Effectiveness of Sleeping Hours : Academic Performance and Productivity of Grade 10

students in J.P Sioson General Hospital and Colleges , Inc. – High School Department

Submitted to
Miss Margarette Rose C. Villaflor

Submitted by
Cerezo, Frances Nicole
Matitu, Diana Mae H.
Narvasa, Jonalyn Riem B.
 CHAPTER 1 : The Problem and its Setting

Introduction

Sleep is an important part of our daily routine . We spend about one-third of our
time doing it. Quality sleep and getting enough of it at the right times is as essential to
survival as food and water. Without sleep we can’t form or maintain the pathways in our
brain that let us learn and create new memories, and it’s harder to concentrate and respond
quickly.

Sleep is important to a number of brain functions, including how nerve cells

(neurons) communicate with each other. In fact, our brain and body stay remarkably active
while we sleep. Recent findings suggest that sleep plays a housekeeping role that removes
toxins in our brain that build up while we are awake.

Sleep affects almost every type of tissue and system in the body – from the brain,
heart, and lungs to metabolism, immune function, mood, and disease resistance. Research
shows that a chronic lack of sleep, or getting poor quality sleep, increases the risk of
disorders including high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and
obesity.

Adequate sleep optimally impacts mental functioning and therefore impacts

students’ performance on examinations and ultimately grades received. The pattern of
sleep one experiences in a 24-hour period directly correlates with physical health, mood,
and mental functioning. Suboptimal sleep is a national problem, with more than a quarter
of the US adult population not obtaining the recommended 7 hours of sleep each night.

Cognitive performance is susceptible to inadequate sleep durations, defined as

fewer than 7 hours a day for adults. Inadequate sleep decreases general alertness and
impairs attention, resulting in slowed cognitive processing. Lack of adequate sleep also
interferes with the function of brain structures critical to cognitive processes. The most
notably impacted structure is the prefrontal cortex, which executes higher brain functions
including language, working memory, logical reasoning, and creativity.

Studies assessing the impact of sleep on academic performance focus primarily

on teens, adolescents, and undergraduate students.

Specific study objectives were to identify sleep patterns among students and the
frequency of daytime sleepiness during the school week and to assess the association
between sleep duration and academic performance among these students.

Statement of the Problem

The research focuses on whether does the sleeping hours affects the academic
performance and productivity of grade 10 students in J.P Sioson General Hospital and
Colleges , Inc. – High School Department. It also aims to answer the following questions.

 How much time of sleep does a student need to recharge their energy?
 What are the possible effects of sleeping for more than 8 hours? What are
the possible effects of sleeping for less than 8 hours?
 What are the effects of sleeping late with the academic performance of the
students?

Assumptions

1. The grade 10 students will answer the questionnaire and surveys given to
them by the researchers truthfully and accurately.
 2. Some grade 10 students will not answer the questionnaire and surveys given
to them by the researchers truthfully and some of them will tend to lie
specifically to those students who does not want to get caught sleeping late.
3. The grade 10 students will have sincere interest in participating in the
research and does not have any other motives.

Hypothesis

 The average amount of sleep a student need to recharge their energy is

between 8 to 10 hours sleep.
 A student who oversleep will experience a number of side effects as their
bodies struggle to sync up with the right time.
 Sleeping less than 8 hours of as student will affect their overall health and
will make them prone to serious medical conditions.
 The sleeping late of students will affect his/her academic performance in
school.

The possible results that can be receive from the survey may be negative due to
their amount of sleep. The grade 10 students' productivity may not seen or it decrease
depending on the given task or it would be productive but it will not be perfect or will
receive a satisfying results.

Significance of the Study

 The study will let the researcher know if the sleeping hours of the students
affects their productivity in school.
 The research would serve as an eye-opener for the students and also to the
parents to become aware on whether the sleeping hours of the students
affect their productivity and to guide their child for their sleeping habits.
  The research may also help the teachers to advice or to teach their students
the amount of sleeping hours they need.
 The result of the study may improve the knowledge of the students and help
them to raise awareness regarding to their sleeping habits and to able them
to manage their time of sleep.
 The result of the study may give an idea or knowledge about this topic.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This research is focused on whether does the sleeping hours affects the productivity
of a student in studying or not , specifically on the grade 10 students . The researcher will
only look from the past and recent researches that can support the information gathered.
Therefore, it only aim to answer the objectives of the research.

