ISO 4063 : NOMENCLATURE OF WELDING AND ALLIED PROCESSES

1-INTRODUCTION
According to this standard, welding processes was divided into 6 basic groups of welding processes.
Since the standard also separate and nomenclature allied processes to welding – brazing, soldering,
braze welding, cutting and gouging, that processes are also elaborated in this paper.

2- ARC WELDING
Arc welding is fusion welding in which heat for welding is obtained from an electric arc or arcs. This
group of welding was always most spread and most used, and processes from this group of
welding are more and more developing all the time, and there are regulatory modifications, semi-
automatic or fully automatic types of some of these processes

The arc welding processes sub-grouping, nomenclature and reference numbers from 2009 edition
is same like in last (2011) edition of standard, and today it looks like this:
11 – Metal arc welding without gas protection
111 – Manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with covered
electrode); Shielded metal arc welding (USA)
112 – Gravity (arc) welding with covered electrode; Gravity feed
welding (USA)
114 – Self-shielded tubular cored arc welding
12 – Submerged arc welding (SAW)
121 – SAW with solid wire electrode
122 – SAW with strip electrode
124 – SAW with metallic powder addition
125 – SAW with tubular cored electrode
126 – SAW with cored strip electrode
13 – Gas-shielded metal arc welding; Gas metal arc welding (GMAW (USA))
131 – MIG welding with solid wire electrode; GMAW using inert gas
and solid wire electrode (USA)
132 – MIG welding with flux cored electrode; Flux cored arc welding
(USA)
133 – MIG welding with metal cored electrode; GMAW using inert
gas and metal cored wire (USA)
135 – MAG welding with solid wire electrode; GMAW using active gas
with solid wire electrode (USA)
136 – MAG welding with flux cored electrode; GMAW using active
gas and flux cored electrode (USA)
138 – MAG welding with metal cored electrode; GMAW welding using active gas and
metal cored electrode (USA)
14 – Gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable tungsten electrode; Gas
tungsten arc welding (USA)
141 – TIG welding with solid filler naterial (wire/rod); Gas tungsten
arc welding using inert gas and solid filler material (wire/rod) (USA)
142 – Autogenous TIG welding; Autogenous gas tungsten arc welding
using inert gas (USA)

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 143 – TIG welding with tubular cored filler material (wire/rod); Gas
tungsten arc welding using inert gas and tubular cored material
(wire/rod) (USA)
145 - TIG welding using reducing gas and solid filler material
(wire/rod); Gas tungsten arc welding using inert gas plus reducing gas
additions and solid filler material (wire/rod) (USA)
146 – TIG welding using reducing gas and tubular cored filler material
(wire/rod); Gas tungsten arc welding using inert gas plus reducing gas
additions and tubular cored filer material (wire/rod)
147 – Gas-shielded arc welding with non-consumable tungsten
electrode using active gas (TAG welding); Gas tungsten arc welding
using active gas (USA)
15 – Plasma arc welding
151 – Plasma MIG welding
152 – Powder plasma arc welding
153 – Plasma arc welding with transferred arc
154 – Plasma arc welding with non-transferred arc
155 – Plasma arc welding with semi-transferred arc
18 – Other arc welding processes
185 – Magnetically impelled arc welding

3- RESISTANCE WELDING
Nomenclatured with reference number 2, resistance welding is welding with pressure in which the
heat necessary for welding is produced by resistance to an electrical current flowing through the
welding zone.
The resistance welding processes sub-grouping, nomenclature and reference numbers from 2009
edition is also same like in last (2011) edition of standard, and today it looks like this:
21 – Resistance spot welding, Spot welding (USA)
221 – Indirect spot welding
222 – Direct spot welding
22 – Resistance seam welding; Seam welding (USA)
221 – Lap seam welding
222 – Mash seam welding
223 – Prep-lap seam welding
224 – Wire seam welding
225 – Foil butt-seam welding
226 – Seam welding with strip
23 – Projection welding
231 – Indirect projection welding
232 – Direct projection welding
24 – Flash welding
241 – Flash welding with preheating
242 – Flash welding without preheating
25 – Resistance butt welding; Upset welding (USA)
26 – Resistance stud welding
27 – High-frequency resistance welding; High-frequency upset welding (USA)
29 – Other resistance welding processes.

