Calculul dinamic

Date generale 4x2 mas

nr.locuri 5
roti 205/60R16
viteza maxima 200 km/h
raza de rulare a rotii 276.9296 mm
coeficientul aerodinamic 0.2 -
ceof.rezistentei la rulare 0.024 -
constanta g 10.4 m/s²
coef. aderenta 0.9 -
randamentul transmisiei 0.89 -

Dimensiuni de gabarit
lungime 4710 mm
latime 1810 mm
inaltime H 1480 mm
ampatament L 2700 mm
ecartamanet B 1510 mm
a/L 0.45 1215
hg/L 0.22 594

Mase Repartizarea maselor pe punti

masa proprie 1365 kg m_1 1083.5 kg G_1 11268.4 N
masa utila 605 kg m_2 886.5 kg G_2 797.85 N
masa totala 1970 kg

Rezistentele la inaintare
Rezistenta la rulare Rezistenta la rulare
v[km/h] v[m/s] Rr [N] Pr [W]
10 2.777778 491.712 1365.867 600
20 5.555556 491.712 2731.733 25000
30 8.333333 491.712 4097.6 500
40 11.11111 491.712 5463.467
Rr [N]

20000
50 13.88889 491.712 6829.333 400

Pr [N]
300 15000

200
10000
 600

25000
500

Rr [N]
20000
400

Pr [N]
60 16.66667 491.712 8195.2
70 19.44444 491.712 9561.067 300 15000
80 22.22222 491.712 10926.93
90 25 491.712 12292.8 200
10000
100 27.77778 491.712 13658.67
110 30.55556 491.712 15024.53 100
120 33.33333 491.712 16390.4 5000
130 36.11111 491.712 17756.27
0
140 38.88889 491.712 19122.13
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0
150 41.66667 491.712 20488
v [km/h] 0 20
160 44.44444 491.712 21853.87
170 47.22222 491.712 23219.73
180 50 491.712 24585.6
Rezistenta aerului
v[km/h] v[m/s] Ra [N] Pa [W] Rezistenta aerului
10 2.777778 2.112369 5.867691
20 5.555556 8.449475 46.94153 700
30 8.333333 19.01132 158.4277
40 11.11111 33.7979 375.5322 600
50 13.88889 52.80922 733.4614

Ra [N]
500
60 16.66667 76.04528 1267.421
70 19.44444 103.5061 2012.618 400
80 22.22222 135.1916 3004.258
90 25 171.1019 4277.547 300
100 27.77778 211.2369 5867.691
110 30.55556 255.5966 7809.897 200
120 33.33333 304.1811 10139.37
130 36.11111 356.9903 12891.32 100

140 38.88889 414.0243 16100.94

0
150 41.66667 475.283 19803.46
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
160 44.44444 540.7664 24034.06
v [km/h]
170 47.22222 610.4746 28827.97

Rezistenta la panta
alfa [°] Rp [N] Rezistenta la panta

9000

8000

7000
Rp [N]

6000
 Rezistenta la panta
0 0
2 715.0209 9000
4 1429.171 8000
6 2141.579
7000

Rp [N]
8 2851.378
10 3557.704 6000
12 4259.695 5000
14 4956.496
4000
16 5647.258
3000
18 6331.14
20 7007.309 2000
22 7674.94 1000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
alfa [°]
Rezistenta la demarare
momente de inertie
Im 0.035
IR 0.35

Reactiunile caii de rulare de rulare asupra rotilor autovehiculelor

Reactiunle normale la limita de aderenta
•cazul punte motoare fata
m_1 0.834725
m_2 1.246883
Z_1 9406.01 9406.01
Z_2 20488

Performantele autovehiculelor pe roti

Determinarea caracteristicii exterioare pe cale analitica
Puterea necesara deplasarii cu viteza maxima
P_vmax 83.43692 kW
Parametrii motorului consumul specific la turatia de putere maxima
turatia minima 800 rot/min cep 300
turatia de moment motor maxim 2500 rot/min
turatia de consum specific minim 3200 rot/min
turatia de putere maxima 4400 rot/min
turatia maxima 6400 rot/min
Determinarea coeficientilor
coeficientul de elasticitate 0.568182
coeficientul alfa 0.842105
coeficientul beta 1.315789
coeficientul gama 1.157895
Puterea maxima a motorului
P_max 187.3257 kW 254.8 CP
Caracteristica exterioara a motorului
n [rot/min] P [kW] M [Nm] ce [g/kWh] P*ht Caracteristica exterioara a motorului Cara
800 35.52588 424.268 313.3884 31.61803
1000 46.03697 439.837 304.2149 40.97291 200 600.000
1500 73.82976 470.246 285.6198 65.70849 180
500.000

