Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

Linear Law
13

1. (a) y 6–3
5. (a) Gradient = ——–
4–1
3 =1
2 Equation of line AB is
y – 3 = 1(x – 1)
1 y=x+2

0 x 5–2
(b) Gradient = ——–
1 2 3 1–4
(b) = –1
y
Equation of line PQ is
r – 5 = –1(t – 1)
3
= –t + 1
2 r = –t + 6
5
(c) Gradient = – —–
1
10
=–— 1
0 x
1 2 3 2
1 q + 5.
Equation of line RS is p = – —
3–1
2. (a) Gradient = ——– 2
3–1
=1 6. (a) When y = 2, 2 = x + 2
y-intercept = 0 x= 0
Equation of the line is y = x.
(b) When t = 3.5, r = –3.5 + 6
4 , y-intercept = 3.4 = 2.5
(b) Gradient = – —
5 1q+5
4 x + 3.4 (c) When p = 3, 3 = – —
Equation of the line is y = – — 2
5 1q=5–3
—
2
3. (a) y = 1.5 q=2×2
(b) x = 1.7 =4

4. (a) When x = 1.5, 7. (a) yx = 4x2 + 5x

y=x yx 4x 2 5x
—– = —–– + —–
y = 1.5 x x x
y = 4x + 5
(b) When y = 2.0,
2=–— 4 x + 3.4
5
冢 5
x = (2 – 3.4) × – —
4
冣
= 1.75

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

OR (f) y = kxn
yx = 4x2 + 5x log10 y = log10 k + log10 x n
yx 4x 2 5x = log10 k + n log10 x
—– = —–– + —– = n log10 x + log10 k
x2 x2 x2

冢 冣
y 1 (g) y = pk(x + 2)
— =4+5—
x x log10 y = log10 p + log10 k(x + 2)
=5—
x 冢 冣
1 +4 = log10 p + (x + 2) log10 k
= log10 p + x log10 k + 2 log10 k
5 – 3x = (log10 k)x + log10 p + 2 log10 k
(b) y= —
x
k
xy = 5 – 3x2 (h) y = ——
px – 1
= –3x2 + 5
OR log10 y = log10 k – log10 px – 1
= log10 k – (x – 1) log10 p
y=— 5 – 3x
x = log10 k – x log10 p + log10 p
y 5 = (–log10 p)x + log10 k + log10 p
— = —– –3
x x2
(i) k
y = ——
冢 冣
y 1
— = 5 —– –3 pnx2
x x2
log10 y = log10 —— 冢
k
冣

y 1 7
pnx2
(c) —– = —– +— = log10 k – log10 pnx2
x x2 x
= log10 k – (log10 p + log10 nx2)

y
冢 冣 冢
x —– = x —–
x
1
x2
+—7
x 冣 = log10 k – log10 p – x2 log10 n
= (–log10 n)x 2 + log10 k – log10 p

y = —1 +7
x abx
(j) y = —–
OR k

y
—– = —–
1
+—7 log10 y = log10 —–
k冢 冣
abx
x x2 x
= log10 abx – log10 k

y
冢 冣
x2 —– = x2 —–
x
1
x2冢+—7
x 冣 = log10 a + log10 bx – log10 k
= log10 a + x log10 b – log10 k
x
 y = 1 + 7x = (log10 b)x + log10 a – log10 k
x
 y = 7x + 1
(k) y – 4 = abx
(d) y2 = 8x2 – 5x log10 (y – 4) = log10 (abx)
y2 8x2 5x = log10 a + x log10 b
—– = —–x
– —–
x = (log10 b)x + log10 a
x
y2 (l) y = 5 + axn
—– = 8x – 5
x y – 5 = axn
OR log10 (y – 5) = log10 a + n log10 x
y2 = 8x2 – 5x = n log10 x + log10 a
y2 8x2 5x
—– = —– – —– y 4 – —–6
x2 x2 x2 (m) —= —
2 x x2
冢 冣 冢 冣
y 2 1 y
—
x
= –5 — + 8
x 冢 冣
2x2 — = 2x2 —
2 冢
4 – —–
x
6
x2 冣
(e) y = pkx x2y = 8x – 12
log10 y = log10 pkx
= log10 p + log10 kx
= (log10 k)x + log10 p

