FRAC Code List ©*2019:

Fungal control agents sorted by cross resistance pattern and

mode of action
(including FRAC Code numbering)

INTRODUCTION
The following table lists commercial fungicides, mainly for use in plant protection, according to
their mode of action and resistance risk. The most important bactericides are also included.
Grouping is considering the biochemical mode of action, but a main driver is to identify cross-
resistance patterns between chemistries.

The Table headings are defined as:

MOA Code
Different letters (A to I, with added numbers) are used to distinguish fungicide groups according to
their biochemical mode of action (MOA) in the biosynthetic pathways of plant pathogens. The
grouping was made according to processes in the metabolism starting from nucleic acids synthesis
(A) to secondary metabolism, e.g. melanin synthesis (I) at the end of the list, followed by host plant
defence inducers (P), recent molecules with an unknown mode of action and unknown resistance
risk (U, transient status, until information about mode of action and mechanism of resistance
becomes available), and chemical multi-site inhibitors (M). Fungicidal compositions of biological
origin are grouped according to the main mode of action within the respective pathway categories.
A more recently introduced category “Biologicals with multiple modes of action” (BM) is used for
agents from biological origin showing multiple mechanisms of action without evidence of a
dominating mode of action.

Target Site and Code

If available, the biochemical mode of action is given. In several cases the precise target site may not be
known, however, a grouping within a given pathway / functional cluster is still possible. Grouping can
also be made due to cross resistance profiles within a group or in relation to other groups.

Group Name
The Group Names listed are based on chemical relatedness of structures which are accepted in
literature (e.g. The Pesticide Manual). They are based on different sources (chemical structure, site
of action, first important representative in group).

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 1 of 14

Chemical or Biological Group
Grouping is based on chemical considerations. Nomenclature is according to IUPAC and Chemical
Abstract name. Taxonomic information may be used for agents of biological origin.

Common name
BSI/ISO accepted (or proposed) common name for an individual active ingredient expected to
appear on the product label as definition of the product.

Comments on Resistance
Details are given for the (molecular) mechanism of resistance and the resistance risk. If field-
resistance is known to one member of the Group, it is most likely but not exclusively valid that
cross resistance to other group members will be present. There is increasing evidence that the
degree of cross resistance can differ between group members and pathogen species or even within
species. For the latest information on resistance and cross resistance status of a particular pathogen /
fungicide combination, it is advised to contact local FRAC representatives, product manufacturer’s
representatives or crop protection advisors. The intrinsic risk for resistance evolution to a given
fungicide group is estimated to be low, medium or high according to the principles described in
FRAC Monographs 1, 2 and 3. Resistance management is driven by intrinsic risk of fungicide,
pathogen risk and agronomic risk (see FRAC pathogen risk list).

Similar classification lists of fungicides have been published by T. Locke on behalf of FRAG – UK
(Fungicide Resistance, August 2001), and by P. Leroux (Classification des fongicides agricoles et
résistance, Phytoma, La Défense des Végétaux, No. 554, 43-51, November 2002).

FRAC Code
Numbers and letters are used to distinguish the fungicide groups according to their cross resistance
behaviour. This code should be used to define the GROUP Number on product labels. The numbers
were assigned primarily according to the time of product introduction to the market. The letters
refer to P = host plant defence inducers, M = chemical multi-site inhibitors, U = unknown mode of
action and unknown resistance risk, and BM = biologicals with multiple modes of action.
Reclassification of compounds based on new research may result in codes to expire. This is most
likely in the U – section when the mode of actions gets clarified. These codes are not re-used for
new groups; a note is added to indicate reclassification into a new code.

Last update: February 2019

Next update decisions: January 2020

* Disclaimer
The FRAC Code List is the property of FRAC and protected by copyright laws. The FRAC Code List
may be used for educational purposes without permission from FRAC. Commercial use of this material
may only be made with the express, prior and written permission of FRAC. Inclusion to the FRAC Code
List is based on scientific evaluation of the mode of action of the active ingredients; it does not provide
any kind of testimonial for the use of a product or a judgment on efficacy.

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 2 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE
benalaxyl
benalaxyl-M Resistance and cross resistance
(=kiralaxyl) well known in various
acylalanines furalaxyl Oomycetes but mechanism
A1 PA – fungicides metalaxyl unknown.
metalaxyl-M 4
A: nucleic acids metabolism

RNA polymerase I (PhenylAmides) (=mefenoxam) High risk.