M [Nm]
2000 102.2591 488.492 273.2231 91.01062 160

P [kW]
2500 129.4153 494.574 267.0248 115.1796 140 400.000
3500 172.2694 470.246 273.2231 153.3198 120
4000 184.1479 439.837 285.6198 163.8916 100 300.000
4300 187.1194 415.753 296.0331 166.5363 80
4500 187.1143 397.265 304.2149 166.5318 60
200.000
4800 183.822 365.882 318.3471 163.6016
40 100.000
4400 187.3257 406.752 300 166.7198
20
5250 170.6764 310.599 343.7293 151.902
0 0.000
6400 83.43692 124.556 431.405 74.25886 0 1000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
n [rot/min]
Determinarea raportului de transmitere maxim
it_max 11.60087 turatia ptr. deplasarea in tr. III cu viteza de 100
Determinarea raportului de transmitere minim 4845.776
it_min 3.3408
Determinarea raportului de transmitere in prima treapta
icv_1 3.472482
Determinarea numarul de rapoarte necesare in cutia de viteze
F R max⋅r d
n 2.324319 adopt 4
i t max=
Determinarea rapoartelor de transmitere din cutia de viteze
M max⋅ηt
icv_1 3.472482
icv_2
icv_3
2.293119
1.514305
log i CVI π n max
n≥ 1+ i t min= ⋅r ⋅
Diagrama fereastrau
icv_4
Determinarea raportului subunitar
1
n max 30 r v max
icv_5 0.833333 log 800

Trasarea diagramei fierastrau 700 nM

n [rot/min] w [rad/s] v_1 v_2 v_3 v_4
600
800 83.7758 7.199461 10.90218 16.50922 25
1000 104.7198 8.999327 13.62772 20.63653 31.25 500
1500 157.0796 13.49899 20.44159 30.9548 46.875

w
2000 209.4395 17.99865 27.25545 41.27306 62.5 400
2500 261.7994 22.49832 34.06931 51.59133 78.125
300
3500 366.5191 31.49764 47.69704 72.22786 109.375
4000 418.879 35.99731 54.5109 82.54612 125 200
4300 450.2949 38.6971 58.59922 88.73708 134.375
4500 471.2389 40.49697 61.32476 92.86439 140.625 100
4800 502.6548 43.19677 65.41308 99.05535 150
0
4400 460.7669 39.59704 59.96199 90.80073 137.5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
5250 549.7787 47.24647 71.54555 108.3418 164.0625 v [km/h]
6400 670.2064 57.59569 87.21744 132.0738 200
Caracterist
Caracteristica fortei la roata
n [rot/min] v_1 Fr_1 v_2 Fr_2 v_3 Fr_3 v_4 Fr_4 20000
800 7.199461 15817.99 10.90218 10445.71 16.50922 6898.021 25 4555.239 18000
1000 8.999327 16398.46 13.62772 10829.04 20.63653 7151.159 31.25 4722.404
16000
1500 13.49899 17532.21 20.44159 11577.72 30.9548 7645.57 46.875 5048.897

Fr [N]
2000 17.99865 18212.45 27.25545 12026.94 41.27306 7942.217 62.5 5244.794 14000
2500 22.49832 18439.2 34.06931 12176.68 51.59133 8041.099 78.125 5310.092 12000
3500 31.49764 17532.21 47.69704 11577.72 72.22786 7645.57 109.375 5048.897 10000
4000 35.99731 16398.46 54.5109 10829.04 82.54612 7151.159 125 4722.404
8000
4300 38.6971 15500.54 58.59922 10236.07 88.73708 6759.586 134.375 4463.821
4500 40.49697 14811.22 61.32476 9780.871 92.86439 6458.984 140.625 4265.313 6000
4800 43.19677 13641.2 65.41308 9008.224 99.05535 5948.752 150 3928.371 4000
4400 39.59704 15164.95 59.96199 10014.46 90.80073 6613.24 137.5 4367.179 2000
0
0 20 40 60
 10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
5250 47.24647 11580.05 71.54555 7647.108 108.3418 5049.913 164.0625 3334.806
0
6400 57.59569 4643.812 87.21744 3066.63 132.0738 2025.107 200 1337.318 0 20 40 60