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

OR 8. (a) y = ax2 + bx
y y ax2 bx
4 – —– 6 — = –— + –—
—= — x x x
2 x x2 y
y — = ax + b .................................. 
冢 冣
2x — = 2x —
2 冢 4 – —–
x
6
x2 冣 x
a = Gradient
12
xy = 8 – —– 6–2
= ——–
x 5–1
冢 冣
1
xy = –12 — + 8
x =—4
4
=1
(n) xy2 = 3
 x + 5x
y
xy 2 3
 x 5x Substitute — = 2, x = 1 and a = 1 into ,
x
—– = —— + —–
x x x 2 = 1(1) + b
3 b=1
y2 = —– + 5

x
Therefore, a = 1 and b = 1.
冢 冣
1
= 3 —– + 5

x (b) y= a + — c
OR x
冢
x(y) = x a + —c
x 冣
xy2 = 3

x + 5x
xy = ax + c ................................ 
xy2 3
 x 5x a = Gradient
—– = —— + ——

x
x
x 5–1
= ——–
y2
x = 3 + 5

x 1–4
= 5
x +3 = —–4
–3
(o) 2x
y = ——– 4 into ,
3+x Substitute x = 1, xy = 5 and a = – —
4 3
y(3 + x) = 2x 5 = – —(1) + c
3
3y + yx = 2x 4
3y + yx c=5+—
2x 3
———– = —–
y y 19
= —–
2x 3
3 + x = —–
y 4 and c = —–19 .
Therefore, a = – —
x 1
= x+— 3 3 3
—
y — 2 2 (c) y = abx
OR log10 y = log10 (abx)
= log10 a + log10 bx
2x
y = ——– = (log10 b)x + log10 a
3+x
y(3 + x) = 2x log10 b = Gradient
3y + xy = 2x 5–2
= ——–
3y + yx 2x 3–0
———– = —– =1
x x
3y b = 10
—– + y = 2
x log10 a = log10 y-intercept
3y =2
—– = –y + 2
x a = 102
y
—= –—
x 冢 3
冣
1 y+—
2
3
= 100
Therefore, a = 100 and b = 10.

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

(d) y = axn y

x
log10 y = log10 a + n log10 x 14
= n log10 x + log10 a
12
n = Gradient
1–3
= ——– 10
1–0
= –2 8

log10 a = log10 y-intercept 6

=3
a = 103 4
= 1000 2
Therefore, a = 1000 and n = –2.
x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(e) y = abx2
–2
log10 y = log10 a + log10 bx2
= log10 a + x2 log10 b
log10 y = (log10 b)x2 + log10 a ............  (ii) h = y
x -intercept
log10 b = Gradient = –2
7–3 k = Gradient
= ——– 13 – (–2)
6–1 = ——–—–
4 6–0
=—
5 =— 5
= 0.8 2
b = 100.8
= 6.310 (b) (i) y = axn
log10 y = log10 axn
4
Substitute log10 y = 3, x2 = 1 and log10 b = — = log10 a + n log10 x
5 log10 y = n log10 x + log10 a
into ,
3= — 4 (1) + log a log10 x 0.3 0.40 0.48 0.54 0.60 0.65
10
5
4 log10 y 0.68 0.94 1.18 1.37 1.57 1.74
log10 a = 3 – —
5
log10 y
11
= —–
5 1.8
a = 158.5
Therefore, a = 158.5 and b = 6.310. 1.6

1.4
9. (a) (i)
x 2 3 4 5 6
1.2
y 2.2 2.8 4.0 5.0 5.3
y

x 3.1 4.8 8.0 11.2 13.0 1.0

y = k
 h
x + —–
0.8

x
y

x = kx + h 0.6

0.4

0.2

log10 x
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
–0.2

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

(ii) log10 a = log10 y-intercept (b) v = 9.55 was wrongly taken.