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4. GAS WELDING
The main reference number which represent gas welding is number 3. Gas welding is fusion welding,
with or without filler metal, in which the heat for welding is produced by the combustion of the fuel
gas or gases with an admixture of oxygen. First nomenclature of gas welding in 1978. divided gas
welding in two main groups:
31 – Oxy-fuel gas welding
311 – Oxy-acetilene welding
312 – Oxy-propane welding
313 – Oxy-hydrogen welding
32 – Air-fuel gas welding
321 – Air-acetilene welding
322 – Air-propane welding
In the third edition of standard (1990) group 32 is not anymore in nomenclature system because that
kind of gas welding is obsolete. And sub-grouping of sub-group 31 remains same until today, and it
looks loke this:
31 – Oxy-fuel gas welding
311 – Oxy-acetilene welding
312 – Oxy-propane welding
313 – Oxy-hydrogen welding

5. WELDING WITH PRESSURE

According to many definitions, the main separation of welding processes is fusion welding and
welding with pressure.

The fourth edition of standard (2009) brings some changes and introducing some new processes,
and nomenclature and reference numbers from that edition are still valid today:
41 – Ultrasonic welding
42 – Friction welding
421 – Direct drive friction welding
422 – Inertia friction welding
423 – Friction stud welding
43 – Friction stir welding
44 – Welding by high mechanical energy
441 – Explosion welding
442 – Magnetic pulse welding
45 – Diffusion welding
47 – Oxyfuel gas pressure welding; Pressure gas welding (USA)
48 – Cold pressure welding, Cold welding (USA)
49 – Hot pressure welding

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6. BEAM WELDING
Beam welding are fusion welding processes using a focused beam of high energy radiation. Since that
edition, beam welding are nomenclatured with main reference number 5, and it have two main sub-
groups:The fourth edition of standard adds two new processes, and since the last edition (2011)
haven't changed anything, nomenclature system of beam welding today is:
51 – Electron beam welding
511 – Electron beam welding in vacuum
512 – Electron beam welding in atmosphere
513 – Electron beam welding with addition of shielding gases
52 – Laser welding; Laser beam welding (USA)
521 – Solid state laser welding
522 – Gas laser welding
523 – Diode laser welding; Semi-conductor laser welding (USA)

7. OTHER WELDING PROCESSES

There are certain welding processes which are hard to put in some specific group, so these processes
in nomenclature system are sorted out from the other groups and nomenclatured with reference
number 7. Some of these processes are fusion processes, some are processes with pressure, or both.

Electroslag welding is now divided in two sub-groups, and Induction welding gets one more sub-
group. As in fifth edition of standard nothing has been changed here that has been changed in fourth
edition, the nomenclature of other welding processes nowdays is:

71 – Aluminothermic welding; Thermite welding (USA)

72 – Electroslag welding
721 – Electroslag welding with strip electrode
722 – Electroslag welding with wire electrode
73 – Electrogas welding
74 – Induction welding
741 – Induction butt welding; Induction upset welding (USA)
742 – Induction seam welding
743 – Induction HF welding
75 – Light radiation welding
753 – Infrared welding
78 – Arc stud welding
783 – Drawn arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule or shielding gas;
Arc stud welding (USA)
784 – Short-cycle drawn arc stud welding; Arc stud welding (USA)
785 – Capacitor discharge drawn arc stud welding; Arc stud welding
(USA)
786 – Capacitor discharge stud welding with tip ignition; Arc stud
welding (USA)
787 – Drawn arc stud welding with fusible collar

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8. CUTTING AND GOUGING
Cutting and gouging are processes allied with welding. Thermal cuttings including processes which
are intended to separating or gouging, i.e. creating of groove half round or similiar cross section on
material, by applying thermal energy without mechanical cutting tools. Gouging is forming of a
groove by means of thermal cutting through melting or burning.