Caracter
Caracteristica puterilor
n [rot/min] v_1 Pr_1 v_2 Pr_2 v_3 Pr_3 v_4 Pr_4 180000
800 7.199461 31633.6 10.90218 31633.6 16.50922 31633.6 25 31633.6
160000
1000 8.999327 40993.09 13.62772 40993.09 20.63653 40993.09 31.25 40993.09
1500 13.49899 65740.85 20.44159 65740.85 30.9548 65740.85 46.875 65740.85 140000

Pr [W]
2000 17.99865 91055.44 27.25545 91055.44 41.27306 91055.44 62.5 91055.44
120000
2500 22.49832 115236.4 34.06931 115236.4 51.59133 115236.4 78.125 115236.4
3500 31.49764 153395.3 47.69704 153395.3 72.22786 153395.3 109.375 153395.3 100000
4000 35.99731 163972.4 54.5109 163972.4 82.54612 163972.4 125 163972.4
80000
4300 38.6971 166618.3 58.59922 166618.3 88.73708 166618.3 134.375 166618.3
4500 40.49697 166613.8 61.32476 166613.8 92.86439 166613.8 140.625 166613.8 60000
4800 43.19677 163682.1 65.41308 163682.1 99.05535 163682.1 150 163682.1
40000
4400 39.59704 166802 59.96199 166802 90.80073 166802 137.5 166802
5250 47.24647 151976.8 71.54555 151976.8 108.3418 151976.8 164.0625 151976.8 20000
6400 57.59569 74295.44 87.21744 74295.44 132.0738 74295.44 200 74295.44
0
0 20 40 60

Bilantul de tractiune
v [km/h] Fr Fa Fp Fr+Fa Fr_4 Bilantul de tracti
25 491.712 13.20231 0 504.9143 4555.239
31.25 491.712 20.6286 0 512.3406 4722.404 6000
46.875 491.712 46.41435 0 538.1264 5048.897
62.5 491.712 82.51441 0 574.2264 5244.794 5000
78.125 491.712 128.9288 0 620.6408 5310.092
109.375 491.712 252.7004 0 744.4124 5048.897
4000

F [N]
125 491.712 330.0576 0 821.7696 4722.404
134.375 491.712 381.4228 0 873.1348 4463.821
140.625 491.712 417.7292 0 909.4412 4265.313 3000
150 491.712 475.283 0 966.995 3928.371
137.5 491.712 399.3697 0 891.0817 4367.179 2000

1000

0
0 50 10
 4000

F [N]
3000

2000
164.0625 491.712 568.5758 0 1060.288 3334.806
200 491.712 844.9475 0 1336.66 1337.318 1000

Bilantul de putere
0
v [km/h] Pr Pa Pr+Pa Pr_4 0 50 10
25 3414.667 91.68267 3506.349 31633.6
31.25 4268.333 179.0677 4447.401 40993.09
46.875 6402.5 604.3536 7006.854 65740.85 Bilantul de
62.5 8536.667 1432.542 9969.208 91055.44
78.125 10670.83 2797.933 13468.77 115236.4 180000
109.375 14939.17 7677.529 22616.7 153395.3
160000
125 17073.33 11460.33 28533.67 163972.4
134.375 18353.83 14237.14 32590.97 166618.3 140000
140.625 19207.5 16317.55 35525.05 166613.8

P [W]
120000
150 20488 19803.46 40291.46 163682.1
137.5 18780.67 15253.71 34034.37 166802 100000
164.0625 22408.75 25911.66 48320.41 151976.8 80000
200 27317.33 46941.53 74258.86 74295.44
60000