= – 0.18 The correct value is v2 = 100, that is, v = 10.
a = 0.661
(c) (i) When v = 8, v2 = 64, s = 3.2
n = Gradient (ii) When s = 3.5, v2 = 70
1.08 – 0.4
= ——–—–– v = 8.37
0.44 – 0.2
= 2.833 140 – 22
12. (a) Gradient = ——–—–
4–2
10. (a) F = 59
6 y
— = 59x2 + c ............................... 
x
5
y
Substitute x2 = 2, — = 22 into ,
4 x
22 = 59(2) + c
3 c = –96
y
Therefore, — = 59x2 – 96
2 x
y = 59x3 – 96x
1
(b) When x = 2.4, y = 59(2.4)3 – 96(2.4)
0 x = 585.2
2 4 6 8 10 12

(b) (i) When F = 2.5, x = 5.2 13. (a) y = axn.......................................... 

(ii) When x = 12.0, F = 5.7
Substitute x = 1, y = 100 into ,
(c) x = 2.5 is wrongly taken when F = 1.0. 100 = a(1)n
The correct value is x = 2.0. a = 100
Substitute x = 3, y = 900 into ,
11. (a) 2 900 = 100(3)n
v 19.98 40.07 60.06 79.92 91.20 119.90
3n = 9
s 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 = 32
n=2
v2
(b) y = axn
120
y = 100(x)2
Y = mX + c
100 Y = y , X = x2, c = 0, m = 100
Therefore, Y = 100X
80
When Y = 5, X = a,
5 = 100a
60 5
a = —––
100
= —–1
40
20

20
When Y = b, X = 4,
b = 100(4)
= 400
0 s
2 4 6 1 , b = 400 and c = 0.
Hence, a = —–
20

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

4. y = 2x2 – 3
y 2x2 – –––
3
–––
2
= ––––
x x2 x2
4
冢 冣
1. y = 3x + ––– y 1 +2
x2 ––– = –3 –––
x2 x2
2
冢
2 4
x (y) = x 3x + –––
x2
冣 Y = –3X + c
x2y = 3x3 + 4 1 and Y = y .
Therefore, X = ––– –––
Y = mX + c x2 x2
Intercept at vertical axis, c = 4
5. (a)
Therefore, point at vertical axis is (0, 4). y
— 1.91 1.84 1.73 1.63 1.58 1.55
x
m = Gradient =3
h–4 1
——– =3 —– 0.21 0.16 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.03
1–0 x2
h–4 =3 y
h =7 –
x
m=3
2.0
44 – 4 =3
—–—–
k–0
3k = 40 1.5
40
k = –––
3
1.0
2. (a) 5x
y = —–
2
log10 y = log10 5x – log10 2 0.5
log10 y = (log10 5)x – log10 2
1
(b) Y = mX + c 0 –
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 x2
∴ c = –log10 2
k = –log10 2 p q
(b) (i) y = — + —x
= –0.301 x p
y p q
0–k — = —– +—
m = ——– x x2 p
h–0 q
0.301
log10 5 = ——– 冢 冣
= p —–
1
x2
+—
p
h
Y = mX + c
0.301
h = ———
log10 5 p = Gradient
= 0.4306 1.6 – 1.5
= —–—–—
0.05 – 0
=2
3. (a) y = k · 10x
log10 y = log10 (k ·10x) q y
= log10 k + log10 10x (ii) — = —-intercept
p x
= log10 k + x log10 10 q
log10 y = x + log10 k —= 1.5
2
Y = mX + c q= 3
(b) (i) log10 k = 1
k = 10
(ii) Gradient =1
p–1
—–— =1
2–0
p–1 =2
p =3

