Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Block 2 FOUNDATION
Anatomy
All Introduction to Anatomy
All Upper limb

Histology
Introduction to cells and tissues
Epithelial tissues
Connective tissue and muscle
Vessels - Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics, Nerves

Biochemistry
Major nutrients and nutrient sensing systems
Metabolic pathways for the conversion of major nutrient to usable energy
The role of oxygen in making energy available from major nutrients
DNA & RNA Structure
Transcription and translation
Principles of human inheritance
Protein structure and function
Chromosome and cell genetics
Principles of molecular genetics
Genes and mutations
Enzymes; Substrates; product; modes of inhibition
Genes, mutation and cancer
Growth and division of cells, the cell cycle
Feast and famine
Strategies for prevention and treatment of genetic disorders
Principles of nutrition

Physiology
General introduction to Human Physiology
Homeostasis and its control mechanisms
Biological membranes and their role in cellular homeostasis
Intracellular signal transduction
Intercellular communication
Pregnancy
Autonomic Nervous System

Pathology
Homeostasis
Process - Overview of laboratory Diagnostic disease
Inflammation
Tissue renewal & repair
Neoplasia (Tumour)
Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Introduction to Basic chemical test
Athersclerosis

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
How drugs work?
P450 + Drugs metabolism
Drugs affecting sympathetic nervous system
Drugs effecting parasympathetic nervous system
Pharmacodynamic
Time course of drugs effect
Adverse reactions to drugs (ADRs)
Quantitation of drug effects

Immunology (Need to cover everything, this list is just based on lectures given)
Ancient and modern defences history
Innate Immunity
Antigen presentation pathways & the MHC
Antibodies & humoral response
T cell: Development (types and activation)
CD4 T cells in health and disease
CD8 T Cells/ NK Cells
B cell in health and disease
Regulatory T cells & autoimmunity
Adverse Response
Mucosal Immunity
Immune responses to infectious agents
Antimicrobial Drugs
Immunodeficiency / Transplantation, tumour immunology
Antibodies: applications in clinical immunology

Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Parasitology

Infect disease - Communicable diseases in a Global Context
Medically important bacteria
Medically important fungi
Subcellular pathogens, structure viruses & prions
Medically important parasites (Protozoa, Helminths)
Mechanisms of viral pathogenesis
Arthropod
Mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis
Investigating infection and immunity to mycobacterium
Pathogenic of parasitic disease

Paediatrics
Introduction to Childhood Development

Embryology
Early human embryonic development
Birth defects

Geriatric
The Aging Process

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Health Law

Population Medicine
The Malaysian Population Health
Principles of prevention & control
Environmental and health
Surveillance and outbreak management
Multicultural health cultural competency
Health promotion and health education

Imaging
Introduction to Imaging
Imaging of the Bones & Joints of the Upper Limb

Evident Based Medicine

What is EBM?

Dentistry
Oral Health
Dental infection

Problem Based Learning (PBL: Pathophysiology, Management)

Breast Cancer
Skin Infection
Tuberculosis
Infection; antibiotic hypersensitivity
Immunisation

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Block 3 MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCES

Emergency Medicine
Shock

Anatomy
All Lower limb
All Vertebral column
Surface anatomy of upper and lower limb (plenary)
Peripheral Nervous System

Pathology
Wound and fracture healing
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pathology of bone and joint, and bone tumour

Histology
Skin
Bone and cartilage structure

Biochemistry
Biochemical syntheses
Uric acid metabolism and medications

Physiology
Blood pressure and its fluctuation
Physiological feedback in CVS
Mineral homeostasis
Nerve structure and conduction
Synaptic transmission and the neuromuscular junction
Physiology of muscle
Nerve conduction in the arm
Exercise and muscle

Pharmacology
Opioids
Overview of drugs in arthritis – non-steroidal, steroids and DMARDs

Psychiatry
Impact of chronic illness

Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Parasitology

Skin and soft tissues in infection
Common skin diseases
Infections of bones and joints

Medical anthropology
Management of acute and chronic pain

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Medical Dermatology
The skin and health and healthy ageing
The dry, scaly and itching skin
Common skin diseases
Skin manifestations of immunological diseases

Medical Rheumatology
Management of osteoarthritis and drugs
How to use auto-antibodies for diagnosis (plenary)
Team approach to arthritis

Paediatrics, Embryology
Common skin diseases
Development of limbs

Geriatrics
Falls in the elderly

Population Medicine
Impact - musculoskeletal disease in the community

Imaging
Radiation safety
Lower limb – Radiology
Imaging of Nerves & Vessels of the upper limb
Introduction to nuclear medicine and musculoskeletal nuclear medicine
Surface anatomy of upper and lower limb (plenary)
Vertebral column – Radiology
Imaging the musculoskeletal system

Evident Based Medicine

Study designs

Medical Endocrinology
Osteoporosis - hormonal issues

Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Sports Medicine

Principles of rehabilitation
Causes and prevention of back pain
Principles of management of back pain
Exercise and muscle

