Documente Academic
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The text ordinarily begins with an introduction. This may be Chapter 1; if it is short, it may be simply being headed as
“Introduction.” In theses or dissertations, the introductory part or Chapter 1 consists of the following:
This is a brief statement of the origin of the problem. It is an account describing the circumstances, which suggested
the research. It may include a justification of the selection or choice of the study. Or What considerations motivate the
writer towards the choice of a research topic? (Rationale)
Third paragraph – talk about the fact that the independent variable has not been explored in past literature
Fourth paragraph – give impressions about the importance of exploring psycho-social determinants influencing
Hypothesis (theory): (should be generic, abstract, not measurable, always generalizable, therefore universally
accepted
The problem studied must be shown as one that arose from a situation of need or resolved difficulties. The reader
must be made to recognize this need.
• The problem should be stated precisely, accurately, and clearly
• It can be stated either in the declarative or interrogative form.
• It can be one main statement/ questions, or a series of statements/ questions, or a combination of these
forms.
• The problem should be defined in terms of the data that can be obtained.
Hypotheses
Hypotheses are tentative statements about a given population. They serve as a tentative answer to one or more of
the research questions, and are subjected to a statistical test.
This part is usually required of research proposals so that the research can be justified. In the final report, however,
the significance does not have to be stressed by the researcher. The study should justify itself. However, in colleges
and universities where it is required as part of the report, this section should state why the problem investigated is
important, and what significance the results have. It should include a statement on relevance to felt needs, the
potential contribution of the research to new knowledge, and policy implications and other possible uses for its
results.
Limits of the study need to be properly defined. The scope is expected to indicate a reasonable area of study, which is
large enough to be significant but narrow enough to permit careful treatment.
The scope of the problem should be stated specifically. The nature of any subjects treated, their number, the
treatments they received, and any limitations that exist in the reference population, instruments or research design
should be stated.