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

6. (a) (ii) log10 k = Gradient

log10 y 1.08 1.21 1.31 1.43 1.52 1.60 2.0 – 1.0
= —–—–—

x 1 1.22 1.41 1.58 1.73 1.87 4.8 – 1.6
= 0.3125
log10 y k = 2.05
1.5
8. (a)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
1.0 log10 y 0.30 0.60 0.90 1.20 1.51 1.81

0.5 log10 y

2.0
0

x
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

1.5
(b) y = pk
x
log10 y = log10 pk
x
1.0
= log10 p + log10 k
x
log10 y = (log10 k)
 x + log10 p
0.5
Y = mX + c
(i) log10 p = log10 y-intercept
0 x
= 0.45 2 4 6
∴ p = 2.82
kx
(b) (i) y = —–
(ii) log10 k = Gradient p
1.5 – 0.6
= —–—–—– log10 y = log10 —– 冢 冣
kx
p
1.7 – 0.25
= 0.6207 = log10 kx – log10 p
k = 4.18 log10 y = (log10 k)x – log10 p
Y = mX + c

7. (a) log10 y-intercept = –log10 p

log10 y 0.48 0.80 1.12 1.44 1.77 2.09 0 = –log10 p
x–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 log10 p = 0
p= 1
log10 y
(ii) log10 k = Gradient
1.7 – 0
= —–—–
2.0
5.6 – 0
= 0.3036
1.5 k = 2.01

1.0

0.5
1. y = kxn – 1
log10 y = log10 (kxn – 1)
0 x–1
2 4 6 = log10 k + log10 xn – 1
= log10 k + (n – 1) log10 x
(b) (i) y = pkx – 1 = (n – 1) log10 x + log10 k
log10 y = log10 p + (x – 1) log10 k
Gradient = n – 1
log10 y = (log10 k)(x – 1) + log10 p
Vertical intercept = log10 k
Y = mX + c
log10 p = x – 1-intercept
= 0.5
p = 3.16

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

13 – 3
2. Gradient = —–—– 5. y = ax5
6–1 log10 y = log10 a + 5 log10 x
10
= —– log10 y = 5 log10 x + log10 a
5 Y = mX + c
=2
log10 a = log10 y-intercept
Therefore,

y = 2x2 + c ......................  =4
a = 104
Substitute x2 = 1,

y = 3 into , = 10 000
3 = 2(1) + c
c=1 Gradient =5
k–4
Hence, the equation is
y = 2x2 + 1, ——–
3–0
=5
that is, y = (2x2 + 1)2. k–4 = 15
k = 19
3
—
3. y = px + qx 2 Therefore, a = 10 000 and k = 19.
3
—
2
y px qx 5–2
— = —– + —— 6. (a) Gradient = ——–
x x x
3–0
= p + q
 x =1
= q
 x + p ......................................  Vertical intercept = 2
Y = mX + c
The equation of the line is
q = Gradient Y = mX + c
8–4 y = log10 x + 2
= —–—
4–6
(b) x = a × 10y – 1
= —–4
log10 x = log10 a + (y – 1) log10 10
–2
log10 x = log10 a + y – 1
= –2
y = 1 – log10 a + log10 x
y
Substitute

x = 4, — = 8, q = –2 into , ∴ 1 – log10 a = 2
x log10 a = –1
8 = (–2)(4) + p
p = 16 a = 0.1
Therefore, p = 16 and q = –2.
10 – 4
7. (a) Gradient = ——––
3–1
4. y = 102x + 3 =3
log10 y = log10 102x + 3 Equation of the line is log10 y = 3 log10 (x + 2) + c
= (2x + 3) log10 10
log10 y = 2x + 3 Substitute log10 (x + 2) = 1 and log10 y = 4 into
Y = mX + c the equation,
log10 y = 3 log10 (x + 2) + c
log10 y-intercept = 3 4 = 3(1) + c
Gradient = 2 c=1
4–3 Therefore, log10 y = 3 log10 (x + 2) + 1
For point A, —–— = 2
q–0 y = k(x + 2)n
1 = 2q log10 y = log10 k + n log10 (x + 2)
1 log10 y = n log10 (x + 2) + log10 k
q=—
2 Compare to log10 y = 3 log10 (x + 2) + 1
p–3 Hence, n = 3 and log10 k = 1
For point B, —–— = 2
1–0 k = 10
p–3=2
p=5
1.
Therefore, p = 5, q = —
2