40000

20000

0
Caracteristica dinamica a autovehiculului 0 50
v_1 D_1 v_2 D_2 v_3 D_3 v_4 D_4
7.19946137 0.772008 10.90218 0.509723 16.50922 0.336405 25 0.221693 Caracteristica d
8.9993267125 0.80031 13.62772 0.528364 20.63653 0.348602 31.25 0.229489
13.4989900688 0.855543 20.44159 0.564667 30.9548 0.372185 46.875 0.244166 1
17.998653425 0.888599 27.25545 0.586258 41.27306 0.385896 62.5 0.251966
0.9
22.4983167813 0.899478 34.06931 0.593135 51.59133 0.389734 78.125 0.252888
31.4976434938 0.854708 47.69704 0.562752 72.22786 0.367794 109.375 0.234098 0.8
35.9973068501 0.799057 54.5109 0.525491 82.54612 0.342016 125 0.214386 0.7

D [-]
38.6971048638 0.755023 58.59922 0.496073 88.73708 0.32181 134.375 0.199258 0.6
40.4969702063 0.721231 61.32476 0.473518 92.86439 0.306366 140.625 0.187797
0.5
43.1967682201 0.66389 65.41308 0.435271 99.05535 0.280237 150 0.168542
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
 0.8

0.7

D [-]
0.6

0.5

39.5970375351 0.73857 59.96199 0.485089 90.80073 0.314285 137.5 0.193665 0.4

47.2464652407 0.56291 71.54555 0.367971 108.3418 0.234379 164.0625 0.135017 0.3
57.5956909601 0.22324 87.21744 0.141836 132.0738 0.080859 200 0.024032
0.2

0.1

0
0 50

Caractersitica acceleratiilor
delta_1 1.2 Caracteristica
delta_2 1.15
delta_3 1.1 8
delta_4 1.05
7
v_1 a_1 v_2 a_2 v_3 a_3 v_4 a_4

a [m/s²]
7.19946137 6.482732 10.90218 4.392622 16.50922 2.953646 25 1.958098 6
8.9993267125 6.72802 13.62772 4.561201 20.63653 3.068967 31.25 2.035322
13.4989900688 7.206702 20.44159 4.88951 30.9548 3.291932 46.875 2.180697 5
17.998653425 7.493188 27.25545 5.084765 41.27306 3.42156 62.5 2.257949 4
22.4983167813 7.587477 34.06931 5.146963 51.59133 3.457851 78.125 2.267078
31.4976434938 7.199466 47.69704 4.872194 72.22786 3.250419 109.375 2.080969 3
35.9973068501 6.717165 54.5109 4.535227 82.54612 3.006697 125 1.885731
2
38.6971048638 6.33553 58.59922 4.26918 88.73708 2.815662 134.375 1.735889
40.4969702063 6.042668 61.32476 4.065204 92.86439 2.669638 140.625 1.62237 1
43.1967682201 5.545715 65.41308 3.719323 99.05535 2.4226 150 1.431654
0
39.5970375351 6.192943 59.96199 4.169853 90.80073 2.744517 137.5 1.680492
0 50
47.2464652407 4.670554 71.54555 3.11069 108.3418 1.989041 164.0625 1.099598
57.5956909601 1.726746 87.21744 1.065651 132.0738 0.537575 200 0.000318
Caracteristica inve
Caracteristica inversului acceleratiilor

1/1a [1/(m/s²)]
v_1 1/a_1 v_2 1/a_2 v_3 1/a_3 v_4 1/a_4 2
7.19946137 0.154256 10.90218 0.227654 16.50922 0.338565 25 0.5107 1.8
8.9993267125 0.148632 13.62772 0.219241 20.63653 0.325843 31.25 0.491323
1.6
13.4989900688 0.13876 20.44159 0.204519 30.9548 0.303773 46.875 0.458569
17.998653425 0.133455 27.25545 0.196666 41.27306 0.292264 62.5 0.44288 1.4
22.4983167813 0.131796 34.06931 0.194289 51.59133 0.289197 78.125 0.441096 1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
 2

