Handout - Geo and PH History - 2018 Edition PDF

Geography and Philippine History and Government
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Handout Reviewer

Prepared and Compiled by: Mr. Rhey Mark H. Diaz, MAEd TSS (candidate)
BSEd Social Studies, Lic. No. 1334242, Exp. June 2020
Name: ______________________________________ – We modify it.

Course: _______________Major: ________________ – People modify our environment
by
Basics in Geography heating and cooling buildings for comfort.
• Imaginary Lines – We adapt to it.
– Latitudes – We adapt to the environment by
– Tropic of Capricorn wearing
– Tropic of Cancer clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and
– Equator winter (coats), rain and shine.
– Arctic Circle • Movement
– Antarctic Circle • How are people, goods, ideas moved from
– Longitudes place to place?
– Prime Meridian – Human Movement
– International Date Line (IDL) – Trucks, Trains, Planes
– Grids – Information Movement
5 Themes of Geography – Phones, computer (email), mail
• Location – Idea Movement
• Place – How do fads move from place to
• Human-Environment Interaction place?
• Movement TV, Radio, Magazines
• Regions • Regions
• How are Regions similar to and different from
• Location other places?
Where are we? – Formal Regions
• Absolute Location – Regions defined by
– A latitude and longitude (global location) governmental or administrative
or a street address (local location). boundaries (States, Countries,
– Paris France is 48o Cities)
North Latitude and 2o – Regions defined by similar
East Longitude. characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky
– The White House is Mountain region, Chinatown).
located at 1600 – Functional Regions
Pennsylvania Ave. – Regions defined by a function
(newspaper service area, cell
• Relative Location phone coverage area).
– Described by landmarks, time, direction – Vernacular Regions (Not in your book)
or distance. From one place to another. – Regions defined by peoples
– Go 1 mile west on main perception (middle east, the
street and turn left for 1 south, etc.)
block. – Remembering the 5 themes
• Place • If you can’t remembering what they are just ask
– What is it like there, what kind of place is MR. HELP!!!
it? – M – Movement
– Human Characteristics – R – Regions
– What are the main languages, – HE – Human Environment
customs, and beliefs. interaction
– How many people live, work, – L – Location
and visit a place. – P - Place
– Physical Characteristics Philippine Geography/ Facts
– Landforms (mountains, rivers, • Mt. Apo, Tri-boundaries of Davao City, North
etc.), climate, vegetation, Cotabato and Davao del Sur – highest peak
wildlife, soil, etc. • Mt. Dulang-dulang, Bukidnon – 2nd highest Peak
Human-Environment Interaction • Sierra Madre – longest Mountain Range, from
• How do humans and the environment affect Cagayan to Quezon
each other? • Philippine Deep – deepest depths
– We depend on it. • Luzon – largest Island, Mindanao- 2nd Largest
– People depend on the Island- Most Populated
Tennessee River for water and • Davao City – largest City, Puerto Princesa City –
transportation. 2nd Largest City
LET Social Studies – Philippine History and Geography_ ©2018 | Page 1 of 36
• Pearl of the King – largest Pearl (9 kilos) • Highest Point/Peak/ Mountain: Mt. Everest
• As of 2014, Philippine Population estimated: 105 (Nepal)
Million people, 2nd in Southeast Asia and 12th in • Lowest Point: Dead Sea (Israel-Jordan)