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

(b) When y = 0.08, y = k(x + 2)n For B(q, 12),

0.08 = 10(x + 2)3 12 – 0
—–—– = 4
0.008 = (x + 2)3 q–0
x+2 = 3

0.008 12 = 4q
= 0.2 q=3
x = 0.2 – 2
= –1.8 11 – 7
10. (a) The gradient of the straight line = —–—–
4–2
x =—
3 +x =2
8. —
y x r–7 =2
Gradient = —–—
3–2
x —
y冢 冣
1 x = 1 3 +x
— —x — x 冢 冣 r – 7= 2
r= 9
1 3
= —– +1
—y x2 (b) log10 y = 2x + c............................ 
—y —–
x2
冢 冣
1 = 3 1 + 1 .......................... 
Substitute log10 y = 7, x = 2 into ,
7 = 2(2) + c
1 = 3 and 1 = k into , c=3
Substitute —– —
x2 y
Therefore, log10 y = 2x + 3
—y 冢 冣
1 =3 1 +1
—–
x2
y = 102x + 3

k = 3(3) + 1 11. (a) y = px2 + q ................................... 

= 10
Substitute x = 1, y = 4 into ,
Substitute —– 1 = 16 into ,
1 = p and — 4 = p(1)2 + q
x2 y
p + q = 4...................................... 
16 = 3(p) + 1
3p = 15 Substitute x = 3, y = 12 into ,
p= 5 12 = p(3)2 + q
9p + q = 12 .................................. 
9. (a) y = rx2 + t ....................................   – , 8p = 8
Substitute x = 1, y = 4 into , p=1
4 = r(1)2 + t Substitute p = 1 into ,
r + t = 4 .......................................  1+q=4
Substitute x = 3, y = 36 into , q=3
36 = r(3)2 + t
(b) y = px2 + q becomes
9r + t = 36 ................................... 
y = x2 + 3
 – , 8r = 32 y 3
—– = 1 + —–
r= 4 x2 x2
y
Substitute r = 4 into ,
4+t=4
—–
x2 冢 冣
= 3 —–
1
x2
+1

t= 0
For A,
(b) y = rx2 + t becomes y = 4x2 y 4
—– = —–
1 (y) = —
1 (4x2) x2 12
—x x =4
y 1 1
— = 4x —– = —–
x x2 12
Therefore, the gradient is 4. =1
For A(2, p),
p–0
——– = 4
2–0
p=8

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

For B, (b) (i) y2 = px + q

y 12 p = Gradient
—– = —–
x2 32 6–1
= ———–
12 7 – 0.5
= —–
9 10
= —–
4 13
=—
3 q = y2-intercept
1 1 = 0.6
—– = —–
x2 32
1 (ii) When x = 1.5, y2 = 1.7
=— y = 1.3
9
y
– 14. (a)
x2 x 1 4 9 16 20 25

A(1, 4) y

x 4.01 14.02 30.06 52.80 66.0 82.0

1 1 4 y

x
B 冢–, –冣 1
9 3 –
0 x2
80

60
12. x2y = px ....................................... 
1 2 1
—– (x y) = —– (px)
x2 x2 40

y= p — 1
x 冢 冣 20
In Diagram (b), gradient = p
14 – 7 x
= ——— 0
1–— 1 10 20 30
2 p
= 14 (b) (i) y = —— + (q + 1)
x

x
Substitute p = 14 into ,
冢 冣
p
x2y = 14x
x (y) =
x —— + (q + 1)
x
2

x
For A, 1 · r = 14(1)
y
 x = p + (q + 1)x
r = 14
y
 x = (q + 1)x + p
For B, t2(7) = 14t
7t2 = 14t p = vertical intercept
7t = 14 =2
t= 2 q + 1 = Gradient
82 – 34
= ———–
13. (a) 25 – 10
x 2.5 4.5 6.5 7.0 8.5 9.5
= 3.2
y2 2.5 4.0 5.6 6.0 7.1 7.9 q = 2.2
y2
(ii) When x = 10, y

