VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT MAPPING PROCEDURES

I. INTRODUCTION

The following sample exercise shall cover the GIS based vulnerability assessment of
erosion impact to the forestry sector. It will be subdivided into four general parts,
namely:

1) Computation of the Sensitivity Value - is the computed measure of the “degree to

which a system will respond to a change in climatic conditions” (UPLBFI, 2010). The
sensitivity value will be based on a set of recommended sub-indicators.
2) Computation of the Exposure Value - is the computed measure of the extent of the
ecosystem or human settlements as well as the types and value of assets that are at
risk or most likely to be affected by the climate change impact. The exposure
indicator value will be based on the recommended exposure sub-indicators.
3) Computation of the Adaptive Capacity Value - is the computed measure of the
“general ability of institutions, systems, and individuals to adjust to potential harms
such as climate change” (Adapted from Kovats et al., 2003, as cited in the Philippine
SNC project). The adaptive capacity indicator value will be based on the
recommended sub-indicators.
4) Computation of the Vulnerability Index - the degree or level of vulnerability of the
sector to the particular climate change impact. The vulnerability index will be based
on the sum of the weighted indicator values.

II. SENSITIVITY INDICATORS

A. Sensitivity Value Sub-Indicator Thematic Map Preparation

1.0 Open the Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry Sector indicator

summary matrix. This matrix will serve as a guide in the preparation of the GIS
vector datasets.

2.0 Scrutinize the sub-indicator weights for the sensitivity indicators. You will notice
that each sub-indicator will have a corresponding indicator weight. The sub-
indicator weight indicates the contribution of that particular sub-indicator to the
final sensitivity value. The final sensitivity value is the sum of the weighted rating
of the various sub-indicators. The higher the weight, the higher the influence of
the sub-indicator to the sensitivity value. Proceed by assigning the proper
weights per sub indicator. The indicated weights shall be inputted in a sub
indicator weight field in the attribute table of the vector shapefile

3.0 Now browse the various scale classifications and its corresponding scale rating.
Scale rating per classification will range from a minimum score of 0.2 to a
 maximum of 1.0. A score of 0.2 is a numerical rating that corresponds to a “very
low” contribution to sensitivity. A score of 1.0 is interpreted as the scale
classification that has a “very high” contribution to sensitivity. These sub
indicator scale classification ratings are prescribed and are based from
consultations with mandated agencies.

4.0 Let us first prepare the slope sub indicator map. In ArcGIS, open the
slope_sensitivity.shp. Open and scrutinize the attribute table. You will notice
that the table contains the various slope classification/categories. This field
contains the raw slope categories per polygon record. However, to prepare one
sub-indicator map, user must assign the numerical sub-indicator weight, the
scale classification rating, and compute for the weighted rating.

5.0 Add three fields using the recommended field header labels and value field
format. First add the sub-indicator weight field. In the attribute table, click
options > add field, you will notice an add field window. Input the recommended
field header label > for the field type, select float > type 10 as the precision >
input 5 as the scale > click ok. You will notice a new field was added in the
attribute table.

FIELD HEADER TYPE AND

FIELD Description
LABEL FORMAT

Sub-indicator weight The field containing the numerical sub-indicator Slope_W Float, Precision 10,
weight in decimals. Refer to your accomplished
Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry
Scale 5
Sector indicator summary matrix for the sub-
indicator weights.

Sub indicator scale rating
The field containing the numerical scale Slope_R Float, Precision 10,
classification ratings. Refer to your
accomplished Sample Vulnerability_Erosion
Scale 5
Impact_Forestry Sector indicator summary
matrix for the classification rating per sub
indicator scale.

Sub indicator weighted rating The computed weighted rating derived from Slope_WR Float, Precision 10,
multiplying the weight and the scale rating.
Scale 5

Note: field label indicated in red will vary depending on the sub-indicator (i.e Slope, Soil, Land Cover etc). The field sub labels W, R and WR will be
retained for all sub-indicators pertaining to weight, rating and weighted rating respectively, The field header label per sub-indicator will be enumerated
in the succeeding steps.

6.0 Add the two remaining fields, namely the rating and weighted rating field
following the steps outlined in step 5.

7.0 Since all records within a particular sub-indicator will have the same weight, user
can do a batch field edit and assign the proper weight for the sub-indicator. In
the attribute table, click the Slope_W field > select the field calculator tool. You
will notice the field calculator input window.
 8.0 In the field calculator input menu, type the corresponding weight of 0.3 (30%
weight) of the slope sub-indicator > click Ok. You will notice that all records will
have similar values in the Slope_W field.

9.0 Now assign the scale rating for each slope category. As a rule of thumb, the
higher the slope the higher the scale classification rating. Rating values will have
0.2, 0.4, 0.6. 0.8. 1.0 numerical rating classified as very low, low, moderate, high
and very text rating respectively. Refer to the Sample Vulnerability_Erosion
Impact_Forestry Sector indicator summary matrix on the recommended scale
rating per slope category. You can use the sample scale classification for slope as
presented below.

Table 1. Scale rating per slope category

Slope Scale Classification Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description

50% and Above 0.3 1.0 Very High

30-50% 0.3 0.8 High

18-30% 0.3 0.6 Moderate
8-18% 0.3 0.4 Low
8% and below 0.3 0.2 Very Low

10.0 Input the scale classification numerical rating per slope category. let us first
assign the scale rating records with 0-8% slope. Use the select by attributes tool
to select all records falling within the 0-8% slope. Open the attribute table >
Options > Select by attributes tool, you will notice a the select by attributes
window.

11.0 In the select by attributes window, double click the field header containing the
slope classification *SlopeClass+ > press the equal sign “=” > press the unique
values button > double click “0-8%” > click Ok, you will notice that all records
with a “0-8%” values in the *SlopeClass+ field are highlighted. The sample
selection syntax should look something like this:

"SlopeClass" = '0-8%'

Note: Selection syntax may vary depending on the slope labels in your slope class field.
The sample selection syntax string will only apply to the sample map data
provided. Adjust the selection field if you are using local provincial datasets.