the World • Smallest Nation/Country: Vatican City (Holy See)
• Manila – (May Nilad) Insigne y Siempre Leal • Largest Population: 1st China (1.4 Billion) 2nd
Ciudad, The Distinguished and Ever Loyal City) India (1.3 Billion)
Capital City – June 24, 1571(ML. Legaspi) July 17, • Largest Economy: 1st China 2nd United States
1948 (PD 940) • Tallest Building: Burj Khalifa (Dubai, UAE)
• Quezon City – (Largest City in the Philippines- • Longest River: Nile River
according to Population) Capital City (July 17, • Largest River: Amazon River
1948-June 14, 1976 / RA 333) • Largest Desert: Sahara Desert
• Cebu City – oldest city (San Miguel, Ciudad de • Highest Waterfall: Angel Falls (Venezuela)
Santisimo Nombre de Jesus, City of Most Holy • Largest Continent: Asia, 17,212,000 square
Name of Jesus) miles
• Rio Grande de Cagayan/ Cagayan River – • Smallest Continent: Australia, 3,132,000 square
largest and longest river miles
• Rio Grande de Mindanao – 2nd Largest and • Highest Lake: The highest navigable lake is Lake
longest river Titicaca in Peru, 12,500 feet above sea level
• Famous Volcanoes/ Mountains: • Lowest Lake: The Dead Sea, Israel-Jordan,
– Mt. Mayon - Albay (Region 5) surface of water 1,349 feet below sea level
– Mt. Hibok-hibok – Camiguin (Region 10) • Largest Freshwater Lake: Lake Superior, U.S.-
– Mt. Canlaon between 2 Negros provinces Canada, 31,820 square miles
(Region 6 & 7) • Smallest Ocean: Arctic Ocean, 5,427,000 square
– Mt. Taal – Batangas (Region 4a) miles
– Mt. Banahaw – Quezon province (Region • Largest Gulf: Gulf of Mexico, 615,000 square
4a) miles
– Mt. Bulusan – Sorsogon (Region 5) • Largest Bay: The Bay of Bengal, 1,300,000
– Mt. Pinatubo – Zambales (Region 3) square miles
• Largest Island: Greenland, 839,999 square miles
– Mt. Musuan- Valencia City, Bukidnon
• Largest Gorge: Grand Canyon, Colorado River,
(Region 10)
Arizona, U.S., 217 miles long, 4–18 miles wide, 1
– Mt. Iriga – Camarines Sur (Region 5)
mile deep
– Mt. Iraya – Batanes (Region 2) • Deepest Gorge: Hells Canyon, Snake River,
– Mt. Matutum – South Cotabato (Region Idaho, 7,900 feet deep
12) • Longest Mountain Range: The Andes of South
– Mt. Makiling – Laguna (Region 4a) America, 5,000 miles
– Mt. Arayat – Pampanga (Region 3) • Shortest River: The Roe, Montana, U.S., 200 feet
long
 18 Regions • Longest Estuary: Ob River, Russia, 550 miles
 Newest Region – Negros Island Region (Negros long, up to 50 miles wide
Oriental and Occidental) • Largest Lagoon: Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil, 150
 National Capital Region (16 cities and 1 miles long, 4,500 square miles
municipality) • 5 Major Oceans
 ARMM – Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao – Pacific (North & South Pacific)
 CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region – Atlantic (North & South Atlantic)
 81 – Provinces as of 2017 (Dinagat Islands, – Indian Ocean
Davao Occidental (Malita) RA 10363 – Southern Ocean
– Arctic Ocean
• World Geography
– 7 Continents Land and Water Forms
– Asia, Africa, North America, South • Archipelago - a group of many islands
America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia • Canal - a man-made waterway connecting two
and Oceania bodies of water and is designed to shorten travel
• Largest Nation/ Country: Russia time or irrigate
• Largest City: Tokyo, Japan • Basin - an area of land largely enclosed by higher
• Greatest Archipelago: 1st Indonesia 2nd land.