x = 34
8 y

10 = 34
34
6 y = ——


10
4 = 10.75

0 x
2 4 6 8 10

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

15. (a) (b) (i) y = k · ax – 1

log10 x 0 0.30 0.54 0.65 0.699 0.778 log10 y = log10 k + (x – 1) log10 a
log10 y 0.6 1.18 1.69 1.91 2 2.26 = log10 k + x log10 a – log10 a
log10 y = (log10 a)x + log10 k – log10 a
lg y log10 a = Gradient
2.1 – 0.8
2.5 = ————
5.4 – 1
= 0.2955
2.0 a = 1.975
log10 k – log10 a = Intercept of log10 y
1.5
= 0.5
log10 k – 0.2955 = 0.5
1.0 log10 k = 0.7955
k = 6.24
0.5
(ii) When x = 5.6,
log10 y = 2.15
0 lg x
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 y = 141.3
n Therefore, p = 141.3
—
(b) y = px 2
n (iii) When x = 2.0, log10 y = 1.1
log10 y = log10 p + — log10 x y = 12.6
2
n
log10 y = — log10 x + log10 p
2 17. (a)
log10 p = Intercept of log10 y T 0 26.8 32.9 38.0 42.9 46.5
= 0.6

l 0 4.5 5.5 6.3 7.1 7.7
p = 3.981
n T
— = Gradient
2 50
2.2 – 1.0
= ————–
0.8 – 0.2 40
=2
n=4 30

(c) Incorrect value of y is 180. Old

20
The correct value is log10 y = 2.2, New
that is, y = 158.5 10

16. (a)

l
0 2 4 6 8
x 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.6
–10
log10 y 1.4 1.53 1.68 1.83 1.98 log10 p

30 – 0
log10 y (b) Gradient = ———
5–0
2.0 =6
Therefore, T = 6
l
1.5 T 2 = 36l

(c) (i) T = 6
l – 6

1.0
(ii) When T = 6.5,
l = 2.1
l = 2.12
0.5
= 4.41

0 x
2 4 6

11 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

18. (a) y = k(x – 1)n c = log2 a = 2

log10 y = log10 k + n log10 (x – 1) a = 22
log10 y = n log10 (x – 1) + log10 k =4
Y = mX + c Therefore, n = 3, a = 4.

log10 y 0.7 1.3 1.66 1.79 1.95 2.26

y b
2. –— = ax + —
log10 (x – 1) 0 0.3 0.48 0.54 0.62 0.78 x2 x

冢 冣 冢 冣
y b x
–— x = ax + —
lg y x2 x
y
2.5 — = ax2 + b
x
Y = mX + c
2.0 y
Y = — , m = a, X = x2, c = b
x
1
1.5 Given the gradient = —
2
1
1.0
∴a=—
2
y 1 2
— = —x + b
0.5 x 2
y
Substitute x2 = 4, — = 6 into the equation,
0 lg (x – 1) x
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
6 = —(4) + b
2
(b) (i) When y = 100, log10 100 =2
b =4
log10 (x – 1) = 0.65 1
x–1 = 4.467 Therefore, a = —, b = 4
2
x = 5.467
3. (a) bx
y = ———
(ii) When x = 8, log10 7 = 0.85 x + ab
log10 y = 2.4 1 x + ab
y = 251.2 — = ———
y bx
x + —–
= —– ab
bx bx
1 1
—= a — + —
y x 冢 冣1
b
1. y = axn
log2 y = log2 (axn) When x = 3, y = 1
= log2 a + log2 xn 1 1 1 1
— = —, — = —
log2 y = n log2 x + log2 a x 3 y 1
Y = mX + c =1
Y = log2 y, m = n, X = log2 x, c = log2 a 3
When x = 6, y = —
Substitute X = 1, Y = 5 into the equation, 2
1 1 1 1
5 = m + c ................... — = —, — = —–
x 6 y 3
—
Substitute X = 3, Y = 11 into the equation, 2
11 = 3m + c ............... 2
=—
 – , 2m = 6 3
m=3 1
–
y
Substitute m = 3 into ,
5=3+c 冢–,
3 冣
1 1
c=2
n=m
冢–,
6 3冣
1 2
–

