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Abstract---The voltage between drain and source of drive circuit, and try to reduce it. The EMI noise
MOSFET during switching actions in Boost converter, in
most cases, is considered as the major source of produced by the drive of MOSFET is shown in section II;
electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, the drive
section III presents a detailed explanation to the
circuit of MOSFET, when along with an overshoot, which
commonly exists, can also be another important EMI source. formation of the noise; and then the solution to reduce the
This paper analyzes the principle of the overshoot of drive
voltage, and then proposes a method to suppress excess EMI noise is proposed and testified in section IV; and in final,
emission by eliminating the drive overshoot for Boost section V concludes the paper.
converter. The effectiveness of the EMI suppression method
is testified by experiments.
II. EMI NOISE CAUSED BY MOSFET DRIVE CIRCUIT
Keywords: modeling; overshoot; EMI; suppression
The circuit diagram of Boost converter and the line
I. INTRODUCTION impedance stabilization network (LISN) is shown in Fig.
1. The EMI noise can be measured by the LISN through
EMI issues become increasingly important to the power
such a connection. In order to analyze and measure EMI
electronics device because of their influences to the
of Boost converter, including the EMI emission from the
reliability and accuracy of the system [1]. The conducted
drive circuit of MOSFET, a prototype of Boost converter
EMI noise can cause polluted signals into other electronic
with fixed duty cycle of 40% is built. The input for the
circuits and equipments. The switching actions of the
main circuit is 220 V AC source, and the load for the
MOSFET and diode are the primary sources of the
prototype is 2 k Ω . The power supply of the control unit
conducted EMI [2-5], thus it is significant to research the
is provided by a 15 V DC source, which is isolated with
EMI characteristic of the switching signals. As for Boost
the AC supply so that the EMI emission of the drive
converter, many papers, such as [6-8], have conducted
circuit can be measured separately.
researches on the EMI characteristics and put forward
some methods to reduce EMI noise. For example, [7]
investigated the EMI in Boost PFC converter in detail
including the EMI noise source and its propagation paths.
Many of them, such as [6-9], focused on the voltage
between drain and source of MOSFET and considered it
as the only major source of EMI noise. In fact, the drive
of MOSFET also has large impact on EMI emission, and
it is well known that we can slow down the rising and
falling process of VDS (the voltage between drain and Fig. 1 Boost converter connected with LISN
III. MECHANISM OF THE NOISE SOURCE There are two states as V3 switches up and down. When
V3 is in high level, M2 turns on and the equivalent circuit
In order to discover the mechanism of the EMI noise
is shown in Fig. 5; and when V3 is in low level, M3 turns
generated by gate drive circuit, we measured the
on and the equivalent circuit is shown in Fig.6. There are
waveform of drive, which is the voltage between gate and
two transient processes when V3 switches up and down,
source of MOSFET. The measured result is presented in
and the transition can be described by Fig.5 and Fig.6,
Fig.3, and the result shows that there is an overshoot in
respectively.
the rising edge. The overshoot of the drive voltage
commonly exists but is undesirable, because it will not
only increases the voltage stress and ringing, but also
brings some EMI noise to the whole system. Therefore,
further investigation is performed to explore the
formation of such an overshoot.
Fig.5 V3 switches up Fig.6 V3 switches down
227
In Fig.6, when the switch turns on, it is simply a According to the discussion above, when the drive control
discharge process of gate capacitor C3 and will not signal switches from low to high, it is very possible to
produce the overshoot. While in Fig.5, since the bring an overshoot; and when it drops down, there is no
capacitance, the inductances and the resistances are overshoot.
connected in series, using Laplace transformation, a In order to testify the discussion above, a simulation is
simplified circuit is obtained in Fig. 7. conducted for the drive circuit. We extract the parasitic
parameters from the prototype, and the circuit used to
simulate in Pspice software is shown in Fig.8.
L1 R1 D1
1 2
100nH 1 M2 MUR140
R2 M1 R5
15V V3
1
R4
1
V1 C5 M3 D2 C7 1k
2.7k
2
L3 R3
1 2
Fig. 7 Equivalent circuit when the drive gets high 100nH 1
0
The expression of the drive voltage can be induced from Fig.8 Simulation circuit in Pspice
15
R
− 2L )
(s + R )2 + 1 −R
2 10
2
2L LC 4L
According to (2), using inverse Laplace transformation, 5
we can get the drive voltage in time domain, that is, 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
U c (t ) = L−1[U c ( s )] Time/s
x 10
-5
−
R
t R −
R
t
(3)
= U ⋅ (1 − e 2L
⋅ sin ωt − ⋅e 2L
⋅ cos ωt ) Fig. 9 Simulated result of drive voltage
2 Lω
The overshoot of the drive voltage has dramatic influence
2
where ω =12
−R (4) on EMI emission, and it is considered as a serious EMI
LC 4 L2
noise source in drive circuit of the Boost converter.
A similar expression can be derived as
Meanwhile, the harmonics of the trapezoidal waveform of
R
− t 1 the drive voltage make contributions to EMI emission of
Uc (t) = U ⋅ (1− e 2L
⋅ sin(ωt +ϕ)) (5)
R2C drive circuit. In this paper, we focus on the overshoot of
1− the drive voltage. In the following section, a method is
4L
proposed to eliminate the overshoot of drive voltage.
From (5), the drive voltage will oscillate as long as:
L
R<2 (6)
C
228
IV. SOLUTION TO REDUCE THE EMI NOISE between the situations with and without the 4.7uF
capacitor.
Here we try to reduce the EMI noise from drive circuit of
Boost converter by eliminating the overshoot of drive
voltage. According to section III, overshoot will not
appear if the expression (6) is not satisfied, which can be Without Capacitor
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-5
Time/s x 10
229
V. CONCLUSION [2] D. Divan and B. Boroyevich, “Future Converters, Circuits, and
After the overshoot of MOSFET drive voltage is Wiley, New York, 1992.
eliminated, the EMI emission from drive circuit is [5] M. J. Nave, “Power Line Filter Design for Switched-Mode”,
reduced, and the EMI performance of the whole Boost Power Supplies, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.
converter is improved. It can be deduced that the [6] E. M. Hertz, S. Busquets-Monge, D. Boroyevich, M. Arpilliere
overshoots of drive voltages in other power converters are and H. Boutillier, “Analysis of the tradeoffs between thermal
also EMI sources, the proposed method can be used to behavior and EMI noise levels in a Boost PFC circuit,” IAS 2001,
suppress EMI in other converters as well. pp. 2460 –2465.
[7] Liyu Yang, Bing Lu, Wei Dong, Zhiguo Lu, Ming Xu, F. C. Lee
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT and W. G. Odendaal, “Modeling and Characterization of a 1KW
REFERENCES with low common mode EMI: modeling and design,” APEC 2000,
230