See FRAC Phenylamide
oxazolidinones oxadixyl Guidelines for resistance
management
butyrolactones ofurace
Medium risk. Resistance and
A2 hydroxy- bupirimate cross resistance known in
(2-amino-) hydroxy- dimethirimol powdery mildews. 8
adenosin- pyrimidines (2-amino-) pyrimidines ethirimol Resistance management
deaminase required.
A3 isoxazoles hymexazole
DNA/RNA synthesis heteroaromatics Resistance not known. 32
(proposed) isothiazolones octhilinone
A4 Bactericide. Resistance known.
Risk in fungi unknown.
DNA topoisomerase carboxylic acids carboxylic acids oxolinic acid Resistance management
31
type II (gyrase) required.

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE
benomyl Resistance common in many
fungal species. Several target
carbendazim
benzimidazoles site mutations, mostly
fuberidazole
E198A/G/K, F200Y in β-tubulin
thiabendazole
MBC - gene.
B1 fungicides Positive cross resistance
ß-tubulin assembly (Methyl between the group members. 1
in mitosis Benzimidazole Negative cross resistance to N-
Carbamates) thiophanate Phenylcarbamates.
thiophanates
thiophanate-methyl High risk.
See FRAC Benzimidazole
Guidelines for resistance
management.
Resistance known. Target site
mutation E198K. Negative cross
protein

B2 N-phenyl
N-phenyl resistance to benzimidazoles.
ß-tubulin assembly carbamates carbamates diethofencarb High risk. 10
in mitosis Resistance management
required.
motor

B3 benzamides toluamides zoxamide

Low to medium risk.
ß-tubulin assembly Resistance management 22
thiazole ethylamino-thiazole-
B: Cytoskeleton and

in mitosis carboxamide carboxamide ethaboxam required.

B4
cell division phenylureas phenylureas pencycuron Resistance not known. 20
(unknown site)
B5 Resistant isolates detected in
grapevine downy mildew.
delocalisation of pyridinylmethyl- fluopicolide 43
benzamides Medium risk.
spectrin-like benzamides fluopimomide Resistance management
proteins required
Resistance known in Fusarium
graminearum. Target site
mutations in the gene coding for
cyanoacrylates aminocyanoacrylates phenamacril myosin-5 found in lab studies. 47
Medium to high risk.
Resistance management
B6
required.
actin/myosin/fimbrin Less sensitive isolates detected
function benzophenone metrafenone in wheat powdery mildew.
Medium risk.
aryl-phenyl-
Resistance management 50
ketones
required.
benzoylpyridine pyriofenone
Reclassified from U8 in 2018

©
FRAC Code List 2019 Page 4 of 14
 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE

pyrimidinamines pyrimidinamines diflumetorim

C1
pyrazole-5-
complex I NADH pyrazole-MET1 carboxamides tolfenpyrad Resistance not known. 39
Oxido-reductase
quinazoline quinazoline fenazaquin
benodanil
phenyl-benzamides flutolanil
mepronil
phenyl-oxo-ethyl
isofetamid
thiophene amide
pyridinyl-ethyl-
fluopyram
benzamides
furan- carboxamides fenfuram
oxathiin- carboxin Resistance known for several
carboxamides oxycarboxin
fungal species in field
thiazole- thifluzamide populations and lab mutants.
carboxamides Target site mutations in sdh
benzovindiflupyr gene, e.g. H/Y (or H/L) at 257,
bixafen 267, 272 or P225L, dependent
C2 SDHI fluindapyr on fungal species.
complex II: (Succinate- fluxapyroxad Resistance management 7
succinate-dehydro- dehydrogenase pyrazole-4- furametpyr required.
genase inhibitors) carboxamides inpyrfluxam
isopyrazam Medium to high risk.
penflufen
penthiopyrad
respir
ation

See FRAC SDHI Guidelines

sedaxane for resistance management.
N-cyclopropyl-N-
benzyl-pyrazole- isoflucypram
carboxamides
N-methoxy-(phenyl-
C.