=3 1
–
0 x

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 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

(b) a = Gradient (iv) When x = 5,

2 y
1–— — =5
3 x
= ———–
1 1 y
—–— ∴ —=5
3 6 5
=2 y = 25
1 1 1 Therefore, the height of point B is 25 m.
Substitute — = — and — = 1 into the equation,
x 3 y
1
—=a— +—
y
1
x
1
b 冢 冣 5. (a)

x 0 10 20 30 40 50
1
1 =2— +—
3
1
b冢 冣 y 20 30 40 50 60 70

1 2 y
— =1–—
b 3 70
1
=—
3
60
b =3
Therefore, a = 2, b = 3.
50

4. (a) 40
y
— 7 8 6 4 2 0 –2
x
30
x 1 2 4 6 8 10 12
y 20
x–
10 10

8 0
x
10 20 30 40 50
6
(b) (i) 4k2x = (y – c)2
4


4k
2
x =y–c
y – c = 2k
 x
2
y = 2k

x+c
Y = mX + C
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Y = y, m = 2k, X =

x, C = c
–2
c = y-intercept
= 20
(b) (i) Wrongly recorded y = 7, actual value of
y=9 2k = Gradient
70 – 20
= ———–
(ii) y = ax2 + bx 50 – 0
y 2
— = ax + bx =1
x ———— x 1
y k= —
— = ax + b 2
x 1
y Therefore, c = 20, k = —.
b = — -intercept 2
x
= 10 (ii) When y = 55,
a = Gradient
x = 35
10 – 0 x = 352
= ———
0 – 10 = 1225
= –1
(iii) When x = 500,
(iii) When y = 0, x = 10
x = 22.4, ∴ y = 42.5
Therefore, the horizontal distance of the
point C is 10 m.

13 © Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd.

 Additional Mathematics SPM Chapter 13

6. 7. (a) 2(y + 1)2 = kx + t

f2 400 196 100 64 49 k t
(y + 1)2 = — x + — ................... 
1 100 50 25 16.7 12.5 2 2
—
m Y = mX + c
(a), (c) k t
Y = (y + 1)2, m = — , X = x, c = —
f2 2 2
400 Substitute x = 0, (y + 1)2 = 10 into ,
t
10 = —
(a) 2
350
t = 20
300 Substitute x = –5, (y + 1)2 = 0, t = 20 into ,
k 20
250 0 = — (–5) + —–
2 2
5k
—– = 10
200 2
20
k = —–
150 5
=4
100
k t
(b) (y + 1)2 = — x + — becomes
(c) 2 2
50
4 20
(y + 1)2 = — x + —–
1 2 2
0 –
20 40 60 80 100
m y2 + 2y + 1 = 2x + 10
y2 = 2x – 2y + 10 – 1
(b) (i) When m = 0.05 kg, = 2(x – y) + 9
1 = —— 1 Y = mX + c
—
m 0.05 Y = y2, m = 2, X = x – y, c = 9
= 20 ∴ Gradient = 2
f 2 = 80 Intercept on the Y-axis = 9
f = 9 oscillations per second
(ii) When f = 15,
f 2 = 152
= 225
1 = 56
—m
1
∴ m = —–
56
= 0.01786 kg
= 18 g

1
(iii) f 2 = —–
km

冢 冣冢 冣
1 1
= — —
k m
1
Gradient = —
k
400 – 0
= ———–
100 – 0
=4
1
∴k=—
4

© Penerbitan Pelangi Sdn. Bhd. 14