1/1a [1/(m/
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
31.4976434938 0.138899 47.69704 0.205246 72.22786 0.307653 109.375 0.480545 1
35.9973068501 0.148872 54.5109 0.220496 82.54612 0.332591 125 0.530298
0.8
38.6971048638 0.15784 58.59922 0.234237 88.73708 0.355156 134.375 0.576074
40.4969702063 0.16549 61.32476 0.24599 92.86439 0.374583 140.625 0.616382 0.6
43.1967682201 0.180319 65.41308 0.268866 99.05535 0.41278 150 0.698493 0.4
39.5970375351 0.161474 59.96199 0.239817 90.80073 0.364363 137.5 0.595064 0.2
47.2464652407 0.214107 71.54555 0.321472 108.3418 0.502755 164.0625 0.909423
0
57.5956909601 0.579124 87.21744 0.938394 132.0738 1.860207 200 3141.904 0 20 40

Performatele autovehiculului
Timpul de demarare
v 1/a trendline t_d trendline Performatele autovehiculului. Timpul de dema
7.19946137 0.154256 0.445092 0 -0.639745
8.9993267125 0.148632 0.406892 0.074311 -0.267365 3
13.4989900688 0.13876 0.33543 0.247747 0.569788

1/a [1/(m/s²)]
2
17.998653425 0.133455 0.291018 0.414553 1.286062
22.4983167813 0.131796 0.265135 0.579286 1.897857 1
f(x) = - 4.07779306111189E-08x^4 + 1.09817205367497E-05x^3 - 0.000878
31.4976434938 0.138899 0.238308 0.926508 2.873605 0
35.9973068501 0.148872 0.223764 1.112584 3.270356 0 20 40 60 80 100
38.6971048638 0.15784 0.211215 1.230955 3.488692 -1

40.4969702063 0.16549 0.200547 1.313694 3.628222 -2

43.1967682201 0.180319 0.180312 1.448924 3.8311
-3
39.5970375351 0.161474 0.206138 1.287461 3.558972
47.2464652407 0.214107 0.138538 1.742406 4.127987 -4
57.5956909601 0.579124 -0.047823 3.407263 4.922636 -5
58.5992164093 0.234237 -0.072951 3.472558 5.007702
61.3247613586 0.24599 -0.148105 3.658796 5.25018 -6

65.4130787825 0.268866 -0.280416 3.964132 5.651784 -7 v [km/h]

59.9619888839 0.239817 -0.109251 3.601004 5.126719
71.5455549183 0.321472 -0.52458 4.635391 6.363785
87.2174383766 0.938394 -1.397814 8.7205 9.04627 Timpul de demarare
88.7370819049 0.355156 -1.500385 8.87042 9.390634
92.86438804 0.374583 -1.793029 9.299869 10.41599 50
99.0553472427 0.41278 -2.266197 10.00973 12.22357
90.8007349725 0.364363 -1.644216 9.174266 9.886394
40

timp [s] 30

20 f(x) = - 7.05280902513807E-06x^3 + 0.0027263886x^

 Timpul de demarare

50

40
108.3417860467 0.502755 -3.032529 11.62395 15.62597

timp [s]
132.0737963236 1.860207 -4.984061 23.88685 29.01013
110.14 1.38888 -3.185761 15.42479 16.39097 30
140.625 0.616382 -5.528677 20.64435 35.82901
150 0.698493 -5.909 22.46334 44.7301 20 f(x) = - 7.05280902513807E-06x^3 + 0.0027263886x^
137.5 0.595064 -5.347447 20.39715 33.19963
10
timp de demarare de la 0-100 km/h = 10.4 s
timp de demarare calculat prin interpolare liniara
td= 10.45898 [s] 0
0 20 40 60 80 1

Spatiul de demarare -10 v [km/h]

v t_d s_d
7.19946137 0 0
8.9993267125 0.074311 0.037152
13.4989900688 0.247747 0.346813
17.998653425 0.414553 0.864966
22.4983167813 0.579286 1.589019
31.4976434938 0.926508 3.905115
35.9973068501 1.112584 5.295741
38.6971048638 1.230955 6.218888
40.4969702063 1.313694 6.875686
43.1967682201 1.448924 7.962298
39.5970375351 1.287461 6.674932
47.2464652407 1.742406 10.37727
57.5956909601 3.407263 20.17241
58.5992164093 3.472558 21.14041
61.3247613586 3.658796 23.91047
65.4130787825 3.964132 28.41231
59.9619888839 3.601004 22.95971
71.5455549183 4.635391 37.8748
87.2174383766 8.7205 75.83777
88.7370819049 8.87042 79.58218
92.86438804 9.299869 90.24423
99.0553472427 10.00973 107.4581
 90.8007349725 9.174266 86.42196
108.3417860467 11.62395 143.0598
132.0737963236 23.88685 300.5273
110.14 15.42479 206.5483
140.625 20.64435 381.3658
150 22.46334 439.8641
137.5 20.39715 369.0407