The grade 10 students are only on the year of 2018-2019, in that case, any changes
and adding of information done beyond the given year is not within the scope by this study.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Sleeping hours Students

(Effectiveness (Amount of
on students) sleep they
need)

Productivity
(Energy they
need in school)
 Paradigm 1.1 showing the effects of one variable to another and its connection

The paradigm shows the connection of the variables of the research which shows the
effects of the sleeping hours to the productivity of the students in school.

Shorter time in bed during weekdays, and later weekend sleeping hours correlate
with smaller brain grey matter volumes in frontal, anterior cingulate, and precuneus cortex
regions. Poor school grade average associates with later weekend bedtime and smaller grey
matter volumes in medial brain regions. The medial prefrontal - anterior cingulate cortex
appears most tightly related to the adolescents’ variations in sleep habits, as its volume
correlates inversely with both weekend bedtime and wake up time, and also with poor
school performance. These findings suggest that sleep habits, notably during the weekends,
have an alarming link with both the structure of the adolescent brain and school
performance, and thus highlight the need for informed interventions.

Staying up late combined with early morning awakenings for school easily lead to
insufficient sleep and accumulation of sleep debt during the school week. Adolescents
typically attempt to pay back their sleep debt during weekends, especially by sleeping in
on weekend mornings. Since the combination of delayed bedtimes and early school start
times results in sleep debt for a large portion of the adolescent population

According to the epidemiological and experimental sleep restriction studies ,

insufficient and/or late timing of sleep potentially has a large spectrum of negative effects
on adolescents’ academic success, health, and safety. Both short sleep and late sleeping
hours have been shown to correlate with poor school performance, possibly via a pathway
involving reduced attention and increased daytime somnolence. Cognitive processes
supported by the networks associated with the prefrontal cortex, such as attention and
executive functions, appear especially sensitive to sleep loss.
 Despite the detrimental effects of poor and inadequate sleep on adolescent academic
success and health, evidence on the effects of long-term sleep habits on the developing
adolescents’ brain structure is still lacking.

Definition of Terms

Sleep - the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes closed, the postural
muscles relaxed, and consciousness practically suspended.
Nerve cells - a neuron
Toxins - an antigenic poison or venom of plant or animal origin, especially one
produced by or derived from microorganisms and causing disease when present at low
concentration in the body.
Housekeeping - the management of household affairs.
Metabolism - the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in
order to maintain life.
Immune - the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by
the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.
Disease resistance - the ability of some organisms to withstand the attack of
pathogens and remain virtually unaffected.
Chronic - having a particular bad habit.
Mood - a temporary state of mind or feeling.
Diabetes - resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated
levels of glucose in the blood and urine.
Correlates - have a mutual relationship or connection, in which one thing affects
or depends on another.
Suboptimal sleep - less than optimal : not at the best possible level
Cognitive performance - relating to the mental process involved in knowing,
learning, and understanding things.
 Susceptible - relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and
understanding things.
Inadequate - lacking the quality or quantity required; insufficient for a purpose.
Impairs - If something impairs something such as an ability or the way
something works, it damages it or makes it worse.
Interferes - prevent (a process or activity) from continuing or being carried out
properly.
Notably - in a way that is unusual or interesting, or more than you would expect
Prefrontal cortex - It is implicated in a variety of complex behaviors, including
planning, and greatly contributes to personality development.
Execute - to carry out fully
Academic performance - refers to the level of schooling you have successfully
completed and the ability to attain success in your studies.
Adolescent - the process of developing from a child into an adult.
Specific - clearly defined
Objectives - a thing aimed at or sought; a goal.
Patterns - an arrangement or sequence regularly found in comparable objects or
events.
Frequency - an arrangement or sequence regularly found in comparable objects
or events.
Productivity - the effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as
measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input.
Procrastination - the action of delaying or postponing something.
Sluggishness - slow-moving or inactive.