12.0 Input the scale classification rating for the 0-8% slope records. Right click the
Slope_R field > select field calculator, you will notice the field calculator window.
In the field calculator window, input 0.2 > click Ok. You will notice that all
highlighted records (0-8% slope) have a 0.2 rating value in the Slope_R field.
13.0 Now assign the corresponding scale classification rating for the rest of the slope
categories using the steps outlined in step 11. You can refer to table 1 on the
recommended scale rating per slope category. Make sure that all slope
categories have the assigned scale rating.

14.0 Compute for the weighted rating by multiplying the values in the Slope_W and
Slope_R fields. Right click the Slope_WR field > select field calculator, you will
notice the field calculator window. In the field calculator window, double click
the Slope_W in the list of fields > click the asterisk sign “*” (the asterisks sign is
the multiplication character function) > double click the Slope_R in the list of
fields > click OK. you will notice that all records will have a corresponding
weighted rating score. You syntax should look similar to this:

[Slope_W]* [Slope_R]

15.0 Prepare a thematic slope map using the recommended cartography standards.
Following the standard color scheme for each slope category and class rating.
Map the Slope_R values. You can choose to use the standard template maps
provided. Refer to Map 1 on the sample sub-indicator slope map. The
recommended symbology color scheme will apply to all sensitivity indicator
thematic maps but will have legend label categories depending on the type of
sub-indicator map.

Table 2. Recommended slope symbologies

Symbology
(Scale Rating Range), Slope Category Scale Description
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 (1.0), 50% and Above Very High

255/170/0 (0.8), 30-50% High
255/255/0 (0.6), 18-30% Moderate
170/255/0 (0.4), 8-18% Low
38/115/0 (0.2), 8% and below Very Low
 16.0 Prepare sensitivity sub-indicator annual rainfall thematic map. Add the
Rainfall_Sensitivity.shp and open the attribute table. Scrutinize the attribute
information. You will notice an MMmax field which contains the maximum
observed annual rainfall (mm). Values in this field will be used to assign the
ratings per annual rainfall range.

17.0 Add three additional fields that will contain the sub-indicator weight, scale rating
and weighted rating.

FIELD HEADER
FIELD Description TYPE AND FORMAT
LABEL

Sub-indicator weight The field containing the numerical sub-indicator Rain_W Float, Precision 10,
weight in decimals. Refer to your accomplished
Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry
Scale 5
Sector indicator summary matrix for the sub-
indicator weights.

Sub indicator scale rating
The field containing the numerical scale Rain_R Float, Precision 10,
classification ratings. Refer to your accomplished
Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry
Scale 5
Sector indicator summary matrix for the
classification rating per sub indicator scale.

Sub indicator weighted rating The computed weighted rating derived from Rain_WR Float, Precision 10,
multiplying the weight and the scale rating.
Scale 5

Note: field label indicated in red will vary depending on the sub-indicator (i.e Slope, Soil, Land Cover etc). The field sub labels W, R and WR will be retained for all sub-
indicators pertaining to weight, rating and weighted rating respectively, The field header label per sub-indicator will be enumerated in the succeeding steps.

18.0 Do a batch edit for all records and input the weight of the sub-indicator in the
Rain_W field. In the attributes table, right click the Rain_W field > select the field
calculator tool, you will notice the field calculator window.

19.0 In the field calculator window type in pane, input the weight of the sub-indicator
of “0.25”. This is interpreted as annual rainfall having a 25% sub-indicator weight
to the sensitivity value.

20.0 Now input the various scale rating per annual rainfall range. You can use the
sample scale classification and rating for annual rainfall as presented below.

Table 3. Scale rating per rainfall category

Annual Rainfall Range Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description

>3,000 0.25 1.0 Very High

2,500 – 3,000 0.25 0.8 High
2,000 – 2,500 0.25 0.6 Moderate
 Table 3. Scale rating per rainfall category
Annual Rainfall Range Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description

1,500 – 2,000 0.25 0.4 Low

<1,500 0.25 0.2 Very Low

21.0 Now input the scale rating for annual rainfall of less than 1,500mm. Use the
select by attributes tool to select records falling within the <1,500mm range. In
the attribute table, click options > select by attributes > double click the MMmax
in the list of fields > click the “<“ sign > click the get unique values button >
double click 1500 > click Apply. You will notice that all records below 1500 were
selected. You syntax should look similar to this:

"MMmax" < 1500

22.0 Assign the proper scale rating in the Rain_R field for all selected records as a
result of the previous step. In the attributes table, right click the Rain_R field >
select the field calculator tool > type in “0.2” > Click Ok.

23.0 Now input the scale rating for annual rainfall of equal or more than 1,500mm but
equal or less than 2,000. In the attribute table, click options > select by attributes
> double click the MMmax in the list of fields > click the “>= “ sign > click the get
unique values button > double click 1500 > click the “AND” button > double click
the MMmax field > click the “<=” sigh > double click the 2000 in the list of unique
values (you can also choose to type the numbers) > click Apply. Your selection
syntax should look similar to this:

"MMmax" >= 1500 AND "MMmax" <= 2000

24.0 Assign the proper scale rating in the Rain_R field for all selected records as a
result of the previous step. In the attributes table, right click the Rain_R field >
select the field calculator tool > type in “0.4” > Click Ok.

25.0 Repeat the step and input the proper rating per annual rainfall range. You can
use the following selection syntax to select the proper records per annual rainfall
range. Input the corresponding scale rating in the Rain_R field.