ethyl)-pyrazole- pydiflumetofen
carboxamides
pyridine-
boscalid
carboxamides
pyrazine-
pyraziflumid
carboxamides
azoxystrobin
coumoxystrobin
enoxastrobin
methoxy-acrylates
flufenoxystrobin
picoxystrobin Resistance known in various
fungal species. Target site
pyraoxystrobin
mutations in cyt b gene (G143A,
methoxy-acetamide mandestrobin
F129L) and additional
C3 pyraclostrobin mechanisms.
complex III: methoxy-carbamates pyrametostrobin
cytochrome bc1 QoI-fungicides triclopyricarb Cross resistance shown
(ubiquinol oxidase) (Quinone outside oximino-acetates kresoxim-methyl between all members of the QoI 11
at Qo site (cyt b Inhibitors) trifloxystrobin group.
gene) dimoxystrobin
fenaminstrobin
oximino-acetamides High risk.
metominostrobin
orysastrobin See FRAC QoI Guidelines
oxazolidine-diones famoxadone for resistance management.
dihydro-dioxazines fluoxastrobin
Imidazolinones fenamidone
benzyl-carbamates pyribencarb

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE
Resistance risk unknown but
cyano-imidazole cyazofamid assumed to be medium to high
C4 (mutations at target site known
QiI - fungicides in model organisms).
complex III: (Quinone inside Resistance management
cytochrome bc1 Inhibitors) sulfamoyl-triazole amisulbrom required. 21
(ubiquinone
reductase) at Qi site No spectrum overlap with
picolinamides fenpicoxamid Oomycete fungicides
cyazofamid and amisulbrom
binapacryl
dinitrophenyl- Resistance not known.
meptyldinocap
(contin

C5
ued)

crotonates Also acaricidal activity.

dinocap
uncouplers of Low risk. However, resistance 29
oxidative phos- 2,6-dinitro-anilines fluazinam claimed in Botrytis in Japan.
phorylation
respirati

(pyr.-hydrazones) (ferimzone) Reclassified to U 14 in 2012.

on

C6
inhibitors of fentin acetate
organo tin tri-phenyl tin Some resistance cases
oxidative phos- fentin chloride 30
compounds compounds known. Low to medium risk.
phorylation, ATP fentin hydroxide
synthase
C:

C7
thiophene- thiophene-
ATP transport carboxamides carboxamides silthiofam Resistance reported. Risk low. 38
(proposed)
C8 Not cross resistant to QoI
complex III: QoSI fungicides fungicides.
cytochrome bc1 (Quinone outside Resistance risk assumed to
(ubiquinone Inhibitor, triazolo-pyrimidylamine ametoctradin be medium to high 45
reductase) at stigmatellin (single site inhibitor).
Qo site, stigmatellin binding type) Resistance management
binding sub-site required.
Resistance known in Botrytis
D1 and Venturia, sporadically in
methionine AP - fungicides cyprodinil Oculimacula.
biosynthesis anilino-pyrimidines
synthe

(Anilino- mepanipyrim 9
sis

(proposed) Medium risk.

Pyrimidines) pyrimethanil
(cgs gene) See FRAC Anilinopyrimidine
Guidelines
for resistance management.
D2
protei

Low to medium risk.

enopyranuronic enopyranuronic acid
n

23
termination step)

protein synthesis
blasticidin-S Resistance management
(ribosome, acid antibiotic antibiotic required.
Resistance known in fungal
and

D3 and bacterial (P. glumae)

protein synthesis hexopyranosyl hexopyranosyl
24
acids

kasugamycin pathogens. Medium risk.

(ribosome, initiation antibiotic antibiotic Resistance management
step) required.
D4 Bactericide. Resistance
amin

protein synthesis glucopyranosyl glucopyranosyl known. High risk.

o

(ribosome, initiation antibiotic antibiotic streptomycin Resistance management

25
step) required.
D:

D5 Bactericide. Resistance
protein synthesis tetracycline known. High risk.
(ribosome, antibiotic tetracycline antibiotic oxytetracycline Resistance management
41
elongation step) required.

