A LESSON PLAN IN BIOLOGY FOR GRADE 10

December 6, 2018
Imee Rose H. Guerra
I. OBJECTIVE
At the end of a 60-minute period, the learners will be able to describe the process of
translation
II. SUBJECT MATTER
TRANSCRIPTION
A. Reference
Science Grade 10 Teacher’s Guide 199-202
Science Grade 10 Teacher’s Material pages 273-275
B. Materials
Pictures, Reading Materials, Cartolina, Manila Paper, Markers, Answer Sheets
C. Ideas
 The sequence of nucleotides in DNA directs the order of nucleotides in
messenger RNA in a process called transcription
 There are three major types of RNA that help build proteins: mRNA,
rRNA, and tRNA
 The mRNA carries the information in DNA to the ribosomes found in the
cytoplasm
D. Processes
Describing
E. Value
Collaboration, Appreciation
I. PROCEDURE
TEACHER ACTIVITY STUDENT ACTIVITY
A. Preliminary Activities

Opening Prayer
Okay Ms.Aranas will lead the Christian Prayer (Students lead the prayer)
and Mr. Egue for the Muslim prayer.
Greeting
Good morning, class!
Good morning, Ma’am Imee! Good morning,
Checking of Attendance classmates!
Class monitor, please check the attendance of
your classmates for today. Yes, Ma’am.

Checking of Assignment
Okay please submit the assignment I gave you
last meeting. (Students check their assignments while the
teacher gives the answers)
Write the score and the name of the checker.
Then pass your assignments to the front.

ELICIT
Review of Past Lesson The DNA Replication ma’am.
What was our topic last meeting?

So, what is DNA Replication? DNA replication is the process by which

DNA makes a copy of itself during cell
division. The process of making an identical
 copy of a section of double-stranded DNA,
using existing DNA as a template for the
synthesis of new DNA strands.

Very Good! How does your DNA replicate? It starts by the unzipping od DNA strand by
the Helicase mam.

Yes correct! What happens next? What does It adds up necessary base pairs ma’am.
DNA polymerase do?

That’s right! Lastly, what happens then? Ligase glues up the new strands ma’am.

Very good! You have well understood the lesson. No ma’am

Any questions regarding DNA Replication?

Okay now let’s proceed to our next topic.

ENGAGE (Activity 1: Jumbled Letters)

Okay class, before we start our lesson; let us have
a short activity first. I have here jumbled letters Yes, ma’am.
with me, and you have form a word out of them.
You will be divided into two groups and you will
match the meaning of the words you have
formed. Afterwards, you will share them with the
class. Then we will define these words
afterwards in our definition of terms.
Understood? You only have 3-5 minutes to form
the words assigned to your group.

Okay time’s up! Let’s see what words have you

formed. RNA Polymerase, Nucleotides, Coding
Strand, Ribosome
Okay thank you. Now let’s check your answers
Now class, as we can recall last meeting that
Central Dogma includes 3 processes to produce
a certain protein.

What do you think are these proteins for?

Our body uses protein to build and repair
tissues. You also use protein to make
Yes, very good. enzymes, hormones, and other body
chemicals.
Today, we will discuss the second part of all the
processes which is the Transcription, kindly read At the end of the lesson, the learners will be
the objectives. able to describe transcription.

For now, let’s go back to the words you have

formed earlier and define them.
Now the first word is:
 RNA Polymerase – an enzyme that builds
a new RNA molecule through base
pairing
 Coding Strand – part of the DNA where
RNA attaches itself Yes ma’am
 Ribosome – a part of the cell where
proteins are manufactured
Yes ma’am.
  Nucleotide – building blocks of DNA and
RNA strand
EXPLORE (Activity 2: Getting to know
Transcription)
Now class we have defined Transcription as the
process which DNA copies itself to form RNA.
Transcription is the first step in Protein
Synthesis. What is the role of DNA in protein
synthesis?

So let’s relate transcription in a car factory. In

order to form a car, you need to have your car
parts right? Now in a factory, engineers tell
workers how to make cars and the workers
follow directions to build the cars. Suppliers
bring parts to the factory so they can be installed
in the car. Protein production is similar to car
production. It is the role of the DNA to provide
workers with the instructions for making the
proteins, and the workers build the proteins.
Other workers known as amino acids bring parts
to the factory. RNA molecules or the workers for
protein synthesis get the instructions from the
DNA on how the protein should be assembled.
But today we will only focus on the first step
which is Transcription.

Now let’s have another group activity. You

already have your groups right?
Yes ma’am.
Okay, in your activity, I will give you an
envelope with your activity sheet containing the
steps in Transcription. You will arrange them in
order. It also contains 3 set of pictures that you
will match to what step of Transcription it
represents. Is that clear class? You will be given
5-10 minutes to answer your activity. You also
present your work to the class.