The fourth edition of standard gave some details to plasma cutting, and as fifth edition remains the
same, today sub-grouping of these processes is:
81 – Flame cutting; Oxygen cutting, Oxyfuel cutting (USA)
82 – Arc cutting
821 – Air arc cutting; Air carbon arc cutting (USA)
822 – Oxygen arc cutting
83 – Plasma cutting; Plasma arc cutting (USA)
831 – Plasma cutting with oxidising gas
832 – Plasma cutting without oxidising gas
833 – Air plasma cutting
834 – High-tolerance plasma cutting
84 – Laser cutting; Laser beam cutting (USA)
86 – Flame gouging; Thermal gouging (USA)
87 – Arc gouging
871 – Air arc gouging; Air carbon arc cutting (USA)
872 – Oxygen arc gouging; Oxygen gouging (USA)
88 – Plasma gouging

9. BRAZING, SOLDERING AND BRAZE WELDING

Brazing and soldering are processes of joining metals using a metled filler metal with a lower melting
point than the parent metal, and which is wetting the surface of heated parent metal and which is,
during of after heating, drawn into (or if it's setted before) retained in the narrowed gap between the
components to be joined. Soldering is using filler metal with maximum melting point of 450°C, and
brazing is using filler metal with melting point above 450°C, but in both cases, always below the
melting temperature of parent material.

Braze welding is joining of metals using a technique similar to fusion welding and a filler metal with a
lower melting point than the parent metal, but neither using capillary action as in brazing nor
intentionally melting the parent metal.

Brazing and soldering are divided into two main groups: with local heating and with global heating.
Also, braze welding is richer with 5 new processes, and just nomenclaturing of that 5 processes,
accidentaly or with purpose, was nomenlatured "wrong“ and that was the reason for revision of 4th
edition, and publishing of final edition ISO 4063 – 2011.

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With explanations of differences in editions from 2009. and 2011., the nomenclature of this
processes today looks like this:

91 – Brazing with local heating

911 – Infrared brazing
912 – Flame brazing; Torch brazing (USA)
913 – Laser beam brazing
914 – Electron beam brazing
916 – Induction brazing
918 – Resistance brazing
919 – Diffusion brazing
92 – Brazing with global heating
921 – Furnace brazing
922 – Vacuum brazing
923 – Dip-bath brazing
924 – Salt-bath brazing
925 – Flux-bath brazing
926 – Immersion brazing
93 – Other brazing processes
94 – Soldering with local heating
941 – Infrared soldering
942 – Flame soldering; Torch soldering (USA)
943 – Soldering with soldering iron
944 – Drag soldering
945 – Laser soldering
946 – Induction soldering
947 – Ultrasonic soldering
948 – Resistance soldering
949 – Diffusion soldering
95 – Soldering with global heating
951 – Wave soldering
953 – Furnace soldering
954 – Vacuum soldering
955 – Dip soldering
957 – Salt-bath soldering
96 – Other soldering processes
97 – Weld brazing; Braze welding (USA)
971 – Gas weld brazing; Gas braze welding (USA)
972 – Arc weld brazing; Arc braze welding (USA)
973 – Gas metal arc weld brazing; Gas metal arc braze welding (USA) 1
974 – Gas tungsten arc weld brazing; Gas tungsten arc braze welding
(USA)1
975 – Plasma arc weld brazing; Plasma arc braze welding (USA) 1
976 – Laser weld brazing; Laser braze welding (USA) 1
977 – Electron beam weld brazing; Electron beam braze welding
(USA)

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10. ADITIONAL DESIGNATION
As some of the processes was developed (i.e. parallel using of two different filler materials), and
since it was obvious that some things should be better explained (f.e. transfer modes), it was
neccessary to define additional designation in nomenclature system of ISO 4063. That was defined
just in fourth edition from 2009., although before that it was in wide using. As additional desi gnation,
the 4 items was defined.

10.1 Transfer modes

For welding processes where different transfer modes are possible, the transfer mode may be
indicated in accordance with following designation:
D – short-circuit transfer
G – globular transfer
S – spray transfer
P – pulsed transfer
F.e. : MIG welding with solid wire electrode using short-circuiting transfer is designated as:
ISO 4063 – 131-D

10.2 Number of electrodes

If more than one electrode is used, it may be indicated by number.
F.e. : MIG welding with two solid electrodes is designated as: ISO 4063 – 131-2

10.3 Additional filler material

If additional filler material is used, it's indicated in accordance with following designation :
C – cold wire
H – hot wire
F.e. : Submerged arc welding with a single wire electrode and additional cold wire is designated as:
ISO 4063 – 121-C

10.4 Hybrid welding processes

When more than one welding process is used simultaneously in one process area, the processes may
be describes using the designation for each process separated by a plus symbol ("+")
I.e.: The use of laser and plasma welding together would be designated as : ISO 4063: 522 + 15