1/2/2019 Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven

uring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles | SpringerLink

Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving

Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven
Reinforced Concrete Piles
Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering

July 2017, Volume 54, Issue 3, pp 150–154 | Cite as

H. Moayedi (1)
M. Mosallanezhad (2)
R. Nazir (3)

1. Kermanshah University of Technology, , Kermanshah, Iran

2. Shiraz University, , Shiraz, Iran
3. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, , Johor Bahru, Malaysia

SOIL MECHANICS
First Online: 25 August 2017

57 Downloads

Results of several full scale RC (reinforced concrete) pile load tests were studied and analyzed to create a comparison
between the MLT (maintained load test) and PDA (pile driving analyzer) methods. The ultimate pile capacities derived from
analysis of PDA were consistently higher than results from the MLT. A coefficient of 0.9 or a 10% reduction is suggested to
be applied to values derived from PDA. It is also observed that the longer the time interval, the greater the shaft friction
contribution is towards the pile capacity.

Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 3, pp. 9-13, May-June, 2017.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1 1/7
1/2/2019 Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles | SpringerLink

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References
1. R. Coduto, Foundation Design Principles And Practices, Prentice hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (2001).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=R.%20Coduto%2C%20Foundation%20Design%20Principles%20And%20Practices%2C%20Prentice%20hall%2C
%20Englewood%20Cliffs%2C%20New%20Jersey%20%282001%29.)
2. K. W. Ng, M. Roling, S. S. AbdelSalam, M. T. Suleiman, and S. Sritharan, "Pile setup in cohesive soil. Experimental
investigation," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 139, No. 2, 199-209 (2013).
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000751)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Pile%20setup%20in%20cohesive%20soil.%20Experimental%20investigation&author=KW.%20Ng&author=M.
%20Roling&author=SS.%20AbdelSalam&author=MT.%20Suleiman&author=S.%20Sritharan&journal=J.%20Geotec
h.%20Geoenviron.%20Eng.&volume=139&issue=2&pages=199-209&publication_year=2013)
3. M. E. Stringer and S. P. G. Madabhushi, "Axial load transfer in liquefiable soils for freestanding piles," Geotechnique,
63, No. 5, 400-409 (2013).
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=%22Axial%20load%20transfer%20in%20liquefiable%20soils%20for%20freestanding%20piles%2C%22%20Ge
otechnique%2C%2063%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1 2/7
1/2/2019 Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles | SpringerLink

%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&author=ME.%20Stringer&author=SPG.%20Madabhushi&journal=No.&volume=5&
pages=400-409&publication_year=2013)
4. D. F. Zou, "Behaviors of bearing capacity of ultralong bored piles," Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 35, No. 1, 388-392 (2013).
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Behaviors%20of%20bearing%20capacity%20of%20ultralong%20bored%20piles&author=DF.%20Zou&journal
=Chin.%20J.%20Geotech.%20Eng.&volume=35&issue=1&pages=388-392&publication_year=2013)
5. V. A. Baker, N. A. Thomsen, C. R. Nardi, and M. J. Talbot, "Pile foundation design using pile driving analyzer," Proc.
Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations, ASCE, 350-372 (1984).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=V.%20A.%20Baker%2C%20N.%20A.%20Thomsen%2C%20C.%20R.%20Nardi%2C%20and%20M.%20J.%20Talb
ot%2C%20%22Pile%20foundation%20design%20using%20pile%20driving%20analyzer%2C%22%20Proc.%20Analy
sis%20and%20Design%20of%20Pile%20Foundations%2C%20ASCE%2C%20350-372%20%281984%29.)
6. G. E. Likins, "Field measurements and the pile driving analyzer," Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on the Application of Stress
Wave Theory on Piles, Millpress, 298-305 (1984).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=G.%20E.%20Likins%2C%20%22Field%20measurements%20and%20the%20pile%20driving%20analyzer%2C%2
2%20Proc.%202nd%20Int.%20Conf.%20on%20the%20Application%20of%20Stress%20Wave%20Theory%20on%2
0Piles%2C%20Millpress%2C%20298-305%20%281984%29.)
7. K. Fakharian, "Case study on the application of Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and CAPWAP analysis to bearing
capacity of piles," Proc. The 10th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., International Society of Offshore and
Polar Engineers, 403-409 (2000).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=K.%20Fakharian%2C%20%22Case%20study%20on%20the%20application%20of%20Pile%20Driving%20Analyze
r%20%28PDA%29%20and%20CAPWAP%20analysis%20to%20bearing%20capacity%20of%20piles%2C%22%20Pro
c.%20The%2010th%20Int.%20Offshore%20and%20Polar%20Engineering%20Conf.%2C%20International%20Socie
ty%20of%20Offshore%20and%20Polar%20Engineers%2C%20403-409%20%282000%29.)
8. R. Mankbadi, A. Ramakrishna, and K. Y. Yang, "Reliability of pile driving analyzer for determination of axial capacity
of largediameter cylindrical pile: Case history," Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, USA, 32-36
(2010).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=R.%20Mankbadi%2C%20A.%20Ramakrishna%2C%20and%20K.%20Y.%20Yang%2C%20%22Reliability%20of%
20pile%20driving%20analyzer%20for%20determination%20of%20axial%20capacity%20of%20largediameter%20cy