Table 4. Sample annual rainfall range values selection syntaxes and scale ratings
Scale Rating (To be inputted
Annual Rainfall Range Selection Syntax
in the Rain_R field)

"MMmax" > 3000

>3,000 1.0
"MMmax" > 2500 AND "MMmax" <= 3000
2,500 – 3,000 0.8
 Table 4. Sample annual rainfall range values selection syntaxes and scale ratings
Scale Rating (To be inputted
Annual Rainfall Range Selection Syntax
in the Rain_R field)

"MMmax" > 2000 AND "MMmax" <= 2500

2,000 – 2,500 0.6
"MMmax" >= 1500 AND "MMmax" <= 2000
1,500 – 2,000 0.4
"MMmax" < 1500
<1,500 0.2

26.0 Compute for the weighted rating by multiplying the values in the Rain_W and
Rain_R fields. Right click the Rain_WR field > select field calculator, you will
notice the field calculator window. In the field calculator window, double click
the Rain_W in the list of fields > click the asterisk sign “*” (the asterisks sign is
the multiplication character function) > double click the Rain_R in the list of
fields > click OK. you will notice that all records will have a corresponding
weighted rating score. You syntax should look similar to this:

[Rain_W]* [Rain_R]

27.0 Prepare a thematic annual rainfall map using the recommended cartography
standards. Following the standard color scheme for each annual rainfall range
category. You can choose to use the standard template maps provided. Refer to
Map 2 on the sample sub-indicator annual rainfall map.

Table 5. Recommended annual rainfall symbologies

Symbology (Scale Rating Range), Annual Rainfall
Scale Description
(R/G/B) Category

230/0/0 >3,000 Very High

255/170/0 2,500 – 3,000 High
255/255/0 2,000 – 2,500 Moderate
170/255/0 1,500 – 2,000 Low
38/115/0 <1,500 Very Low

28.0 Prepare the land cover and soil sub-indicator maps. You can use the
recommended field header labels below when adding the required fields in the
attribute table.
 Sub-indicator Field header labels

thematic map
Weight Rating Weighted rating

Soil Soil_W Soil_R Soil_WR

Land Cover LandCov_W LandCov_R LandCov_WR

Note: All field values will be float in type, with a precision of 10 and a scale of 5.

29.0 Assign the proper weights and input the values in the sub-indicator weight field.
Use a weight of 0.2 (20%) and 0.25 (25%) for both soil and land cover
respectively. Input the weights in the Soil_W and LandCov_W fields.

30.0 Assign the proper scale classification rating in the sub-indicator rating field per
soil, land cover and annual rainfall scale classification (use the select by
attributes tool). Refer to the recommended scale classification and ratings as
presented below.

Table 6. Soil class sub-indicator ratings

Soil Class Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description

Sand 0.2 1 Very high

Silt Loam 0.2 0.8 High
Loam 0.2 0.8 High
Clay 0.2 0.6 Moderate
Clay Loam 0.2 0.6 Moderate
Clay stony phase 0.2 0.6 Moderate
Rough Broken Land 0.2 0.2 Very Low
Undifferentiated 0.2 0.2 Very Low
 Table 7. Land cover class sub-indicator ratings
Land Cover Class Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description

Other land, cultivated, annual crop 0.25 1 Very high

Other land, cultivated, perennial crop 0.25 0.8 High
Other land, natural, grassland 0.25 0.8 High
Other wooded land, shrubs 0.25 0.6 Moderate
Other wooded land, wooded grassland 0.25 0.6 Moderate
Forest plantation, broadleaved 0.25 0.4 Low
Open forest, broadleaved 0.25 0.4 Low
Other land, built-up area 0.25 0.2 Very Low
Inland water 0.25 0 Very Low

31.0 Compute for the weighted rating per sub-indicator map and reflect the
computation per record in the sub-indicator weighted rating field (sub-
indicator_RW). Multiply the values in the sub-indicator_W with the sub-
indicator_R fields. For Soil the calculation syntax will look similar to this:

[Soil_W]* [Soil_R]

32.0 Prepare a thematic map per sub-indicator by mapping the scale rating with
supplemental sub-indicator class.

33.0 At this point, you should have prepared four (4) sub indicator thematic maps for
the sensitivity indicator namely slope, soil, land cover, and annual rainfall. The
datasets should have the necessary weight, rating and weighted rating fields per
sub-indicator map. These fields will be a major input for the computation of the
sensitivity value. Use the same symbologies per class rating. Refer to the sample
sub indicator maps below.

B. Combining All Sensitivity Sub-Indicators And Computing For The Sensitivity Value

This major step involves the unioning of all input sub-indicator thematic map to
generate a composite sensitivity map. The sensitivity value will be based on the sum of
weighted ratings per record which are indicated in the weighted rating fields per sub-
indicator. The sensitivity value per polygon/record will depend on the combination of
sub-indicators and their weighted ratings which are present in a particular site.

34.0 Union all the sub-indicator datasets into one sensitivity indicator composite map.
In the arctoolbox menu, type in union > double click the union (analysis) tool,
you will notice a union calibration window.

35.0 In the input features drop down menu, select the slope, soil, land cover and
annual rainfall layers > navigate to a save location path (you can use
 C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Vulnerability Assessment\Sensitivity) > save
the file as Sensitivity_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp > click Ok. You will
notice that the tool will process your union request. (Note: For ArcGIS user
without the necessary ArcINFO type license, you can only union two layers at a
time, in such cases union the processed map to another sub indicator map until
all maps have been combined)

36.0 Once the union process is complete, add the shapefile in your table of contents
and open the attribute table. Observe that the attribute table information of all
four input layers are included in your composite sensitivity shapefile. Your
attribute information should have the sub-indicator weight, scale classification
ratings, and weighted scale ratings of all the input sub-indicators.

37.0 In the attribute table, add a field that will contain the computed sum of the
weighted rating of all sub-indicators. Label the field as Sense_Val (Sensitivity
Value) as a float with precision 10 and scale 5.

38.0 Compute for the sum of the weighted average using the field calculator tool.
Right click the Sense_Val field > select the field calculator tool, you will notice a
field calculator window.