Philippines • Bay - part of a body of salt water that reaches into
• Largest Peninsula: Arabian Peninsula the land; usually smaller than a gulf
• Largest Ocean: Pacific Ocean • Canyon - narrow valley with steep sides; usually
• Largest Sea: Mediterranean Sea created by erosion
• Largest Lake: Caspian Sea • Cape - a curved or hooked piece of land extending
• Deepest Depths: Mariana Trench into a body of water

• Channel - a narrow deep waterway connecting • Volcano - a cone shaped mountain formed out of
two larger bodies of water; the deepest part of the rock or ash thrown up from inside the earth,
waterway. frequently with an opening or depression at the top
• Coast - land along the sea or ocean • Waterfall - place where running water makes a
• Delta - land built up by deposits of sand and silt at sheer drop, usually over a cliff
the mouth of some rivers
• Desert - dry, barren region usually sandy and Nick Names of the countries
without trees, little rainfall or practical use of land • The Great White North - Canada
unless irrigated • Hellas - Greece
• Forest - a large tract of land covered with trees • Holy Land - Israel
and underbrush; extensive wooded area • Land of the rising sun - Japan
• Glacier - a large body of slow moving ice which • The Emerald Isle - Ireland
alters the land around it through displacement • India’s teardrop - Sri Lanka
• Gulf - part of a sea or ocean that reaches into • Land of the Indus Valley Civilization - Pakistan
land; usually larger than a bay • Land of the Huns - Hungary
• Harbor - a sheltered area of water where ships • Rainbow nation - South Africa
may anchor safely • Holland - Netherlands
• Highland - an area of hills, plateaus, and • The Cradle of Civilization - Egypt
mountains • The Jewel in the Crown - India
• Hill - a raised part of the earth’s surface with • The Red Dragon - China
sloping sides; old mountain which because of • Lusitania - Portugal
erosion has become rounder and shorter • Kiwiland - New Zealand
• Iceberg - a large mass of floating ice that has • Anatolia - Turkey
broken off from a glacier, most of this is • The Boot - Italy
underwater • Emerald of the equator - Indonesia
• Inlet - a small part of a body of water that reaches • The White Rus - Belarus
into a coast • Uncle Sam - USA
• Island - an area of land completely surrounded by • Abyssinia - Ethiopia
water • Land of Chocolate and Cuckoo Clocks -
• Isthmus - narrow strip of land with water on both Switzerland
sides connecting two larger pieces of land • Pearl of the Orient Seas - Philippines
• Lake - a large body of water surrounded by land • Mesopotamia - Iraq
• Mountain - high, rocky land, usually with steep • The Gift of the Nile - Egypt
sides and a pointed or rounded top, higher than a • Land of the upright men - Burkina Faso
hill • Bread basket of Europe - Ukraine
• Mountain range - a long chain of mountains; a • Pearl of the India Ocean - Sri Lanka
row of connected mountains • Home of the Brave - USA
• Oasis - a fertile place in the desert where there is • The Sleeping Giant - China
water and some vegetation • The Lucky Country - Australia
• Ocean - largest body of salt water; these cover 3/4 • The Armpit of Africa - Cameroon
of the earth’s surface. • Land of Mary Waters - Guyana
• Peninsula - piece of land that extends into a body • The Lungs of the world - Indonesia
of water and is surrounded on three sides by water • Land of saint and scholars - Ireland
• Plain - a broad, flat or gently rolling area; usually • The country on the sunny side of the Alps -
low in elevation Slovenia
• Plateau - flat highland area with one steep face; • Land of poets - Chile
elevated plain • The Land of smiles - Thailand
• Port - man-made place along the coastline where • An island surrounded by land - Paraguay
ships can load and unload cargo; not a natural • The Subcontinent - India
harbor • Land of the blue sky - Mongolia
• Prarie - a large plains region with tall grass • The Deed Heart of Africa - Chad
• Reef - a ridge of rock or sand at or near the • The Emerald Isle - Ireland
surface of the water river • Albion - United Kingdom
a large stream of water flowing through the land • Land of Milk and Money - Switzerland
into a lake, ocean, or other body of water • The Kingdom in the sky - Lesotho