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 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE

Resistance to quinoxyfen
aryloxyquinoline quinoxyfen
known.
E1 Medium risk.
signal transduction aza- Resistance management
(mechanism naphthalenes required. Cross resistance
13
unknown) quinazolinone proquinazid found in Erysiphe (Uncinula)
necator but not in Blumeria
graminis.
E: signal transduction

E2 Resistance found sporadically,

MAP/Histidine- mechanism speculative.
PP-fungicides fenpiclonil
Kinase in osmotic (PhenylPyrroles) phenylpyrroles fludioxonil Low to medium risk. 12
signal transduction Resistance management
(os-2, HOG1) required.
Resistance common in Botrytis
and some other pathogens.
Several mutations in OS-1,
E3 chlozolinate mostly I365S.
dimethachlone
MAP/Histidine- Cross resistance common
dicarboximides dicarboximides iprodione 2
Kinase in osmotic procymidone between the group members.
signal transduction vinclozolin
(os-1, Daf1) Medium to high risk.
See FRAC Dicarboximide
Guidelines
for resistance management.

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 7 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE

F1 formerly dicarboximides
edifenphos Resistance known in specific
F2 phosphoro-
phosphoro-thiolates iprobenfos (IBP) fungi.
thiolates
pyrazophos Low to medium risk.
phospholipid Resistance management
6
biosynthesis, dithiolanes dithiolanes isoprothiolane required if used for risky
methyltransferase
pathogens.
biphenyl
AH-fungicides
chloroneb
(Aromatic Resistance known in some
F3 Hydrocarbons) aromatic hydrocarbons dicloran fungi.
functi
on

quintozene (PCNB)
(chlorophenyls, Low to medium risk.
tecnazene (TCNB) 14
cell peroxidation nitroanilines) Cross resistance patterns
tolclofos-methyl
(proposed) complex due to different
activity spectra.
heteroaromatics 1,2,4-thiadiazoles etridiazole
or
egr
int

ity

F4
iodocarb Low to medium risk.
cell membrane carbamates carbamates propamocarb Resistance management 28
permeability, fatty prothiocarb required.
/ membrane

acids (proposed)
F5 formerly CAA-fungicides
Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens synonyms for Bacillus
strain QST 713 amyloliquefaciens are Bacillus
trans

subtilis and B. subtilis var.

port

of pathogen cell produced

Bacillus
F6 amyloliquefaciens amyloliquefaciens (previous
Bacillus sp. and the taxonomic classification).
strain FZB24
microbial disrupters microbial fungicidal lipopeptides
Bacillus Resistance not known.
44
amyloliquefaciens
membranes
or

strain MBI600 Induction of host plant defence

synthesi

Bacillus described as additional mode

amyloliquefaciens of action for strain QST 713
s

strain D747 and FZB24

extract from
F7 terpene hydrocarbons, Melaleuca alternifolia
lipi

(tea tree)
d

cell membrane plant extract terpene alcohols and Resistance not known. 46
plant oils (mixtures):
disruption terpene phenols eugenol, geraniol,
F:

thymol
amphoteric macrolide
antifungal antibiotic Resistance not known.
F8 natamycin
48
polyene from Streptomyces Agricultural, food and topical
ergosterol binding natalensis or (pimaricin) medical uses.
S. chattanoogensis
OSBPI Resistance risk assumed to be
F9 oxysterol binding medium to high (single site
piperidinyl-thiazole-
lipid homeostasis protein
isoxazolines
oxathiapiprolin inhibitor). Resistance 49
and transfer/storage homologue management required.
inhibition (Previously U15).

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 8 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE
piperazines triforine
pyrifenox
pyridines
pyrisoxazole
fenarimol
pyrimidines
nuarimol
imazalil There are big differences in
oxpoconazole the activity spectra of DMI
imidazoles pefurazoate fungicides.
prochloraz
triflumizole Resistance is known in various
azaconazole fungal species. Several
bitertanol resistance mechanisms are
bromuconazole known incl. target site
cyproconazole mutations in cyp51 (erg 11)
difenoconazole gene, e.g. V136A, Y137F,
diniconazole A379G, I381V; cyp51
G1 DMI-fungicides epoxiconazole promotor; ABC transporters
(DeMethylation etaconazole and others.
C14- demethylase Inhibitors) fenbuconazole 3
in sterol fluquinconazole Generally wise to accept that
biosynthesis (SBI: Class I) flusilazole cross resistance is present
(erg11/cyp51) between DMI fungicides active
G: sterol biosynthesis in membranes