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1 3/7
1/2/2019 Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles | SpringerLink

lindrical%20pile%3A%20Case%20history%2C%22%20Transportation%20Research%20Board%2C%20Washington
%2C%20DC%2C%20USA%2C%2032-36%20%282010%29.)
9. C. Lee, S. An, and W. Lee, "Real-time monitoring of SPT donut hammer motion and SPT energy transfer ratio using
digital line-scan camera and pile driving analyzer," Acta Geotechnica, 2, 1-10 (2013).
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Real-
time%20monitoring%20of%20SPT%20donut%20hammer%20motion%20and%20SPT%20energy%20transfer%20ra
tio%20using%20digital%20line-
scan%20camera%20and%20pile%20driving%20analyzer&author=C.%20Lee&author=S.%20An&author=W.%20Lee
&journal=Acta%20Geotechnica&volume=2&pages=1-10&publication_year=2013)
10. G. E. Likins and F. Rausche, "Correlation of CAPWAP with static load tests," Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. on the
Application of Stresswave Theory to Piles, Millpress, 153-165 (2004).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=G.%20E.%20Likins%20and%20F.%20Rausche%2C%20%22Correlation%20of%20CAPWAP%20with%20static%2
0load%20tests%2C%22%20Proc.%20of%20the%207th%20Int.%20Conf.%20on%20the%20Application%20of%20St
resswave%20Theory%20to%20Piles%2C%20Millpress%2C%20153-165%20%282004%29.)
11. M. Sakr, "Comparison between high strain dynamic and static load tests of helical piles in cohesive soils," Soil Dyn.
Earthq. Eng., 54, 20-30 (2013).
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.07.010)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Comparison%20between%20high%20strain%20dynamic%20and%20static%20load%20tests%20of%20helical
%20piles%20in%20cohesive%20soils&author=M.%20Sakr&journal=Soil%20Dyn.%20Earthq.%20Eng.&volume=54
&pages=20-30&publication_year=2013)
12. C. Rajagopal, C. H. Solanki, and Y. K. Tandel, "Comparison of static and dynamic load test of pile," Electron. J.
Geotech. Eng., 17, 1905-1914 (2012).
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Comparison%20of%20static%20and%20dynamic%20load%20test%20of%20pile&author=C.%20Rajagopal&au
thor=CH.%20Solanki&author=YK.%20Tandel&journal=Electron.%20J.%20Geotech.%20Eng.&volume=17&pages=1
905-1914&publication_year=2012)
13. F. Rausche, B. Richardson, and G. Likins, "Multiple blow CAPWAP analysis of pile dynamic records," Proc. of the 5th
International Conference on the Application of Stress-Wave Theory to Piles, Milpress, 435-446 (1996).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=F.%20Rausche%2C%20B.%20Richardson%2C%20and%20G.%20Likins%2C%20%22Multiple%20blow%20CAPW
AP%20analysis%20of%20pile%20dynamic%20records%2C%22%20Proc.%20of%20the%205th%20International%2

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1 4/7
1/2/2019 Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles | SpringerLink