39.0 In the field calculator window input the sensitivity value computation syntax,
double click the Slope_WR (computed weighted rating of the slope sub-
indicator) > click the plus operation “+” > double click the Soil_WR field
(computed weighted rating of the soil sub-indicator) > click the plus operation
“+”> double click the LandCov_WR field (computed weighted rating of the land
cover sub-indicator) > click the plus operation “+”> double click the Rain_WR
field (computed weighted rating of the annual rainfall sub-indicator) > click OK.
Your computation syntax should look similar to this:

[Slope_WR] + [Soil_WR] + [LandCov_WR]+ [Rain_WR]

40.0 The resulting values per record is the sensitivity value based on the unique
combination of soil, slope, land cover and annual rainfall variables of a particular
site based on the vector map overlaying.
 41.0 Prepare a forestry sector sensitivity to erosion map by mapping the values in the
Sense_Val field using the recommended symbology and legend sensitivity
categories. Refer to the sample sensitivity of forestry sector to erosion impact
map.

Table 8. Recommended sensitivity value symbologies

Symbology
(Sensitivity Value Range), Sensitivity Category
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 (>0.8-1.0), Very High

255/170/0 (>0-6-0.8), High
255/255/0 (>0.4-0.6), Moderate
170/255/0 (>0.2-0.4), Low
38/115/0 (0-0.2), Very Low

(1) Land Cover Sub Indicator Map (2) Soil sub-indicator map
 III. EXPOSURE INDICATORS

A. Exposure Value Sub-Indicator Thematic Map Preparation

Similar to the preparation of the sensitivity value using the four input sub-indicators,
exposure will all follow the same procedure. Computing for the exposure value will
depend on the input sub-indicators, in this example, extent of forest denudation and
cultivated areas. The input thematic maps will be prepared where each sub-indicator
map will contain the exposure sub-indicator weights, scale ratings and the computed
weighted rating. The sub-indicator maps will be unioned and the composite exposure
value will be computed.

42.0 Let us first prepare the denuded areas sub indicator map. In ArcGIS, open the
DenudedAreas_exposure.shp. Open and scrutinize the attribute table. You will
notice that the table contains the various extent of forest denudation. This field
contains the raw extent of denudation categories per polygon record. However,
to prepare one sub-indicator map, user must assign the numerical sub-indicator
weight, the scale classification rating, and compute for the weighted rating.

43.0 Add three fields using the recommended field header labels and value field
format. First add the sub-indicator weight field. In the attribute table, click
options > add field, you will notice an add field window. Input the recommended
field header label > for the label type, select float > type 10 as the precision >
input 5 as the scale > click ok. You will notice a new field was added in the
attribute table. Repeat the steps to add the remaining fields.

FIELD HEADER
FIELD Description TYPE AND FORMAT
LABEL

Sub-indicator weight
The field containing the numerical sub-indicator weight in Denu_W Float, Precision 10, Scale
decimals. Refer to your accomplished Sample
Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry Sector indicator
5
summary matrix for the sub-indicator weights.

Sub indicator scale rating
The field containing the numerical scale classification Denu_R Float, Precision 10, Scale
ratings. Refer to your accomplished Sample
Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry Sector indicator
5
summary matrix for the classification rating per sub
indicator scale.

Sub indicator weighted rating The computed weighted rating derived from multiplying the Denu_WR Float, Precision 10, Scale
weight and the scale rating.
5

44.0 Assign the weight of the denuded areas sub-indicator. In this example use a
weight of 0.5 (50%). Open the attribute table and right click the Denu_W field >
 select the field calculator > in the input pane, type in 0.5. This will set the weight
of the sub-indicator to 50%.

45.0 Proceed and input the proper scale rating depending on the extent of forest
denudation. Use the proper selection syntax and use the field calculator to input
recommended scale ratings per class. Refer to the table below for the
corresponding rating per scale classification.
 Table 9. Extent of forest denudation scale ratings
Extent of denuded areas
Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description
range

>50% of forest area 0.5 1.0 Very High

41-50% of forest area 0.5 0.8 High
31-40% of forest area 0.5 0.6 Moderate
21-30% 0.5 0.4 Low
<20% of forest area 0.5 0.2 Very Low
N/A 0.5 0 Not Applicable

46.0 Compute for the weighted rating by multiplying the values in the Denu_W and
Denu_R fields. Right click the Denu_WR field > select field calculator, you will
notice the field calculator window. In the field calculator window, double click
the Denu_W in the list of fields > click the asterisk sign “*” (the asterisks sign is
the multiplication character function) > double click the Denu_R in the list of
fields > click OK. you will notice that all records will have a corresponding
weighted rating score. You syntax should look similar to this:

[Denu_W]* [Denu_R]

47.0 Prepare a denuded areas exposure map by displaying the values in the scale
rating (values in the Denu_R field). Use the recommended symbology for each
extent of forest denudation class.

Table 10. Recommended extent of forest denudation symbologies

Symbology
Extent of Forest Denudation Scale Description
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 (1.0), >50% of forest area Very High

255/170/0 (0.8) 41-50% of forest area High
 Table 10. Recommended extent of forest denudation symbologies
Symbology
Extent of Forest Denudation Scale Description
(R/G/B)

255/255/0 (0.6) 31-40% of forest area Moderate

170/255/0 (0.4) 21-30% Low
38/115/0 (0.2) <20% of forest area Very Low
255/255/255 Not Applicable Not Applicable

48.0 Now prepare the cultivated areas sub indicator map. In ArcGIS, open the
CultivatedAreas_exposure.shp. Open and scrutinize the attribute table. You will
notice that the table contains the various extent of cultivated areas. However, to
prepare one sub-indicator map, user must assign the numerical sub-indicator
weight, the scale classification rating, and compute for the weighted rating.

49.0 Add three fields using the recommended field header labels and value field
format. First add the sub-indicator weight field. In the attribute table, click
options > add field, you will notice an add field window. Input the recommended
field header label > for the label type, select float > type 10 as the precision >
input 5 as the scale > click ok. You will notice a new field was added in the
attribute table. Repeat the steps to add the remaining fields.

FIELD HEADER
FIELD Description TYPE AND FORMAT
LABEL

Sub-indicator weight The field containing the numerical sub-indicator Cul_W Float, Precision 10,
weight in decimals. Refer to your accomplished
Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry
Scale 5
Sector indicator summary matrix for the sub-
indicator weights.

