Civilizations, Dynasties of the world and their impact
on human races.
 Present Situation of Islamic World, Influence of Islamic civilization on Sub-
Continent considering Social , Economical , moral , political changes in Sub-
Continent before and after Islam.
 Islamic Studies

Lecture 22 23 24 – Week 8
By: Mrs. Shagufta Perveen
Download at: www.tinyurl.com/islamic2015
 Next Week (Week-8)

Special Topics from Life of Muhammad PBUH. (Seerat e Nabawi Saw)

Last address of Holy Prophet, Detailed Discussion on Address of Hajjatul Wida.
(Fair Well Address)
Influence of Islamic civilization on Sub-Continent.
History of World and Human Civilizations, Dynasties of the world and their impact
on human races.
 Present Situation of Islamic World, Influence of Islamic civilization on Sub-
Continent considering Social , Economical , moral , political changes in Sub-
Continent before and after Islam.
 Hajja Tul Widah

Farewell Sermon or Khutba e Hajja Tul Widah

Accompanied PDF File
 Influence of Islamic Civilization on
Sub continent
Civilization: Civilization includes the religions, faiths, ways
of life, customs, modes of production and consumption,
goals and conceptions of life after death.
The geographical location, human races, ethic divide and
weather, all influence civilization and culture. Symbolic
representation of all these is found in arts, language,
literature, music, ideologies and concept of future. It also
includes manner, social manifestation, political modes of
production, Law, dress, food, Different systems and views
about other civilizations. Basic concepts or ideologies create
civilizations. These concepts or ideologies are based upon
religion or faith, which molds the character of the member of
the society or citizen of a country.
 Civilization of Sub-Continent before
Islam
Indian sub-continent had no political stability in ancient times
and it was devided into many states and sub states always
fighting each other.
Man or mankind was not the central figure in its religious ,
social or economic setup. Eventually, there was no concept
of humanity. The idol or the statures made of stone were
much superior to human beings and among human beings,
there was a division according to which , one class was the
priest, who were the custodians of religious beliefs.
They were called Brahmans.
The 2nd class of the society was meant for running the affaris
fo the state and defending it from enemies or invaders. They
ware called Khashtries.
 Civilization of Sub-Continent before
Islam
The 3rd class included workers , traders, professionals, peasents
etc was called Vaishia. They were the producer of the wealth and
the back bone of economy of the country. They had majorities of
the fourth class at their command.
The fourth class was consisted of un-touchable or the Shudur or
slaves of very inferior category who could not mix up with any of
the above mentioned classes.
This Hindu society had separatist tendency and considered the
other nations , countries and societies impure. It has no concept
of Justice and equality since the whole society was not engaged
in economic productive mode, it was more than conservative.
Education was the exclusive right of the previlliged Barhaman and
Khashtri classes. Their was no gender equality. Women was the
weekedst part of the society deprived of all the rights due to her.
On her birth she was not welcomed and moany of the tribes used
to kill new born girls babies. She had also to die with her husband.
This practice was known as Sati.
 Social Changes
Contrary to the narrow minded-ness of Hindu, the Muslims
had opened the gate of knowledge and education on all the
citizens irrespective of one being rich or poor.
The state gave away large sums in grants to Ulmah for
setting up Madaris and teaching people. There was vigorous
education and literary activity at the capital, and other
centers like Sialkot, Lahore , Ahmad-Abad and Burhan-Pur.
Education in Persian , Arabic and Sansikrat was also
imparted in the educational institutions mainly established in
mosques and temples. In sind and Multan areas, Arabic was
the official language. Local people were given education
through Arabic but at later stages, Persian became official
language of Government and the literary language of higher
classes. Many Hindu poets of Asia are wel-recognized in
Persioan literature produced in sub continent.
 Social Changes
The impact of Islam on thinking and behavior of Hindus was
very significant. A new concept of Human relations ship
began to grow in Hindu society . Almost all the Muslim ports
in India maintained a tradition off encouraging art and
literature. Muslim Nobles and Kings could encourage
popular languages because they were not hampered by the
Hindu. The development of Hindi , Urdu and other
languages, during the Muslim period was the greatest
achievement of Muslims. Local civilizations. Part played by
the Sufi and preachers was much more important. For
instance in Punjab area, Baba Farid R.A used regional
language in 12th and 13th Century. Same was the case with
Bahaud din Zikriya and Abdul Hameed Hakeem R.A.
 Influence on Morality

Reasonable Hindus were made the part of administration . The

courtesy and tolerance shown to them also brought some healthy
changes in short sighted and narrow minded nations. There could
not be any justice in society of four tiers in which one section was
inferior to the other. The Muslims gave almost equal rights to all
the sections of society. The gambling , prostitution, and Dasi
system of temple had the legal sanction of the Hindu society.
Islam prohibited all such practices. These evils decreased. The
Hindu law of inheritance was totally un-just as it did not allow any
share to the women. This male dominated law was also changed
and the women were given the right to have their share in
property and assets.
 Influences on Political System
The sub-continent was divided into small political units and there was
no political stability. There was no unity and urge to secure a better
future for coming generation. Either, there were no institutions or they
were personalized by regional rulers. Social, economic and judicial
sense which helped the Muslims to bring stability by establishing a
powerful government at the center with the state institution which were
responsible for further development of areas under Muslim Rule. The
invade Mulsims inteneded to stay in the area, therefore, they did there
best to establish peace, win over the sympathies of native peole by
providing them security, justice, better administration and condieitons
for the economic activities. All that revolutionized the whole setup of
india and a new era of social, economic and cultural development was
initiated by Muslims which made the sub contitnet a land off prosperity
when the European nations were still groping in the dark. It was the
wealth of the India of Muslim times, which attracted European traders
to have close link with this land and its people. This was golden period
of the History of India after the days of Great Ashoka.
 Next Week (Week-9)

Fundamental Human Rights in Islam

Right to live, Property, Honour, Faith, Equality &

Justice, Rights of Parents, Rights of Teachers.
Rights of Women & Rights of Non-Muslims Islam