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CHAPTER I

The Problem and Its Scope

The text ordinarily begins with an introduction. This may be Chapter 1; if it is short, it may be simply being headed as
“Introduction.” In theses or dissertations, the introductory part or Chapter 1 consists of the following:

Introduction/Background of the Study

This is a brief statement of the origin of the problem. It is an account describing the circumstances, which suggested
the research. It may include a justification of the selection or choice of the study. Or What considerations motivate the
writer towards the choice of a research topic? (Rationale)

Cause (independent variable) to effect (dependent variable) based on the title


The Valuing system of the Filipinos – study (bigger area)
Determinants of the valuing system of plight of migrant workers – research

First paragraph – talk about the dependent variable


What is meant by community valuing system? Answers the question, what he study is about

Second paragraph – talk about independent as discussed by other authors

Nonetheless, … such factors, …

Third paragraph – talk about the fact that the independent variable has not been explored in past literature

Fourth paragraph – give impressions about the importance of exploring psycho-social determinants influencing
Hypothesis (theory): (should be generic, abstract, not measurable, always generalizable, therefore universally
accepted

Statement of the Problem

The problem studied must be shown as one that arose from a situation of need or resolved difficulties. The reader
must be made to recognize this need.
• The problem should be stated precisely, accurately, and clearly
• It can be stated either in the declarative or interrogative form.
• It can be one main statement/ questions, or a series of statements/ questions, or a combination of these
forms.
• The problem should be defined in terms of the data that can be obtained.

Hypotheses

Hypotheses are tentative statements about a given population. They serve as a tentative answer to one or more of
the research questions, and are subjected to a statistical test.

• The hypotheses should be stated in a testable form.


• The level of significance usually at .05 levels should be set before testing.
• Both the research and null hypotheses should be stated.
• Qualitative research does not test hypotheses.

Significance of the Study

This part is usually required of research proposals so that the research can be justified. In the final report, however,
the significance does not have to be stressed by the researcher. The study should justify itself. However, in colleges
and universities where it is required as part of the report, this section should state why the problem investigated is
important, and what significance the results have. It should include a statement on relevance to felt needs, the
potential contribution of the research to new knowledge, and policy implications and other possible uses for its
results.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Limits of the study need to be properly defined. The scope is expected to indicate a reasonable area of study, which is
large enough to be significant but narrow enough to permit careful treatment.
The scope of the problem should be stated specifically. The nature of any subjects treated, their number, the
treatments they received, and any limitations that exist in the reference population, instruments or research design
should be stated.

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