Problem Based Learning (PBL: Pathophysiology, Management)

Fractured femur (Motor Vehicle Accident, MVA)
Neck of femur fractures, NOF & osteoporosis
Osteoarthritis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis
Back injury, sciatica

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Block 4 CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES

Anatomy
Thorax – Heart

Biochemistry
Lipids in heart disease

Physiology
Cardiac muscle function & electrophysiology
The heart as a pump - the cardiac cycle
Control of Cardiac Output
Pathophysiology of heart failure
Exercise and the heart
Autonomic cardiovascular physiology
Regulation of blood flow to tissues
Control of blood pressure

Pathology
Heart failure
Infective endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Aneurysm
Coronary artery disease
Abnormal development of the heart and vessels
Cardiomyopathy & sudden cardiac death

Paediatrics
Circulatory changes at birth
Support and medical services for Down syndrome
Identifying developmental delay
Gene expression in trisomy 21

Embryology
Development of heart and cardiovascular system

Medical Cardiology
Introduction to ECG
Clinical features of heart failure
Clinical features of valvular heart disease
Investigating cardiac function
Coronary artery disease & cardiac markes
The ECG in ischaemia
Secondary hypertension
Athlete heart syndrome
Cardiac Syncope

Surgery
Surgical management of valvular heart disease
Peripheral vascular disease

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Pharmacology
Drug treatment of heart failure
Pharmacological treatment of ischaemic heart disease
Pharmacology in hypertension
Anti-Arrythmic

Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Parasitology

Infective endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease

Geriatric

Psychology
Intellectual disability support and families
The Link between Depression & Cardiovascular Disease
Somatization
Doctors’ dilemmas: treating friends family

Population Medicine
Cardiovascular disease: PopMed Perspectives
Environment, epigenetics and foetal programming

Imaging
Thorax: Radiology
Investigation of paediatric cardiac abnormalities
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Angiography

Evident Based Medicine

Frequency
Prognosis

Ethics & Pharmacist’s Law

Medicolegal issues in information-giving
Drugs in the community

Renal Medicine
End organ damage in hypertension

Primary Care Medicine (PCM)

Risk factors and screening of hypertension
Clinical examination and investigation in hypertension

Problem Based Learning (PBL: Pathophysiology, Management)

Heart failure
Valvular heart disease
Myocardial ischaemia
Congenital heart disease related to Down syndrome
Hypertension
Simple faint

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Block 5 RESPIRATORY SCIENCES

Anatomy
All Thorax
All Head & Neck
Cranial Nerves

Embryology
Head & Neck: development

Histology
Normal airway structure

Respiratory Medicine
Respiratory symptoms and signs
Normal Lung Function
Mechanisms in asthma
Pathophysiology of airways dysfunction in COPD
Smoking related lung disease & smoking cessation
Control of breathing & respiratory failure
Pneumonia and its management
Respiratory tract infections
Tuberculosis (TB)

Physiology
Mechanics of breathing
The gas exchange unit: function
Respiratory acid-base disorders
Exocrine secretion
Epithelial transport
Ear Structure and functional testing

Biochemistry
Biochemical consequences of Oxygen Deficit and Excess
Cystic fibrosis as a genetic disorder

Pathology
Pathology related to smoking
Pathology of airways
Interstitial Lung Disease
Cancer of the lung
Pneumoconiosis
Common respiratory conditions

Pharmacology
Autonomic pharmacology
Drugs used in bronchial asthma & other common respiratory disorders
Sedatives and stimulants

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Parasitology, Microbiology, Infectious Disease

Parasitic infections of the respiratory system
Respiratory tract infections
Antimicrobial in respiratory diseases

Paediatrics
Chronic suppurative lung disease
Children in hospital
Immunisation

Dermatology
Mechanisms of cutaneous hypersensitivity

Ear Nose Throat

Ear infections
Hearing impairment and deafness in the community

Immunology
IgE mediated responses

Population Medicine
Road trauma - active and passive safety
Prevention and awareness of asthma
Advocacy & Lobbying for tobacco control
Evidence for tobacco as a cause of disease
Lung disease resulting from occupational exposures
Tuberculosis (TB)
Immunisation

Imaging
Normal chest X-Ray
Head & Neck: radiology
Cross-sectional anatomy of thorax and head and neck

Anaesthesiology
Smoking and anaesthetic risk

Psychological Medicine
Psychological effects of trauma
Stress and coping

Emergency Medicine
Overview of emergency medicine

Rehabilitation
Pulmonary rehabilitation in lung diseases

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Basic and Clinical Sciences Theme (BCS)

Problem Based Learning (PBL: Pathophysiology, Management)

Chest trauma, pneumothorax
Asthma
COPD
Interstitial lung disease
Sleep apnoea, respiratory failure
Cystic fibrosis
Pneumonia, Otitis media

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