0Conference%20on%20the%20Application%20of%20Stress-
Wave%20Theory%20to%20Piles%2C%20Milpress%2C%20435-446%20%281996%29.)
14. C. Alvarez, B. Zuckerman, and J. Lemke, "Dynamic Pile Analysis Using CAPWAP and Multiple Sensors," Proc. ASCE
GEO Congress, ASCE (2006).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=C.%20Alvarez%2C%20B.%20Zuckerman%2C%20and%20J.%20Lemke%2C%20%22Dynamic%20Pile%20Analysi
s%20Using%20CAPWAP%20and%20Multiple%20Sensors%2C%22%20Proc.%20ASCE%20GEO%20Congress%2C%
20ASCE%20%282006%29.)
15. G. E. Likins and F. Rausche, "What constitutes a good PDA test?," Proc. of the 8th International Conf. on the
Application of Stress Wave Theory to Piles, Millpress, 403-407 (2008).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=G.%20E.%20Likins%20and%20F.%20Rausche%2C%20%22What%20constitutes%20a%20good%20PDA%20test
%3F%2C%22%20Proc.%20of%20the%208th%20International%20Conf.%20on%20the%20Application%20of%20St
ress%20Wave%20Theory%20to%20Piles%2C%20Millpress%2C%20403-407%20%282008%29.)
16. F. Rausche, G. Likins, and M. Hussein, "Analysis of post-installation dynamic load test data for capacity evaluation of
deep foundations," From Research to Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, 312-330 (2008).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=F.%20Rausche%2C%20G.%20Likins%2C%20and%20M.%20Hussein%2C%20%22Analysis%20of%20post-
installation%20dynamic%20load%20test%20data%20for%20capacity%20evaluation%20of%20deep%20foundations
%2C%22%20From%20Research%20to%20Practice%20in%20Geotechnical%20Engineering%2C%20312-
330%20%282008%29.)
17. P. J. Bullock, "Advantages of dynamic pile testing," Proc. Full-Scale Testing and Foundation Design, ASCE, 694-709
(2012).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
q=P.%20J.%20Bullock%2C%20%22Advantages%20of%20dynamic%20pile%20testing%2C%22%20Proc.%20Full-
Scale%20Testing%20and%20Foundation%20Design%2C%20ASCE%2C%20694-709%20%282012%29.)
18. J. E. Bowles, Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, Illinois (1996).
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Foundation%20
Analysis%20and%20Design%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20&a
uthor=JE.%20Bowles&publication_year=1996)
19. G. G. Goble and F. Rausche, "Pile load test by impact driving," Proc. Highway Research Record (1970).

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1 5/7
1/2/2019 Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles | SpringerLink

Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?

q=G.%20G.%20Goble%20and%20F.%20Rausche%2C%20%22Pile%20load%20test%20by%20impact%20driving%2
C%22%20Proc.%20Highway%20Research%20Record%20%281970%29.)
20. F. Rausche, G. G. Goble, and G. E. Likins, "Dynamic determination of pile capacity," J. Geotech. Eng., 111, No. 3, 367-
383 (1985).
CrossRef (https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1985)111%3A3(367))
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?
title=Dynamic%20determination%20of%20pile%20capacity&author=F.%20Rausche&author=GG.%20Goble&autho
r=GE.%20Likins&journal=J.%20Geotech.%20Eng.&volume=111&issue=3&pages=367-383&publication_year=1985)
21. G. Axelsson, "Long-term increase in shaft capacity of driven piles in sand," Proc. 4th International Conference on
Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering (1998).
Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=G.%20Axelsson%2C%20%22Long-
term%20increase%20in%20shaft%20capacity%20of%20driven%20piles%20in%20sand%2C%22%20Proc.%204th%
20International%20Conference%20on%20Case%20Histories%20in%20Geotechnical%20Engineering%20%281998
%29.)

Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017

About this article

Cite this article as:
Moayedi, H., Mosallanezhad, M. & Nazir, R. Soil Mech Found Eng (2017) 54: 150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1

First Online 25 August 2017

DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1
Publisher Name Springer US
Print ISSN 0038-0741
Online ISSN 1573-9279

About this journal

Reprints and Permissions

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1 6/7
1/2/2019 Evaluation of Maintained Load Test (MLT) and Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) in Measuring Bearing Capacity of Driven Reinforced Concrete Piles | SpringerLink

Personalised recommendations

1. Seismic vulnerability of air traffic control towers

Vafaei, Mohammadreza… Alih, Sophia C.
Natural Hazards (2017)

2. Relevance and Prestige of Information in Air Traffic Control Towers

Durso, Francis T.… Morris, John
Air Traffic Control Quarterly (2017)

3. Operational Errors in Air Traffic Control Towers

Cardosi, Kim
Air Traffic Control Quarterly (2017)

Want recommendations via email? Sign up now Powered by:

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Part of Springer Nature.

Not logged in Not affiliated 211.25.3.74

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11204-017-9449-1 7/7