flutriafol
hexaconazole against the same fungus.
triazoles
imibenconazole
ipconazole DMI fungicides are Sterol
mefentrifluconazole Biosynthesis Inhibitors (SBIs),
metconazole but show no cross resistance
myclobutanil to other SBI classes.
penconazole
propiconazole Medium risk.
simeconazole
tebuconazole See FRAC SBI Guidelines
tetraconazole for resistance management.
triadimefon
triadimenol
triticonazole
triazolinthiones prothioconazole
aldimorph Decreased sensitivity for
G2 dodemorph powdery mildews.
morpholines
fenpropimorph Cross resistance within the
14-reductase amines group generally found but not
tridemorph
and
(“morpholines”) to other
87- fenpropidin 5
piperidines SBI classes.
isomerase (SBI: Class II) piperalin
in sterol Low to medium risk.
biosynthesis spiroketal-amines spiroxamine See FRAC SBI Guidelines
(erg24, erg2)
for resistance management.
G3 KRI fungicides
(KetoReductase hydroxyanilides fenhexamid Low to medium risk.
3-keto reductase, Inhibitors) Resistance management 17
C4- de-methylation amino-pyrazolinone fenpyrazamine required.
(erg27) (SBI: Class III)
G4 Resistance not known,
thiocarbamates pyributicarb fungicidal and herbicidal
squalene-epoxidase activity.
(SBI class IV) 18
in sterol
biosynthesis allylamines naftifine Medical fungicides only.
(erg1) terbinafine

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 9 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE

H3 Formerly glucopyranosyl
antibiotic (validamycin) reclassified to U18 26
H: cell wall biosynthesis

H4 Resistance known.
peptidyl pyrimidine Medium risk.
polyoxins nucleoside polyoxin Resistance management
19
chitin synthase
required.
dimethomorph Resistance known in
cinnamic acid amides flumorph Plasmopara viticola but not in
H5 pyrimorph Phytophthora infestans.
CAA-fungicides
benthiavalicarbCross resistance between all
(Carboxylic Acid valinamide 40
iprovalicarb members of the CAA group.
cellulose synthase Amides) carbamates Low to medium risk.
valifenalate
See FRAC CAA Guidelines for
mandelic acid amides mandipropamid resistance management.

I1 MBI-R isobenzo-furanone fthalide

(Melanin
I: melanin synthesis in cell wall

Resistance not known.

reductase in Biosynthesis pyrrolo-quinolinone pyroquilon 16.1
melanin Inhibitors –
triazolobenzo-
biosynthesis Reductase) tricyclazole
thiazole
cyclopropane-
I2 MBI-D carboxamide carpropamid Resistance known.
(Melanin
Medium risk.
dehydratase in Biosynthesis carboxamide diclocymet 16.2
Resistance management
melanin Inhibitors –
required.
biosynthesis Dehydratase) propionamide fenoxanil

I3 MBI-P
(Melanin trifluoroethyl-
polyketide synthase Biosynthesis
in melanin Inhibitors – carbamate tolprocarb Resistance not known. 16.3
biosynthesis Polyketide
synthase)

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 10 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE

benzo-
P1 benzo-thiadiazole
P 01
thiadiazole acibenzolar-S-methyl Resistance not known.
salicylate-related (BTH) (BTH)

probenazole
P2 benzisothiazole benzisothiazole (also antibacterial and Resistance not known. P 02
salicylate-related antifungal activity)
P: host plant defence induction

P3 thiadiazole- thiadiazole- tiadinil

Resistance not known. P 03
salicylate-related carboxamide carboxamide isotianil

P4
natural
polysaccharide compound polysaccharides laminarin Resistance not known. P 04
elicitors
complex mixture,
P5 extract from Reynoutria
ethanol extract
anthraquinone plant extract sachalinensis (giant Resistance not known. P 05
(anthraquinones,
elicitors resveratrol) knotweed)
bacterial Bacillus mycoides
Bacillus spp.l isolate J
P6
microbial cell walls of Resistance not known. P 06
microbial elicitors fungal
Saccharomyces spp. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strain LAS117
Few resistance cases
ethyl phosphonates fosetyl-Al reported in few
P7 pathogens. P 07
phosphonates
phosphonates phosphorous acid and Low risk. (33)
salts Reclassified from U33 in
2018