• Sea - a large body of water, usually salt water, • Land of the thunder dragon - Bhutan
partly or completely surrounded by land • Lechia - Poland
• Strait - a narrow waterway connecting two larger
bodies of water Philippine Cities Nicknames
• Swamp - an area of land that is always soaked • Makati - The Wall Street of the Philippines
with water; low, wet land that supports grass and • Marikina - The Shoe Capital of the Philippines
trees • Navotas - The Fishing Capital of the Philippines
• Valley - low land between hills or mountains • Pasay - The Travel Capital of the Philippines

• Dagupan - The Bangus Capital of the Philippines Philippine Names
• Vigan - The Heritage City of the Philippines • Claudius Ptolemy – Maniolas
• Baguio - The Summer Capital of the Philippines • Chinese – Mai-i (Mindoro) – Land of Gold
• La Trinidad - Strawberry Capital of the Philippines – Mintolang (Mindanao)
• Tuguegarao - The Premier Ibanag City – Malilu (Manila)
• Bongabon, Nueva Ecija - Onion Capital of the – Luzon (Lusong)
Philippines • Ruy Lopez de Villalobos – Las Islas Felipinas
• Muñoz, Nueva Ecija - The Science City of the • Ferdinand Magellan – Archipelago of St. Lazarus
Philippines • American Colonization – Philippine Islands
• San Fernando, Pampanga - The Christmas City • Islas de Poniente (Islands of the West) –
of the Philippines Europeans
• Antipolo, Rizal - The Pilgrimage City of the • Pearl of the Orient Seas – Fr. Juan J. Delgado
Philippines (1751) Dr. Jose P. Rizal (1892)
• Lipa, Batangas - The Rome of the Philippines
• Los Baños, Laguna- Special Science and Nature Origin of the Philippines
City of the Philippines • Biblical
• San Pablo, Laguna - The City of Seven Lakes • Legends (Philippines came from a giant who was
• San Pedro, Laguna - Sampaguita Capital of the carrying a huge rock
Philippines • Science (Claim that it was part of the remnant of
• Puerto Princesa - The Eco-Tourism Capital of the Pre-historic Continent called “Mu” or “ Lemuria”)
Philippines Volcanic Eruptions
• Bacolod, Negros Occidental - The City of Smiles – Continental Shelf Theory
• Roxas, Capiz - Seafood Capital of the Philippines – Volcanic Theory
• Cebu - The Queen City of the South
• Calbayog - City of Waterfalls Location, Area and Natural Resources
• Dipolog - The Orchid City of the Philippines • Southeast Asia
• Zamboanga - Asia's Latin City • 4°23’ N & 21°25’N Latitudes and 116°E & 127°E
• Cagayan de Oro - The City of Golden Friendship • Northernmost Island: Y’ami – 240 km from
• Davao - The Crown Jewel of Mindanao Taiwan
• Tagum - Music Capital of the South • Southernmost Island: Saluag Isle – 24 km. from
• General Santos City - The Tuna Capital of the Sabah, Malaysia
Philippines • Total Land Area: 300,780 sq.km. or 0.2% of the
• Butuan - Home of the Balangays world's land mass
• Marawi - The Only Islamic City in the Philippines • Bigger than United Kingdom and almost as
• Amadeo, Cavite - Coffee Capital of the large as Italy and slightly smaller than Japan
Philippines • 7,107 islands
• Batangas City - Industrial Port City of Calabarzon • 3 Island Groups: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
• Calamba City - Cradle of the National Hero
• Puerto Gallera - The World's Most Beautiful Bay 11 main Islands
• Legazpi - The Queen City of Bicol – Luzon
• Pagadian - The Little Hong Kong of the South – Mindanao
– Samar
Philippine National Symbols
– Negros
• Tree – Narra
• Leaf – Anahaw – Palawan
• Fruit – Mango – Panay
• Bird – Philippine Eagle – Mindoro
• Animal – Water Buffalo/ Carabao – Leyte
• Fish – Milk Fish/ Bangus – Cebu
• Flower – Waling-Waling/Sampaguita – Bohol
• Dish – Lechon/ Adobo – Masbate
• House – Nipa Hut/ Bahay Kubo • PD 1596 – declaring the Kalayaan Islands a part of
• Costume – Male: Barong Tagalog the Philippines – as Municipality under Palawan
– Female: Baro’t Saya • Philippine Seas – increased due to UNCLOS of
• Laro – Sipa/Takraw/Arnis December 10, 1982:
• Hero – Jose P. Rizal – Recognition of Archipelagic Doctrine
• Vehicle – Kalesa/ Jeepney – A 12-mile belt of territorial waters
• Gem – South Sea Pearls/ Pearls – 200-miles EEZ
• Anthem – Lupang Hinirang Climate
• Language – Filipino • Tropical and Monsoonal in Character