Sub indicator scale rating
The field containing the numerical scale Cul_R Float, Precision 10,
classification ratings. Refer to your accomplished
Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry
Scale 5
Sector indicator summary matrix for the
classification rating per sub indicator scale.

Sub indicator weighted rating The computed weighted rating derived from Cul_WR Float, Precision 10,
multiplying the weight and the scale rating.
Scale 5

Note: field label indicated in red will vary depending on the sub-indicator (i.e Slope, Soil, Land Cover etc). The field sub labels W, R and WR will be retained for all sub-
indicators pertaining to weight, rating and weighted rating respectively, The field header label per sub-indicator will be enumerated in the succeeding steps.

50.0 Assign the weight of the cultivated areas sub-indicator. In this example use a
weight of 0.5 (50%). Open the attribute table and right click the Cul_W field >
 select the field calculator > in the input pane, type in 0.5. This will set the weight
of the sub-indicator to 50%.

51.0 Proceed and input the proper scale rating depending on the extent of cultivated
areas. Use the proper selection syntax and use the field calculator to input
recommended scale ratings per class. Refer to the table below for the
corresponding rating per scale classification.

Table 11. Extent of cultivated areas within forested areas class rating
Extent of Cultivated areas
Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description
range

>50% of forest area 0.5 1.0 Very High

>40-50% of forest area 0.5 0.8 High
>30-40% of forest area 0.5 0.6 Moderate
>20-30% 0.5 0.4 Low
<=20% of forest area 0.5 0.2 Very Low
N/A 0.5 0 Not Applicable

52.0 Compute for the weighted rating by multiplying the values in the Cul_W and
Cul_R fields. Right click the Cul_WR field > select field calculator, you will notice
the field calculator window. In the field calculator window, double click the
Cul_W in the list of fields > click the asterisk sign “*” (the asterisks sign is the
multiplication character function) > double click the Cul_R in the list of fields >
click OK. you will notice that all records will have a corresponding weighted
rating score. You syntax should look similar to this:

[Cul_W]* [Cul_R]

53.0 Prepare a denuded areas exposure map by displaying the values in the scale
rating (values in the Cul_R field). Use the recommended symbology for each
extent of forest denudation class.
 Table 12. extent of cultivated areas within forested areas symbologies
Symbology
Extent of Forest Denudation Scale Description
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 >50% of forest area Very High

255/170/0 >40-50% of forest area High

255/255/0 >30-40% of forest area Moderate
170/255/0 >20-30% Low
38/115/0 <=20% of forest area Very Low
255/255/255 N/A Not Applicable

B. Combining All Exposure Sub-Indicators And Computing For The Exposure Value

This step involves the unioning of all input exposure sub-indicator thematic maps to
generate a composite exposure map. The exposure value will be based on the sum of
weighted ratings per record which are indicated in the weighted rating fields per sub-
indicator. The sensitivity value per polygon/record will depend on the combination of
sub-indicators in a particular site based on the vector based map overlay.

54.0 Union all the datasets into one exposure composite map. In the arctoolbox
menu, type in union > double click the union (analysis) tool, you will notice a
union calibration window.

55.0 In the input features drop down menu, select the denuded areas, and cultivated
areas layers > navigate to a save location path (you can use
C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Vulnerability Assessment\Exposure) > save
the file as Exposure_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp > click Ok. You will
notice that the tool will process your union request.

56.0 Once the union process is complete, add the shapefile in your table of contents
and open the attribute table. Observe that the attribute information of the two
input layers are included in your composite exposure shapefile. You attribute
information should have the sub-indicator weight, scale classification ratings,
and weighted scale ratings of the two sub-indicators.

57.0 In the attribute table, add a field that will contain the computed sum of the
weighted ratings of all sub-indicators. Label the field as Expo_Val (Exposure
Value) as a float with precision 10 and scale 5.
58.0 Compute for the sum of the weighted average using the field calculator tool.
Right click the Expo_Val field > select the field calculator tool, you will notice a
field calculator window.

59.0 In the field calculator window input the sensitivity value computation syntax,
double click the Denu_WR (computed weighted rating of the extent of denuded
forest areas sub-indicator) > click the plus operation “+” > double click the
Cul_WR field (computed weighted rating of the extent of cultivated areas sub-
indicator) > click OK. Your computation syntax should look similar to this:

[Denu_WR] + [Cul_WR]

60.0 The resulting values per record is the exposure value based on the unique
combination of extent of forest denudation and cultivated areas of a particular
site based on the vector map overlaying.

61.0 Prepare a forestry sector exposure to erosion map by mapping the values in the
Expo_Val field using the recommended symbology and legend exposure
categories. Refer to the sample exposure map.

Table 13. Exposure value symbologies

Symbology
(Exposure Value Range), Exposure Category
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 (>0.8-1.0), Very High

255/170/0 (>0-6-0.8), High
255/255/0 (>0.4-0.6), Moderate
170/255/0 (>0.2-0.4), Low
38/115/0 (0-0.2), Very Low
 IV. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY INDICATORS

A. Adaptive Capacity Sub-Indicator Thematic Map Preparation

Prepare the adaptive capacity sub-indicator maps. Each input map should have the
proper sub-indicator weight fields, scale classification rating fields and the weighted
rating fields.

1.0 Let us prepare the reforestation efforts sub indicator map. In ArcGIS, open the
Reforestation_adaptive.shp. Open and scrutinize the attribute table. You will notice
that the table contains the area coverage/extent of reforestation relative to the area
of denuded areas.

2.0 Add three fields using the recommended field header labels and value field
format. First add the sub-indicator weight field. In the attribute table, click
options > add field, you will notice an add field window. Input the recommended
field header label > for the label type, select float > type 10 as the precision >
input 5 as the scale > click ok. You will notice a new field was added in the
attribute table. Repeat the steps to add the remaining fields.

