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OBJECTIVE
To study the behavior of water during the transition between liquid and vapor phases.
DISCUSSION
The temperature will rise by the time will go up and the liquid change to steam. phase changes occur
at the heater surface. Small bubbles of vapor forming as the layer of fluid surrounding the heater
when it reached the saturation temperature. More bubbles appear when the temperature reached
141.8℃ with pressure of 3.2 bar at 45 minutes. The bubble movement agitated the fluid, producing
increased mixing and consequently better heat transfer from the heater to the fluid. This stage is
known as nucleate boiling. During this stage, vigorous bubbling may be seen through the sight glass
at 65 minutes with temperature of 166.3℃ and pressure of 6.2 bar until it reached 72 minutes with
170.5℃ and reached 7 bars. For the first opening of calorimeter valve, the first of 30 seconds,
boiling of water increased vigorously with the temperature decreased to 159.5℃ and decreasing
pressure to 4.6 bars. The second opening, the second of 30 seconds, boiling of water increased
vigorously with the temperature decreased to 142.5℃ and decreasing pressure of 2.4 bars. The last
30 seconds of valve opening, the temperature dropped to 128.1℃ and pressure of 1.3 bars, the
PROCEDURES
1. The General Start up Procedure is followed in order to fill the TH14 apparatus before usage.
2. The main switch and heater are switched on.
3. The appearance of the fluid in the boiler is observed through the sight glass as the
temperature increases.
4. The pressure inside the vessel is recorded after an interval of approximately 5 minutes
indicated by the pressure sensor P1, and the thermometer T1.
5. Any significant changes that occurred in the appearance of the fluid at any approximate
temperature and pressure are noted.
6. The calorimeter valve is partially opened when the system reaches a maximum working
pressure (7bar).
7. The readings for the pressure (P1) and temperature (T1) are taken at a 30s interval until the
pressure reached 1 bar.
8. Any changes in fluid behavior or boiling patterns as the pressure drops are noted.
9. The calorimeter valve is left open and the heater is switched off after the experiment is
completed.
10. In order to not damage the apparatus, the valve is not closed when the system is at high
temperature to prevent partial vacuum on cooling.
OBSERVATION:-
6
4.9
5
PRESSURE P1
3
2.2
2
1
1
0
160 141.3 128.1
TEMPERATURE T1
Pressure vs Temperature
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CONCLUSION:-
This experiment is about the behavior of water during the transition between liquid and vapor
phases. We could see the behavior of water at temperatures around the vapor point over a range of
pressures and the changes in vapor point with increasing pressure. The results of fluid behavior
could be obtained by looking at a sight glass set into the pressure vessel. Water remained as liquid
although it reached its boiling point.