(after 10 minutes)

Okay class, time’s up! Please present your

answers now.
(Groups 1-4 present their answers)

The first step in Transcription is Initiation

where RNA polymerase enzyme binds and opens
the DNA molecule that will be transcribed

Next is Elongation, As the DNA molecule

opens, the RNA links free RNA nucleotides
that pair with the nitrogenous bases of the
complementary DNA strand.
Match the events that happen in each stage of
Transcription that is in the box and arrange
them to which comes first from step 1 to step
3
 Then finally, in Termination, When base-
pairing is completed, the RNA molecule
breaks away as the DNA strands rejoin. The
Okay, thank you so much everyone for sharing RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the
your answers. Let us now proceed with our cytoplasm.
discussion
EXPLAIN (Activity 3. Flowchart)
Thank you so much class for participating. Now
let’s get into our discussion. Our lesson is all
about Transcription which is the second step of
our Protein Synthesis. How does Transcription
happen?

There are 3 steps involved in Transcription. What

are these steps?

Yes! Those are the major steps that happen in Initiation, Elongation and Termination
your Transcription. ma’am.
So let’s see in this illustration how these steps
happen. So class, do you have any idea what part In the nucleus ma’am.
of the cell Transcription takes place?

Yes that’s correct!

Now let’s take a look at this illustration, the first

step in Transcription is Initiation. During this
phase, your RNA polymerase binds with your
DNA strand and opens it. Take note of the word, Yes ma’am.
‘binding’, because it is what basically happens
during this stage. Understood?

So okay in step 2, Elongation, your base pairing

happens in your nitrogenous bases which are
done by your RNA nucleotides. So instead of
Thymine pairing Adenine, that will be replaced Yes ma’am.
by your Uracil. In this phase you have to take
note of the word ‘pairing’. Understood?

Okay, the last stage is Termination. During this

phase, the base pairing stops because your RNA
polymerase reaches your Termination point.
Then your RNA molecule breaks away as your
DNA strands rejoin. Finally RNA molecule
leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm
carrying the product of your Transcription which
is mRNA or messenger RNA which carries the
information needed in Protein Synthesis which
happens in the next phase which is Translation.
It leads to the ribosome where the next stage
starts.

Now those are the major steps in your

transcription. Do you understand everything
class?
Any questions? So let’s go on with our group
activity, you have to make a flowchart of the
events that happen in the stages of Transcription.
I will be providing you your cartolina as well as
your answer sheet. Then a representative from
your group will share your answers with the
class. Is that clear class? Now your report will be
graded according to a rubric.
(Teacher presents rubric)

(After 10 minutes)

Okay time’s up! Please paste you group work on

the board now.
Let’s start the presentation with group 1.
Okay thank you so much group 1. How about for in elongation, base pairing of RNA molecules
group 2
Okay, thank you! let’s have Group 3.
And lastly group 4.
Thank you very much everyone!
During initiation, binding of RNA
Polymerase in the DNA strand happens. Then
happen.
In termination, the RNA polymerase reaches
the stop point of the DNA strand. The RNA
molecules leaves the nucleus and goes to the
cytoplasm carrying the message which makes
it the mRNA

ELABORATE
Okay again, Transcription happen in 3 stages,
Initiation which binding of RNA polymerase
happens, then in elongation, we have the pairing RNA carries the information needed in
up of base pairs. Lastly we have termination making proteins during Transcription.
which stops the pairing of RNA molecules and
breaking away of RNA molecule out of the
nucleus carrying the information needed in
Protein Synthesis. Now what is the role of RNA
in making proteins in the cell?

Yes, that is how RNA functions, Through

transcription, the information form DNA is
transcribed to RNA in order to produce proteins.
Is everything clear class?
Do you have any questions?
Yes ma’am.
Very well. Please get your pens for a short quiz. No ma’am.

EVALUATE (Quiz)

Name:
Grade & Section:
Part I: Below are events that happen during
Transcription. Identify what stage does each
event happen. Write I if it happens during
Initiation, E for Elongation and T for
termination.
___ 1. RNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the
cytoplasm
___ 2. RNA polymerase binds to the DNA strand
and opens the DNA molecule to be transcribed
___ 3. The RNA nucleotides pairs up
nitrogenous bases to its complementary DNA
strand
___ 4. When all the nitrogenous bases are paired
up to their bases, the molecule breaks away or
stops the process.
___ 5. In RNA base pairing, Adenine is paired up
with Uracil as its complementary base pair.

Part II. Give the corresponding DNA and mRNA

code of the given codon below.

TACGGCAACAGCACT
DNA:
mRNA:

EXTEND
Okay class for you assignment, in a ½ crosswise,
write at least 3 sentences explaining why
Transcription is essential in the next step of
protein synthesis which is Translation.