• Motto – Makadiyos, Makatao, Makalikasan, • 2 distinct seasons: the dry season (from December
Makabayan to May) and wet season (from June to November)

• Plant Life: Aurora, marigold, bandera española, – Death March Marker, Tarlac
cadena de amor, dama de noche, gumamela, – Fort Santiago, Manila
kamuning, kalachuchi, jasmin and ilang-ilang – Magellan Marker, Lapu-lapu, Cebu
– Rizal Monument, Manila
Animal Life: – Lapu-Lapu Monument, Mactan, Cebu
–Water Buffalo – Magellan’s Cross, Cebu
–Eastern Sarus Crane or Tipol in Luzon
and Labong in Visayas – biggest bird Social Environment
– Philippine Monkey Eating Eagle • Population (2014) – 105 Million (12th in the World
(Philippine Eagle) and 2nd in Southeast Asia)
– Kalaw – clock in the mountain • Social Classes: Rich, Middle Class and Lower
– Katala – can talk like human Class (present time)
– Palawan Peacock
– Tamaraw in Mindoro Filipino Characters:
– Tarsier in Bohol – Fatalism (Bahala na)
– Mouse deer in Balabac Is. in Palawan – Sensitive about their honor and reputation
Fish and Marine Resources: (self-pride)
– Rhincodon typus (Whale Shark) Largest – Smooth relations with their relatives,
Fish friends and colleagues (pakikisama)
– Pandaka Pygmaea (Tabios) Smallest – Lack of Discipline
Fish – Hiya (Shame)
Minerals – Lack perseverance (Ningas cogon)
– Iron-bearing areas: Surigao del Norte – Mañana Habit
and Surigao del Sur/ Angat, Bulacan, – Hospitable
Larap, Camarines Norte, Marinduque and – Liberty-loving people
Samar – Gratitude (Utang na loob)
– Chromite Deposits: Masinloc, Zambales – Cooperative (Bayanihan)
– Nickel: Surigao del Norte – Hard Work
– Coal: Cebu, Polillo Is, Masbate and – Durability and Resiliency
Mindanao – Kanya-kanya
– Asbestos: Ilocos Norte and Zambales Regional Traits
– Asphalt: Leyte – Ilocanos: are the most adventurous,
– Lead and Zinc: Masbate hardworking, and frugal
– Cement: Cebu, La Union and Rizal – Tagalog: feel superior to other Filipinos
– Sulphur: Biliran, Camiguin and Mt. Apo because they live in a region blessed with
– Tin and Quicksilver: Palawan rich farm lands and navigable rivers and
Energy panoramic beauties and their participation
– Maria Cristina Falls (Hydro-electric) in history
– Dams – Bicolanos: are religious, mild-tempered
– Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant and musical people
Scenic Beauties and Natural Wonders – Bisayans: particularly those from Ilo-ilo
– Subterranean River National Park, Puerto are extravagant, carefree and jolly
Princesa City, Palawan – Muslim Filipinos: are fierce and valiant
– Mt. Apo, Davao warriors on both land and sea
– Chocolate Hills in Bohol • Filipino Women: occupy a high place in Philippine
– Mt. Haguimitan in Davao Oriental Society
– Hundred Islands in Pangasinan
– Mt. Mayon in Albay Early Ancestors
– Banaue Rice Terraces in Benguet • Biblical Story – Creation by God (Japheth-Javan-
– Boracay Island, Panay Is. Elisha, Tharsis, the Kittim and the Rodanim- Early
Filipinos
– Pagsanjan Falls, Laguna
• Scientific:
– Taal Volcano, Batangas
– Human Theory of Migration and Evolution
Man-made Wonders – Migration Theory (Dawn Men or Cave Men,
Negritos, Indonesians, Malays) Henry Otley
– Paoay Church, Ilocos Norte
Bayer
– Aguinaldo Shrine, Cavite
– Core Population Theory - Felipe Landa
– Rizal Shrine, Laguna
Jocano
– Vigan Colonial Houses, Ilocos Sur
– germinal period (250,000 to 10,000 BCE)
– Malacañan Palace, Manila
– formative period (10,000 to500 BCE
– Barasoain Church, Bulacan
– incipient period (500 BCE to 900 CE)
– Corregidor Is., Cavite
– emergent period (900 to 1400 CE) established a confederation of polities and named
– Robert Fox discovered – Skull Cap of Tabon it the Confederation of Madja-as centered in
Cave Man (22,000 BC) Aklan and they settled the surrounding islands of
• Legends and Fairy Tales (Malakas and the Visayas.
Maganda) • This confederation reached its peak under Datu
Padojinog. During his reign the confederations'
The Kingdom of Tondo hegemony extended over most of the islands of
• Since at least the year 900, the thalassocracy Visayas.
centered in Manila Bay flourished via an active • Its people consistently made piratical attacks
trade with Chinese, Japanese, Malays, and against Chinese imperial shipping.
various other peoples in East Asia.