spatiul de demarare de la 0-110 km/h

calculat prin interpolare liniara
sd 193.21 [m]
 Puterea consumata prin rularea rotii

25000

20000
Pr [N]

15000

10000
 Puterea consumata prin rularea rotii

25000

20000
Pr [N]

15000

10000

5000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
v [km/h]

Puterea consumata prin interactiunea cu atmosfera

35000
Pa [N]

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0 v [km/h]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
 Caracteristica exterioara a motorului Caracteristica exterioara a motorului

Cep [g/kWh]
600.000 500
450
500.000
M [Nm]

400

400.000 350
300
300.000 250
200
200.000
150

100.000 100
50
0.000 0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
n [rot/min] n [rot/min]

a in tr. III cu viteza de 100 km/h

 n max
r⋅
v max

100 120 140 160

Caracteristica fortei la roata

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

v [km/h]
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
v [km/h]

Caracteristica puterilor

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

v [km/h]

Bilantul de tractiune al autovehiculului

50 100 150 200 250

50 100 150 200 250
v [km/h]

Bilantul de putere al autovehiculului

fi_1 0.85 fi_2 0.85 fi_3 0.5 fi_4

50 100 150 200 250 Caracteristica dinamica limitata de aderenta
v [km/h]
Caracteristica dinamica a autovehiculului 7.199461 0.849307 10.90218 0.389541 16.50922 0.225907 25
8.999327 0.848918 13.62772 0.389152 20.63653 0.223859 31.25
13.49899 0.847565 20.44159 0.387799 30.9548 0.216746 46.875
17.99865 0.845671 27.25545 0.385905 41.27306 0.206787 62.5
22.49832 0.843236 34.06931 0.38347 51.59133 0.193984 78.125
31.49764 0.836743 47.69704 0.376977 72.22786 0.159841 109.375
35.99731 0.832685 54.5109 0.372919 82.54612 0.138502 125
38.6971 0.829991 58.59922 0.370224 88.73708 0.124332 134.375
40.49697 0.828086 61.32476 0.36832 92.86439 0.114317 140.625
43.19677 0.825067 65.41308 0.365301 99.05535 0.098441 150
 39.59704 0.829049 59.96199 0.369283 90.80073 0.119382 137.5
47.24647 0.820173 71.54555 0.360406 108.3418 0.072706 164.0625
57.59569 0.805674 87.21744 0.345908 132.0738 -0.003533 200

50 100 150 200 250

v [km/h]

Caracteristica acceleratiei autovehiculului

50 100 150 200 250

v [km/h]

Caracteristica inversului acceleratiei autovehiculului

 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
v [km/h]

ovehiculului. Timpul de demarare

05367497E-05x^3 - 0.0008780207x^2 + 0.0268359377x - 0.0718867885

80 100 120 140 160

v [km/h]

Timpul de demarare

E-06x^3 + 0.0027263886x^2 - 0.0988190346x + 1.1356819385

Timpul de demarare

E-06x^3 + 0.0027263886x^2 - 0.0988190346x + 1.1356819385

60 80 100 120 140 160

v [km/h]
 0.4
Caracteristica dinamica a autovehiculului

0.175288 0.381882 1
0.17059 0.377185
0.9
0.154279 0.360874
0.131444 0.338038 0.8
0.102084 0.308678 0.7
D [-]

0.02379 0.230384
0.6
-0.025144 0.181451
-0.057635 0.148959 0.5

-0.080602 0.125993 0.4

-0.117008 0.089586 0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
v [km/h]
 0.7

D [-]
0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3
-0.068988 0.137606
0.2
-0.176022 0.030572
-0.350845 -0.144251 0.1

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
v [km/h]