FIELD HEADER
FIELD Description TYPE AND FORMAT
LABEL

Sub-indicator weight The field containing the numerical sub-indicator Refo_W Float, Precision 10,
weight in decimals. Refer to your accomplished
Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry
Scale 5
Sector indicator summary matrix for the sub-
indicator weights.

Sub indicator scale rating
The field containing the numerical scale Refo_R Float, Precision 10,
classification ratings. Refer to your accomplished
Sample Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry
Scale 5
Sector indicator summary matrix for the
classification rating per sub indicator scale.

Sub indicator weighted rating The computed weighted rating derived from Refo_WR Float, Precision 10,
multiplying the weight and the scale rating.
Scale 5

Note: field label indicated in red will vary depending on the sub-indicator (i.e Slope, Soil, Land Cover etc). The field sub labels W, R and WR will be retained for all sub-
indicators pertaining to weight, rating and weighted rating respectively, The field header label per sub-indicator will be enumerated in the succeeding steps.
 3.0 Assign the weight of the reforestation areas sub-indicator. In this example use a
weight of 0.6 (60%). Open the attribute table and right click the Refo_W field >
select the field calculator > in the input pane, type in 0.6. This will set the weight
of the sub-indicator to 60%.

4.0 Proceed and input the proper scale rating depending on the extent of area
coverage of reforestation. Use the proper selection syntax and use the field
calculator to input recommended scale ratings per class. Refer to the table below
for the corresponding rating per scale classification.

Table 14. Extent of reforestation relative to denuded forest areas rating

Extent of denuded areas range Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description

No reforestation program 0.6 1 Very Low

1-10% of total denuded forest area 0.6 0.8 Low
11-20% of total denuded forest area 0.6 0.6 Moderate
21-30% of total denuded forest area 0.6 0.4 High
>30% of total denuded forest area 0.6 0.2 Very high

5.0 Compute for the weighted rating by multiplying the values in the Refo_W and
Refo_R fields. Right click the Refo_WR field > select field calculator, you will
notice the field calculator window. In the field calculator window, double click
the Refo_W in the list of fields > click the asterisk sign “*” (the asterisks sign is
the multiplication character function) > double click the Refo_R in the list of
fields > click OK. you will notice that all records will have a corresponding
weighted rating score. You syntax should look similar to this:

[Refo_W]* [Refo_R]

6.0 Prepare a reforestation areas adaptive capacity map by displaying the values in
the scale rating (values in the Refo_R field). Use the recommended symbology
depending on the area coverage of reforestation.

Table 15. Extent of reforestation symbologies

Symbology
Extent of Reforestation Scale Description
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 No reforestation program Very Low

255/170/0 1-10% of total denuded forest area Low
255/255/0 11-20% of total denuded forest area Moderate
170/255/0 21-30% of total denuded forest area High
 Table 15. Extent of reforestation symbologies
Symbology
Extent of Reforestation Scale Description
(R/G/B)

38/115/0 >30% of total denuded forest area Very high

7.0 Now prepare the soil and water conservation measures sub-indicator map. In
ArcGIS, open the SoilWaterConservation_adaptive.shp. Open and scrutinize the
attribute table. You will notice that the table contains the level of soil and water
conservation measures being practiced.

8.0 Add three fields using the recommended field header labels and value field
format. First add the sub-indicator weight field. In the attribute table, click
options > add field, you will notice an add field window. Input the recommended
field header label > for the label type, select float > type 10 as the precision >
input 5 as the scale > click ok. You will notice a new field was added in the
attribute table. Repeat the steps to add the remaining fields.

FIELD HEADER
FIELD Description TYPE AND FORMAT
LABEL

Sub-indicator weight
The field containing the numerical sub-indicator weight in SWCons_W Float, Precision 10, Scale
decimals. Refer to your accomplished Sample
Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry Sector indicator
5
summary matrix for the sub-indicator weights.

Sub indicator scale rating
The field containing the numerical scale classification SWCons_R Float, Precision 10, Scale
ratings. Refer to your accomplished Sample
Vulnerability_Erosion Impact_Forestry Sector indicator
5
summary matrix for the classification rating per sub
indicator scale.

Sub indicator weighted rating The computed weighted rating derived from multiplying the SWCons_WR Float, Precision 10, Scale
weight and the scale rating.
5

9.0 Assign the weight of the denuded areas sub-indicator. In this example use a
weight of 0.4 (40%). Open the attribute table and right click the SWCons_W field
> select the field calculator > in the input pane, type in 0.4. This will set the
weight of the sub-indicator to 40%.

10.0 Proceed and input the proper scale rating depending on the extent of area
coverage of reforestation. Use the proper selection syntax and use the field
calculator to input recommended scale ratings per class. Refer to the table below
for the corresponding rating per scale classification.
 Table 16. Degree of soil and water conservation ratings
Level of soil and water conservation
Sub-indicator Weight Scale Rating Scale Description
measures being practiced

No conservation practices 0.4 1 Very Low

Little conservation efforts 0.4 0.8 Low
Some conservation efforts 0.4 0.6 Moderate
Most of the time practicing conservation 0.4 0.4 High
Regularly practicing conservation measures 0.4 0.2 Very high

11.0 Compute for the weighted rating by multiplying the values in the SWCons_W and
SWCons_R fields. Right click the SWCons_WR field > select field calculator, you
will notice the field calculator window. In the field calculator window, double
click the SWCons_W in the list of fields > click the asterisk sign “*” (the asterisks
sign is the multiplication character function) > double click the SWCons_R in the
list of fields > click OK. you will notice that all records will have a corresponding
weighted rating score. You syntax should look similar to this:

[SWCons_W]* [SWCons_R]

12.0 Prepare a reforestation areas adaptive capacity map by displaying the values in
the scale rating (values in the SWCons_R field). Use the recommended
symbology depending on the area coverage of reforestation.