• Tondo thrived as the capital and the seat of power The Country of Mai
of this ancient kingdom • Around 1225, the Country of Mai, a Signified pre-
• Led by kings under the title "Lakan" and ruled a Hispanic Philippine island-state centered in
large part of what is now known as Luzon from or Mindoro, flourished as an entrepot, attracting
possibly before 900 AD to 1571. traders & shipping from the Kingdom of
• It grew to become one of the most prominent and Ryukyu to the Yamato Empire of Japan.
wealthy kingdom states in pre-colonial Philippines
• Due to heavy trade and connections with several The Sultanate of Lanao
neighboring nations such as China and Japan. • Founded in16th century through the influence of
Shariff Kabungsuan, who was enthroned as first
The Rajahnate of Butuan Sultan of Maguindanao in 1520.
• 1011AD Rajah Sri Bata Shaja, the monarch of the • The Maranaos of Lanao were acquainted with the
Indianized Rajahnate of Butuan, a maritime-state sultanate system when Islam was introduced
famous for its goldwork sent a trade envoy under to the area by Muslim missionaries and traders
ambassador Likan-shieh to the Chinese Imperial from the Middle East, Indian and Malay regions
Court demanding equal diplomatic status with who propagated Islam to Sulu and Maguindanao.
other states. • Unlike in Sulu and Maguindanao, the Sultanate
• The request being approved, it opened up direct system in Lanao was uniquely decentralized.
commercial links with the Rajahnate of Butuan and • The area was divided into Four Principalities of
the Chinese Empire thereby diminishing the Lanao or the Pat a Pangampong a Ranao which
monopoly on Chinese trade previously enjoyed by are composed of a number of royal houses
their rivals the Dynasty of Tondo and the Champa (Sapolo ago Nem a Panoroganan or The Sixteen
civilization (16) Royal Houses) with specific territorial
• Evidence of the existence of this rajahnate is given jurisdictions within mainland Mindanao.
by the Butuan Silver Paleograph. • This decentralized structure of royal power in
Lanao was adopted by the founders, and
The Rajahnate of Cebu maintained up to the present day, in recognition of
• The Rajahnate of Cebu was a classical Philippine the shared power and prestige of the ruling clans
state which used to exist on Cebu Island prior to in the area, emphasizing the values of unity of the
the arrival of the Spanish. nation (kaiisaisa o bangsa), patronage (kaseselai)
• It was founded by Sri Lumay otherwise known and fraternity (kapapagaria)
as Rajamuda Lumaya, a minor prince of the
Chola dynasty which happened to occupy The Sultanate of Sulu
Sumatra. • In 1380, Karim ul' Makdum and Shari'ful
• He was sent by the maharajah to establish a base Hashem Syed Abu Bakr, an Arab trader born in
for expeditionary forces to subdue the local Johore, arrived in Sulu from Malacca and
kingdoms but he rebelled and established his own established the Sultanate of Sulu.
independent Rajahnate instead. • This sultanate eventually gained great wealth
• This rajahnate warred against the 'magalos' due to its manufacture of fine pearls.
(Slave traders) of Maguindanao and had an
alliance with the Butuan Rajahnate before it was The Sultanate of Maguindanao
weakened by the insurrection of Datu (Lord) • At the end of the 15th century, Shariff
Lapulapu. Mohammed Kabungsuwan of Johor introduced
Islam in the island of Mindanao
The Confederation of Madja-as • Subsequently married Paramisuli, an Iranun
• During the 11th century several exiled datus of the Princess from Mindanao, and established the
collapsing empire of Srivijaya led by Datu Puti led Sultanate of Maguindanao.
a mass migration to the central islands of the • By the 16th century, Islam had spread to other
Philippines, fleeing from Rajah Makatunao of the parts of the Visayas and Luzon.
island of Borneo.
