Publika shopping mall is a modern integrated development that also offers offices,

residential suites and other retail lots, thus major electricity consumption is needed to
ensure well-functioned of these places. The management team is currently working on
implementing energy-saving features into the development. They are targeting to
reduce the energy consumption by at least 20%.

It was determined that HVAC system account for 40-60% of the total electricity
consumption with lighting in the second place accounting for the 20-30% and then
comes to escalators and lift and so on. Possible factors affecting energy consumption
in Publika Shopping Mall for example, visitor flow, length of opening times and the
type of business tenants do. These factors become even more important if we consider
the population density and the larger lighting load and the higher air-conditioning
needs.

The average energy consumption for the shopping mall is about 300 kWh per
square metre, and they generate high levels of CO2 emissions and waste. Air
conditioning and ventilation are the other major area where savings can be made in
shopping centers. More use of natural air currents flowing through the building is
essential. This has entailed the guiding of the air flow upwards towards ceiling vents
and to exterior doors, and then regulating its temperature based on conditions outside.

In general, there is a supermarket named B.I.G. supermarket located at the level

UG of this shopping mall. Due to the high demand for refrigeration, it has
significantly higher energy consumption than the others. Among non-food stores,
energy consumption also varies depending on the sizes and functions.

It is concluded that the most cost effective way of increasing energy efficiency
for this shopping mall would be through improvements in HVAC controls. Then, they
has also embarked on including the adoption of timer management through the
Building Automation System and switching off mechanical systems such as escalators,
lifts and ventilation systems in stages or completely during off-peak periods.

Potential Environmental Issues:

Publika Shopping Mall has become the central of the Solaris City, and not just for
shopping; the food courts offer a delicious range of cuisines, there are often events, art
exhibitions and activities for children. Air conditioning devices are widely used for
cooling.

-Electrical consumption from lighting and air-conditioning

-Reduce the air conditioners temperature as an energy saving measure to mitigate

global warming.

-Allow flexibility in setting up the temperatures at comfortable levels, depends on

outdoor temperatures, thus it will be possible to decrease the energy consumption.

https://www.japanfs.org/en/news/archives/news_id027904.html

All forms of electricity generation have an environmental impact on air, water

and land, but it varies. Producing and using electricity more efficiently reduces both
the amount of fuel needed to generate electricity and the amount of greenhouse gases
and other air pollution emitted as a result. Most electricity is produced by burning
coal. Burning of coal is highly polluting and highly releasing carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. Electricity from renewable resources such as solar, geothermal, and wind
generally does not contribute to climate change or local air pollution since no fuel are
combust.

https://www.epa.gov/energy/learn-about-energy-and-its-impact-environm
ent

Suggestions on Conserving the Electricity Consumption:

- HVAC system controls

HVAC controls are used to precisely control space temperature and ventilation
airflow. Using specialized sensors that respond to space demand and external weather
conditions save considerable energy. HVAC controls consist of a series of sensors and
controllers relaying information over a network. Sensors are typically equipped to
measure temperature, humidity, air flow and air quality at various points in the
building, within the air distribution network, cooling plants and also on the exterior of
the building.
- Lighting controls

The savings incurred by using efficient lighting for example LED light can be
further optimized by the use of different kinds of lighting control available. Lighting
control ensures the light is provided where and when it is needed in the right amount
while maximizing the use of daylight and minimizing the lighting energy wastage.
Lighting controls typically include occupancy sensors, daylight sensors, dimmers etc
and save approximately 20-50% of total lighting energy consumption. Areas such as
garages, corridors, stair wells and other areas where there are less people have
movement detection device or time-controlled lighting. Simply as a means to only
keep the lights on when necessary in there areas.

- Energy saving devices for escalators

Escalators do offer some big opportunities for energy-saving if you can figure out
how to cut power consumption during those periods when they chug along without
any passengers by slowing down the escalators when it is empty, essentially putting it
into sleep mode.

- Active Solar Systems

Active solar power setups rely on external energy sources or backup systems,
such as radiators and heat pumps, to capture, store and then convert solar energy into
electricity. The solar collectors use liquid or air as conductors to store and convert
energy. Those that use liquid are known as hydronic collectors, while those that
contain air are called air collectors. Liquid conductors are more common than those
that are air-based, as liquid is generally more efficient at conducting heat, though
air-based solar systems have the benefit of not freezing.

- Passive Solar Systems

 In contrast to active solar systems, passive systems operate without the reliance
on external devices. Rather, such as in greenhouse, solariums and sunrooms, solar
energy captures sunbeams through glass windows that absorb and retain heat.