Table 17. Recommended Degree of soil and water conservation symbologies

Symbology Level of soil and water conservation
Scale Description
(R/G/B) measures being practiced

230/0/0 No conservation practices Very Low

255/170/0 Little conservation efforts Low
255/255/0 Some conservation efforts Moderate
170/255/0 Most of the time practicing conservation High
38/115/0 Regularly practicing conservation measures Very high
B. Combining all exposure sub-indicators and computing for the adaptive capacity value

Derive the adaptive capacity value by deriving the sum of the weighted rating of the
sub-indicators.

13.0 Union all the datasets into one adaptive capacity composite map. In the
arctoolbox menu, type in union > double click the union (analysis) tool, you will
notice a union calibration window.

14.0 In the input features drop down menu, select the Reforestation_Adaptive, and
SoilWaterConservation_Adaptive layers > navigate to a save location path (you
can use C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Vulnerability Assessment\Adaptive)
> save the file as Adaptive_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp > click Ok.
You will notice that the tool will process your union request.

15.0 Once the union process is complete, add the shapefile in your table of contents
and open the attribute table. Observe that the attribute information of the two
input layers are included in your composite adaptive capacity shapefile. You
attribute information should have the sub-indicator weight, scale classification
ratings, and weighted scale ratings.

16.0 In the attribute table, add a field that will contain the computed sum of the
weighted rating of all sub-indicators. Label the field as Adap_Val (Adaptive
Capacity Value) as a float with precision 10 and scale 5.

17.0 Compute for the sum of the weighted rating using the field calculator tool. Right
click the Adap_Val field > select the field calculator tool, you will notice a field
calculator window.

18.0 In the field calculator window input the sensitivity value computation syntax,
double click the Refo_WR (computed weighted rating of the reforestation areas
sub-indicator) > click the plus operation “+” > double click the SWCons_WR field
(computed weighted rating of the level of soil and water conservation measure
being practiced sub-indicator) > click OK. Your computation syntax should look
similar to this:

[Refo_WR] + [SWCons_WR]

19.0 The resulting values per record is the adaptive capacity value based on the
unique combination of extent of reforestation efforts and level of soil and water
conservation measures of a particular site based on the vector map overlaying.
Prepare a forestry sector adaptive capacity to erosion map by mapping the
 values in the Adap_Val field using the recommended symbology and legend
adaptive capacity categories.

Table 18. Recommended symbologies for adaptive capacity range values

Symbology
(Adaptive Capacity Value Range), Adaptive Capacity Category
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 (>0.8-1.0), Very Low

255/170/0 (>0-6-0.8), Low
255/255/0 (>0.4-0.6), Moderate
170/255/0 (>0.2-0.4), High
38/115/0 (0-0.2), Very High
V. VULNERABILITY INDEX MAPPING

At this point, you should have prepared three composite maps namely, sensitivity,
exposure and adaptive capacity (SEA). Each dataset will have the computed composite
values. Determine the Vulnerability Index by creating a composite map of the sensitivity,
exposure and adaptive capacity maps. Each composite map will have a weight. In this
example, sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity will have a weight of 35%, 30%,
and 35% respectively.

20.0 Union all the datasets into one sensitivity composite map. In the arctoolbox
menu, type in union > double click the union (analysis) tool, you will notice a
union calibration window.

21.0 In the input features drop down menu, select the following composite maps:

Sensitivity_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp
Exposure_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp
Adaptive_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp

Navigate to a save location path (you can use

C:\Users\Administrator\Documents\Vulnerability Assessment\) > save the file as
Vulnerability_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp > click Ok. You will notice
that the tool will process your union request.

22.0 Once the union process is complete, add the shapefile in your table of contents
and open the attribute table. Observe that the attribute information of all your
previous datasets (SEA) sub-indicators are included in your vulnerability
composite shapefile. You attribute information should have the sub-indicator
weight, scale classification ratings, and weighted scale ratings, and SEA value
fields containing the computed weighted sum of all sub indicators.

23.0 In the attribute table, add a field that will contain the computed sum of the
weighted value of all SEA composites. Label the field as Vul_Indx (Vulnerability
Index) as a float with precision 10 and scale 5.

24.0 Compute for the sum of the weighted rating using the field calculator tool. Right
click the Vul_Indx field > select the field calculator tool, you will notice a field
calculator window.

25.0 In the field calculator window input the sensitivity value computation syntax,
double click the Sense_Val > click the asterisk “*” button (multiplication) > and
 input the weight of sensitivity .35 > then close the syntax with an open and close
parenthesis > click the plus sign “+”. Your initial syntax should look similar this:

([Sense_Val]*.35) +

26.0 Now continue the calculation syntax by double clicking the Expo_Val > click the
asterisk “*” button (multiplication) > and input the weight of exposure .35 > then
close the syntax with an open and close parenthesis > click the plus sign “+”. Your
expanded calculation syntax should look similar this:

([Sense_Val]*.35) + ([Expo_Val]*.35) +

27.0 Now finalize the calculation syntax by double clicking the Adap_Val > click the
asterisk “*” button (multiplication) > and input the weight of adaptive capacity
.30 > then close the syntax with an open and close parenthesis > click the plus
sign “+”. Your final calculation syntax should look similar this:

([Sense_Val]*.35) + ([Expo_Val]*.35) + ([Adap_Val]*.30)

28.0 Click the OK button to proceed with the field calculation.

29.0 The resulting values per record is the vulnerability index depending on the
various sub-indicator measures of a particular site based on the vector map
overlaying.

30.0 Intersect the resulting vulnerability map with the municipal boundary map to
append the municipal information. Add the Municipal_Boundary_Bukidnon.shp,
open the arctoolbox > Index > type in intersect, you will notice the intersect
calibration window.

31.0 In the intersect calibration window, select Municipal_Boundary_Bukidnon.shp

and the Vulnerability_Erosion_Forestry Sector_Composite.shp as the input layers
> save the file as Bukidnon_Vulnerability_Erosion_Forestry.shp > in the join
attributes drop down menu, select ALL > in the output feature type, select INPUT
> click OK. The bukidnon municipal boundary map is located in the SURP VA
Datasets folder > Base Maps sub-folder.