• Upon reaching the island of Panay and purchasing Malayan Heritage (Pre-Colonial)
the island from Negrito chieftain Marikudo, they • Food and Drinks:

– Rice, Carabao Meat, Pork, Chickens, sea – Early Filipinos Practice Divorce
turtles, fish, bananas and other fruits – Panghimuyat – a certain amount of
– They cooked their food in earthen pots on money given to the bride to be parents as
in bamboo tubes payment for the mother’s rearing the girl
– They ate with their fingers, using banana – Bigay-suso – a form of payment given to
leaves as plates and coconut shell as girls wet nurse for feeding the bride
drinking cups during her infancy wit milk of her own
– They made fide through rubbing two breast
pieces of dry wood – Himaraw – another sum of money given
• Tuba- wine from coconut to girl’s parents as reimbursement for the
• Lambanog- wine of Tagalogs amount spent in feeding the girl during
• Basi- wine of Ilocacos, made from sugarcane/ her infancy
tubo • Government:
• Tapuy- wine of Igorots, made from rice/bigas – Barangay (Balangay) composed of 100
• Pangasi- wine of Visayans. Made from rice/bigas. families
– Mode of Dressing: – Ruler of Barangay was called Datu/ hari
– Men: or Raja (Executive, Legislative and
– Kangan- collarless, short- Judicial Powers vested)
sleeved jacket – Usually obtained his position by
– Bahag- strip of cloth inheritance
– Putong – a piece of cloth wound • Laws:
around the head – Oral Laws were the customs (Ugali)
– Kolambigas- gold armlets – Umalahokan – announcer of the
– Women: government to the people
– Baro- wide sleeved jacket – Burial and Mourning Customs
– Patadyong- skirt – Morotal – Woman
• Tattoos – to enhance their bodily beauty and to – Maglahi – Man
show their war record – Laraw – Chieftain
• House: Religion:
– Batalan – where jars of water were kept - Bathala- the supreme God of Ancient Filipinos
for household purposes - Idiyanale- God of Agriculture
– Bahay Kubo - Apolaki/Madarangan- God of War
• Amusements: carabao races, wrestling, fencing, - Sidapa- God of the Dead
boat races, and stone-throwing contest, banquets - Siginarugan/ Agni- God of Fire
to celebrate good harvests - Lalahon- Goddess of Harvest
• Music: - Ridul- God of Thunder
– Musical Instruments: - Dal’lang- Goddess of Beauty
– Kudyapi (Tagalog guitar), - Anito- the spirits of their descendants
– Kalaleng, Tinggian (nose flute), - Mag-anito- the sacrificial
– the Kulintang (Moro Xylophone), - Katalonan o Babaylan- the leader of sacrificial
– Tultogan (Visayan Bamboo drum), ceremony
- Balangaw/Barangao – god of rainbow
– the Silbay (Ilocano reed flute) and
- Diyan Masalanta – God of love
– Suracan (Subanum cymbal)
- Sisiburanin – goddess of underworld
– Folk Dances:
– Kumintang (Love Dance), • Superstitions:
– Dandansoy (Bisayan Tuba Dance), – Asuang, Mangkukulam, Tianak,
– Kinnotan (Ilocano Ant Dance) , Tikbalang, Anting-anting, Gayuma
– Paujalay (Moro wedding Dance), • Languages:
– Tadok (Tinggian love dance) – Malayo-Polynesian Languages
– Songs: • Writing:
– Tagumpay (Victory Song), – Use a sharp pointed iron instrument
– Dallu (Negrito Religious Song), called Sipol as pen
– Ayog-ku (Igorot serenade song), – They wrote on banana leaves, tree-barks
– Bactal (Tagbanua death song), and bamboo tubes
– Dallot (Ilocano Ballad Song),
– Kuilay-kuilay (Tingian wine song), • Literature:
– Tudob (Agusan harvest Song) – Sabi – Maxims
– Marriage Customs: – Bugtong – Riddles
– To marry within their rank – Talindaw – Boat Song
– Before the marriage – groom gave dowry – Tagumpay – Victory Song
to the family of bride (Bigay-kaya) – Uyayi – Hele
– Ihiman – Wedding song • Paa
– Kumintang – War song • Raha
– Pangalay – Sayaw ng dalawang ikinasal • sandata
– Kinnotan – Ant dance Sarong (Skirt) and the putong of the ancient Filipinos
– Dadansoy – Courtship (Visayas) were Indian origin.
