Apron Markings

and Signs
HANDBOOK
Third Edition 2017
 CONTENTS
1 PRINCIPLES 1
1.1 RECOMMENDED COLOURS 1
1.2 USING THIS HANDBOOK 2
1.3 RECOMMENDED CHARACTERISTICS 
3

2 APRON AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS FOR AIRCRAFT  4

2.1 STAND LEAD-IN LINE, TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE CENTRE LINE  4
2.2 STAND LEAD-IN LINES FOR MULTIPLE AIRCRAFT TYPE PARKING STANDS  5
2.3 APRON AND TAXIWAY EDGE  6
2.4 MAXIMUM WINGSPAN MARKING  8
2.5 NO ENTRY MARKING  9
2.6 ALTERNATIVE AIRCRAFT STAND TAXILANE  10
2.6.1 OPTION 1  11
2.6.2 OPTION 2  11
2.6.3 EXAMPLE OF T-SHAPED ALTERNATIVE AIRCRAFT STAND TAXILANES  12
2.7 STAND INFORMATION MARKING  13
2.7.1 OPTION 1 – STAND DIRECTION  13
2.7.2 OPTION 2 – STAND LOCATION  14
2.8 DIRECTION TO PARKING STAND  15
2.8.1 OPTION 1  15
2.8.2 OPTION 2  19
2.8.3 OPTION 3  21
2.9 DIRECTION TO AN AREA OF PARKING STANDS  23
2.10 STAND IDENTIFICATION ON PARKING STAND  24
2.11 BASIC AIRCRAFT STOP LINE  25
2.12 MULTIPLE AIRCRAFT STOP LINE  27
2.13 BASIC MARSHALLER AND TOWING STOP LINE  29
2.14 MULTIPLE MARSHALLER AND TOWING STOP LINE  30
2.15 POWER OUT, TURN BAR AND ALIGNMENT LINE  33
2.16 ONE WAY ARROW  34

3 APRON MARKINGS FOR VEHICLES 

35
3.1 BOUNDARY OF RESPONSIBILITY LINE  35
3.2 STAND SAFETY LINE  36
3.3 STAND-BY AREAS – RESTRICTED FOR AIRCRAFT MANOEUVRES  37
3.4 STAND-BY AREAS – HEIGHT RESTRICTED  38
3.5 STAND DIVIDING LINE  38
3.6 TRACTOR PUSHBACK LINE AND PUSHBACK LIMIT LINE  39
3.7 EQUIPMENT PARKING AREA  40
3.8 NO PARKING AREA  41
3.9 AIR BRIDGE WHEEL POSITION  42
3.10 UNDERGROUND SERVICES INCLUDING FUEL HYDRANT MARKINGS  43
3.11 SERVICE ROAD  44
3.12 VEHICLE LIMIT LINE  45
3.13 STAND IDENTIFICATION ON SERVICE ROAD  46
3.14 TAXIWAY AND TAXILANE CROSSING  47
 3.15 PEDESTRIAN CROSSING  48
3.16 PEDESTRIAN GUIDE LINE  48

4 APRON SIGNS 49
4.1 STAND IDENTIFICATION SIGN FOR AIRCRAFT  49
4.2 NO ENTRY SIGN FOR AIRCRAFT  49
4.3 SIGN “ATTENTION TO CROSSING AIRCRAFT” FOR VEHICLES  49
4.4 JET BLAST SIGN FOR VEHICLES  49
4.5 EXAMPLES OF ROAD AND OTHER TRAFFIC SIGNS  50
4.6 EXAMPLES OF EMERGENCY SIGNS  52
4.7 FOD BIN  53

5 FORM AND PROPORTIONS OF LETTERS AND NUMBERS 54

5.1 CHARACTERS ACCORDING TO ICAO ANNEX 14 (VOL I) APPENDIX 3 FOR MARKINGS  54
5.2 CHARACTERS ACCORDING TO ICAO ANNEX 14 (VOL I) APPENDIX 4 FOR SIGNS  55

6 EXAMPLES OF APRON MARKINGS  56

6.1 EXAMPLE 1  56
6.2 EXAMPLE 2  57

7 APPLICATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MARKINGS  58

7.1 GENERAL  58
7.2 QUALITY MANAGEMENT  58
7.2.1 QUALITY CONTROL  58
7.2.2 COMMON PROBLEMS  58
7.3 SURFACE PREPARATION  61
7.3.1 METHOD  61
7.3.2 CONTAMINANTS  61
7.3.3 CLEANING  62
7.4 MATERIALS  62
7.4.1 MATERIALS ACCEPTANCE  62
7.4.2 MARKING MATERIALS  62
7.4.3 USE OF GLASS BEADS ON PAVEMENT MARKINGS  63
7.4.4 PREFORMED THERMOPLASTIC AIRPORT PAVEMENT MARKINGS 64
7.5 PAINT APPLICATION  65
7.5.1 METHOD  65
7.5.2 FRICTION  65
7.5.3 STRIATED MARKINGS  65
7.5.4 WEATHER LIMITATIONS  66
7.5.5 EQUIPMENT FOR PAINT APPLICATION  66
7.5.6 PROTECTION AND CLEAN-UP  67
7.5.7 TEMPORARY MARKINGS  67
7.6 REMOVAL OF MARKINGS  67
7.6.1 CONSIDERATIONS  67
7.6.2 EQUIPMENT FOR REMOVAL OF MARKINGS  68
7.6.3 WATER BLASTING  68
7.6.4 SHOT BLASTING  69
7.6.5 GRINDING  69
7.6.6 BROOMS, VACUUM EQUIPMENT, OR AIR COMPRESSOR  69
7.6.7 CHEMICALS  69