32.0 Once the intersect process is complete, open the attribute table. You will notice
that municipal information field was added in the attribute table. This will guide
you on the location of the vulnerability scores.

33.0 Dissolve the dataset by going to the Arctoolbox > Index > type in the Dissolve >
select the Dissolve (Management) tool. Select the
Bukidnon_Vulnerability_Erosion_Forestry.shp as the input feature > select all
fields except the FID and FID_Munici fields as basis for the dissolve (make sure to
unselect the FID fields since these are unique values which may interfere with
the dissolve geoprocessing) > save the file as
 Bukidnon_Vulnerability_Erosion_Forestry_dissolved.shp > click OK. You will
notice that your dataset has been dissolved based on the selected dissolve fields.

34.0 Determine the extent/land area of the for each multipart polygon/sites sharing
the same vulnerability index. Add a field that will contain the area in hectares. In
the attribute attribute table, click options > Add field, you will notice the add
field window.

35.0 Label the field as AreaHas > in the Type drop down menu, select Float > set the
precision as 30 > set the scale as 5 > click OK. You will notice that a new empty
field was added.

36.0 Calculate for the area by right clicking the AreaHas field > select calculate
geometry > select Area in the property drop down menu > select hectares in the
units > click OK. You will notice that the area was computed. This will indicate the
area extent of each individual area (poygon).

37.0 Prepare a forestry sector erosion impact vulnerability map by mapping the values
in the Vul_Indx field using the recommended symbology and legend vulnerability
categories.

Table 19. Vulnerability Index Recommended symbologies

Symbology
(Vulnerability Rating Range), Category
(R/G/B)

230/0/0 (>0.8-1.0), Very High

255/170/0 (>0-6-0.8), High
255/255/0 (>0.4-0.6), Moderate
170/255/0 (>0.2-0.4), Low
38/115/0 (0-0.2), Very Low
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

At this point, the vulnerability map should have been prepared. The attribute table
should contain the municipal information, vulnerability index per site/polygon, and the
supporting indicator and sub-indicator scores.

61.1 Open the attribute table and use the advance sorting tool. Right click any field
header > select the advance sorting, you will notice that a new sorting window
appears where you can sort the attribute information using multiple fields.

61.2 Sort the data using multiple fields. First sort in ascending manner the Municipal
names (Municipali) > descending manner the Vulnerability Index (Vul_Indx)
values > sort in descending manner the area estimates (AreaHas) > Click OK. You
will notice that the attribute table data has been sorted.

61.3 Use the select by attributes tool then follow the summarize table procedures to
answer the questions below:

61.4 Use the selection syntax to filter your records. In the attribute table > click
options > select by attributes > input the proper selection syntax “Vul_Indx
>=.8”. You will notice that all records with a vulnerability index of above or equal
to 0.8 has been highlighted. Click the show selected records only option to
display all highlighted records and excluding the records with a vulnerability
index below 0.8

61.5 Use the summarize table tool to create summary tables. In the attributes table
click any field > select the summarize option > In the select a field to summarize
drop down menu, select Municipali > in the list of fields to summarize and the
summary statistics to be implemented, scroll down and expand the AreaHas field
> place a tick mark to the Sum statistic type > save the table as
VeryHigh_Municipal_Area Estimates.dbf > place a tick mark to the summarize
selected records only. This will create a summary table that will give the sum of
the area of sites categorized as very high (Vul_Index >= .8).

1. Comparatively, which municipality has the highest extent of areas considered as

very high vulnerability to erosion?
 2. What is the total area of sites considered as very high in terms of vulnerability
for that particular municipality?

61.6 Determine the sites with the highest vulnerability index of the municipality with
the largest extent of very high vulnerable areas. Go back to the attribute table
and use the selection syntax “Vul_Indx >=.8 AND MUNICIPALI = (Your answer to
Question 1)”. Use the advanced sorting tool by clicking any field header > select
advance sorting > sort Vul_indx field in decending manner and the area in
descending manner. You attribute data should be sorted where the topmost
record has the largest extent with the highest vulnerability index.

61.7 Navigate to the leftmost portion of the attribute table and the topmost record
(with the highest area extent) > Click any attribute of the topmost record, you
will notice a triangle indicator character in the leftmost portion of the table.
Right click the triangle character > select “Identify” > minimize the attribute table
to display the attributes of the selected record. Answer the following questions

3. Among your records, what is the highest observed vulnerability index?

4. What is the sensitivity value of that particular site?

5. Among the sub-indicators for sensitivity, which has the highest influence (highest
weighted rating/s among sub-indicators) to the sensitivity value?

6. What possible measures can you propose to reduce the sensitivity value?

7. What is the exposure value of the particular site?

8. Among the exposure sub-indicators, which sub-indicator/s have the highest

influence to exposure (highest weighted rating/s among sub-indicators)?
9. What possible measures can you propose to reduce the exposure value?

10. What is the adaptive capacity value of that particular site?

11. Which adaptive capacity sub-indicator/s have the highest influence to the
adaptive capacity value (highest weighted rating/s among sub-indicators)?

12. What possible measures can you propose to reduce the adaptive capacity value?
ANSWERS:

1) MALITBOG
2) 698.8622 hectares
3) 0.8255 Vulnerability Index
4) 0.77 Sensitivity Value
5) Slope 0.3 and Forest Cover, 0.25
6) Improve the Forest Cover through reforestation, possible slope stabilization measures
7) Exposure Value 0.8
8) Extent of Denuded forest of 50 and above, 0.5.
9) Reforestation of denuded forests to limit the extent of forest denudation to 10%.
10) Adaptive Capacity of 0.92
11) No Reforestation efforts with a value of 0.6 weighted rating.
12) Intensify reforestation efforts to improve vegetation cover to limit the effects of erosion.
13) Assess participants’ response depending on the depth of his/her discussion.

13. If you were a key decision maker in the province, what particular impact
mitigation related projects, forest resource utilization or protection spatial
related policies/regulations will you implement specific to the site in order to
reduce the vulnerability of the forest area to erosion?