How is magento 2.0 different than 1.9 technically speaking?

Why Dependency Management is so important and why Magento2.0 is so unique?

If you will check the modern design or programming paradigm you will realize that NPM and RUBY have
great influence over dependency management and thats how to adapt the same in PHP - community developers
have introduced composer a dependency Management tool which comes in built with magento and it is in the
core of magento . Previously i was thinking about magento1.x.x as more like a platform instead of framework
but magento2.0 in my personal opinion is complete platform + framework .

If you will check you will find magento composer.json file loads tons of packages from symfony2 as well
which in my perspective is great and it opens the door to adapt more and more bundles .

Enforcement to write better code - PHP as a languages is good but i think what makes it great is the
frameworks like symfony2 - please have a look a complete talk of Fabien and the same thing is happening at
magento2.0 core it forces you to write test cases mainly PHP community dont write test cases which is really
bad (i dont think all of them but still ratio is quite large) if you are writing code on ruby or any other it forces
you to write the test cases from the very beginning and magento2.o does the same . You may check magento2.0
github for that.

So framework forces you the write the better code. So as I think magento2.0 having a great tech stack but that
can be opted in magento1.9.x as well i am more kind of happy because of brilliant design paradigms

 Magento 2.x is Compatible with more Popular Platforms like Oracle,MSSQL

 Magento 2.x supports HTML 5 Magento 1.x does not.
 Magento 2.x uses composer for managing dependancies. Magento 1.x had no such facility
 PSR Compliance in Magento 2.x
 Magento 2.0 allows developer to setup automated test easily. There was no such provision in Magento
1.x
 Magento 1.x uses APIs whereas Magento2.x uses Service contracts
 Reduced table locking in Magento 2.x. Magento 1.x uses more database heavy operations
comparatively.
 Full page caching comes as a built-in feature in Magento 2.x. You need to install external modules in
Magento 1.x for this functionality.
 Built in features like RMA, personalization, gift registry and gift points, advanced customer
segmentation, better PCI compliance.
 Magento 1.x are based on Zend Framework. Magento 2.x is based on Magento Framework and various
other frameworks like symfony
 Magento 1.x used PrototypeJS widely. Magento 2.x is based on jQuery
 The architecture is more component oriented - If you donot need any module you can disable it without
hacking other modules or worrying about it affecting the functionality of other modules.
 Better and streamlined checkout flow
 Very obvious change is in the directory structure
 Better security in Magento 2.x
Magento 2.x supports some of the technologies like following which Magento 1.9 does't

 nodeJs
 KnowkoutJs
 CSS pre-processor – LESS
 JavaScript Task Runner – Grunt
 M2 framework – Composition of Zend Framework
 Bootstrap composer
 ui_component
 Dependency Injection
 requireJs
 Asynchronous Module Definition (AMD) & SHIM
 PHP Standard Recommendations (PSR)
 PHP 5.5 to 7 [Traits, ]
 Redis – Key Value Cache Storage Engine
 Varnish 4.0 HTTP accelerator
 CSS3
 HTML5
 Xdebug – Debugger and Profiler Tool for PHP
 Command Line Tool
 Reflection
 Interception
 phpunit
 symfony

Technical aspects of Magento 1.x that have been brought over into the Magento 2 platform. Specifically:

 Design is handled completely differently. You will need to completely rework the design files from a
Magento 1.x site.
 All extensions are different. None of the Magento 1.x extensions will work on the 2.0 platform without
being recoded from the ground up.
 Magento 2 has three different modes: developer, default and production; Magento 1.9 does not have
these.
 Magento 2 has full page caching built into the Community (free) version of the site. It wasn't available
on Magento 1.9, and even the full page caching in the Enterprise edition isn't quite as good as the new
Magento 2 full page cache. I've written about this quite a bit in the past, but what Magento 2 does is it
will pre-build your pages when in production mode, so your site doesn't have to get bogged down trying
to build big category pages with a ton of database calls.
 Magento 2 has Varnish 4 support built in. Varnish is another technology that's amazing. We run it on
our site. Instead of using the file system for caching, it stores pages and other assets in RAM, and serves
them even more quickly.

 Magento 2 has a much more streamlined checkout process

as well - it assumes a guest checkout, so you don't have to
worry about logging in with your old password that you don't
remember, etc.