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 11 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE
Resistance claims described.
cyanoacetamide- cyanoacetamide- Low to medium risk.
unknown oxime oxime cymoxanil Resistance management
27
required.
formerly phosphonates (FRAC code 33), reclassified to P 07 in 2018

teclofthalam
unknown phthalamic acids phthalamic acids (Bactericide) Resistance not known. 34
fungicides)

unknown benzotriazines benzotriazines triazoxide Resistance not known. 35

benzene- benzene-
unknown sulfonamides sulphonamides flusulfamide Resistance not known. 36
U:Unknownmodeofactiona ppe arin gin th eli s td eri ve fro mr ec la s si fi ed

unknown pyridazinones pyridazinones diclomezine Resistance not known. 37

formerly methasulfocarb (FRAC code 42), reclassified to M 12 in 2018
Resistance in Sphaerotheca.
phenyl-
unknown phenyl-acetamide cyflufenamid Resistance management U 06
acetamide
required
Resistance known in
cell membrane Venturia inaequalis.
disruption guanidines guanidines dodine Low to medium risk. U 12
(proposed) Resistance management
recommended.
cyano-methylene-
unknown thiazolidine thiazolidines flutianil Resistance not known. U 13

pyrimidinone- pyrimidinone- Resistance not known

U 14
not

unknown hydrazones hydrazones ferimzone (previously C5).

Not cross resistant to QoI.
(U numbers

complex III:
Resistance risk unknown but
cytochrome bc1, 4-quinolyl-
unknown binding acetate 4-quinolyl-acetates tebufloquin assumed to be medium. U 16
Resistance management
site (proposed)
required.
Resistance not known.
Unknown tetrazolyloxime tetrazolyloximes picarbutrazox Not cross resistant to U 17
PA, QoI, CAA.

Unknown Resistance not known.

glucopyranosyl glucopyranosyl Induction of host plant defense
(Inhibition of validamycin U 18
antibiotic antibiotics by trehalose proposed
trehalase)
(previously H3).

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 12 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
AND CODE BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE
NC: mineral oils,
not organic oils,
clas- unknown diverse diverse inorganic salts, Resistance not known. NC
si- material of
fied biological origin

inorganic copper
(electrophiles) inorganic (different salts)
M 01

inorganic
(electrophiles) inorganic sulphur M 02
ferbam
mancozeb
maneb
dithiocarbamates metiram
dithio-carbamates
and relatives propineb M 03
and relatives
(electrophiles) thiram
zinc thiazole
zineb
ziram
captan
M: Chemicals with multi-site activity

phthalimides
phthalimides captafol M 04
(electrophiles)
folpet
chloronitriles Generally considered as a low
(phthalonitriles) chloronitriles risk group without any signs of
(unspecified (phthalonitriles) chlorothalonil resistance developing to the M 05
mechanism) fungicides.
multi-site
contact sulfamides sulfamides dichlofluanid M 06
activity (electrophiles) tolylfluanid
bis-guanidines
(membrane guazatine
disruptors, bis-guanidines iminoctadine
M 07
detergents)
triazines
(unspecified triazines anilazine M 08
mechanism)
quinones
quinones
(anthraquinones) dithianon M 09
(anthra-quinones)
(electrophiles)

quinoxalines chinomethionat /
(electrophiles) quinoxalines quinomethionate
M 10

maleimide
(electrophiles) maleimide fluoroimide M 11

thiocarbamate
(electrophiles) thiocarbamate methasulfocarb Reclassified from U42 in 2018 M 12

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 13 of 14

 MOA TARGET SITE GROUP NAME CHEMICAL OR COMMON NAME COMMENTS FRAC
BIOLOGICAL GROUP CODE

BM: Biologicals with multiple modes of action multiple effects on

extract from the
cell wall, ion
cotyledons of Resistance not known
membrane plant extract polypeptide (lectin)
lupine plantlets (previously M12).
BM 01
transporters;
(“BLAD”)
chelating effects
Trichoderma
atroviride
strain I-1237
Trichoderma
atroviride
multiple effects fungal strain LU132
described: Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma
microbial atroviride
competition, (living microbes strain SC1
mycoparasitism, or extract, Trichoderma
Resistance not known BM 02
antibiosis, metabolites) asperellum
lytic enzymes, strain T34
induced resistance Gliocladium
fungal
catenulatum
Gliocladium spp.
strain J1446
Streptomyces
bacterial
griseovirides
Streptomyces spp.
strain K61

FRAC Code List© 2019 Page 14 of 14