Epics: • Superstitious beliefs
– Hudhud & Alim – Ifugao • Customs
– Biag ni Lam-ag – Ilocano – Hanging a garland around the neck of
– Handiong – Bicolano visitor
– Bantugan, Indrapatra & Sulayman , – Giving dowry by the groom to the bride’s
Bidasari, Parang Sabil – Muslims parents
– Showering the groom and bride with rice
• Education: after the wedding ceremony
– Bothoan – the name of the school in – Offering buyo to a visitor as a sign of
Panay Island hospitality
– Taught in Sanskrit Language, reading, – Pilgrimage by a childless couple to a holy
writing, arithmetic, use of weapons and shrine
bolos (art of acquiring amulets and Early Relations with China as early as 982 AD – Filipinos
talismans) from Mindoro sailed to Canton, China in an Arab Ship
– Banakal- stalk of the tree to be use in – They did business around Lingayen Gulf,
writing Manila Bay, Mindoro and Sulu
– Agurang- the elders of the society who • We learned from Chinese how to make:
will teach the young – Gunpowder
• Sciences: – To mine a gold
– Used mathematical operations in their – To work with metal
business transactions – and to make kites
• Weights and Measures • In costumes:
• Calendars – Gave us early Filipino jackets and loose
– 12 months a year with 30 days each trousers, slippers, wooden shoes (bakya)
month fans and umbrellas.
• Coinage – The use of white clothes for mourning the
• Domestic and Foreign Trade dead
– China, Japan, Siam, Malacca, India, • Social Customs:
Sumatra, Java and Borneo – Respect for elders
• Agriculture and Industries – Arranged Marriages
– Kaingin Method – And Worship of dead ancestors
– Wooden Plows – The use of firecrackers at New Year
– Recognized the system of public and – Tong (fees)
private ownership of lands – Gambling (Jueteng, cards and mah-jong)
• In Language: about 1500 words in Tagalog
Indian, Chinese and Arabian Heritage (Pre-Colonial) vocabulary came from Chinese examples:
• Early Relations with India as early as 900 AD – Ate, Bakya, Bantay, Buwisit, Gunting,
• Hindus gave us such industries as: Kuya, Pinto, susi
– Mining quicklime in Masbate
– Waving cotton cloth Early Relations with Arabia (1380)
– making lotus designs • 1380- first Arab visitor Mukdum came to Sulu from
– making guitars Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
– making sampaguita flower leis • He spread Islam, the Muslin Religion and built the
– raising fruits (Mango, Langka and sirisa) first Mosque at Simunul, Sulu
and • 1450- Abu Bakr went to Jolo and married the
– vegetables (ampalaya, patola, and princess of Jolo and founded the Sultanate of
malunggay) Sulu
In writing- our ancient alphabet came from their Sanskrit • 1475- Shariff Kabunsuan landed in Cotabato and
writing conquered that Valley and built the Sultanate of
• In Language: The Tagalog language has 375 Maguindanao
Sanskrit words, some examples are:
• Ama • Sultanate Government
• Asawa – Headed by a Sultan (King)
• Halaga – Raja (heir)
• Maharlika – Dayang (Princess)
• Nanay – Kali (Judge)
• Mutya – Composed of 10-12 barangay/nayon
• Panglima- assistant of the Sultan between Sulu and Southern Annam
• Lakamana- personal sacrificial of Sultan flourished
• Bintala- administrator of all Pandita (priest of – Men of Banjars – Made Sulu became
each purok). one of the chief trading centers in the
• Nakib- the commander of the armed forces region
• Makabili- services in the market – Sri Vijaya – founded by Dapunta Hyang
• Maharajah- Purok leader Sri Jayanasa, powerful empire arose in
• Quran – holy book of Islam the city of Palembang located in Sumatra,
Indonesia. Mahayana Tantric Buddhist
5 Pillars of Islam Kingdom and the greatest maritime
• Shahada- Allah is the only God and Mohammad is empire in Southeast-asia. Made Sulu one
the Phrophet of the flourishing trade centers
• Salat- prayer for 5 times a day – Madjapahit Empire – greatest Javanese
• Zakat- alms giving empire. Founded by Raden Wijaya
• Saum- fasting (reigned 1293-1309). Under Hayam
• Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca, once in a life Wuruk the empire reached its zenith,
• Mecca- were Mohammad came from claiming sovereignty over Indonesia
• Muslim Culture Influences (now). It was a Hindu or Indian in culture.
• ARABESQUE Architecture in all mosque
• SARIMANOK designs of Maranaos Factors triggered the Age of Exploration
• OKIL of Tausugs • Rise to Power of the Islamic Empire
• Dance: SINGKIL – Muslims took control the major trade
routes from the famous Silk (Central Asia)
Pre-Colonial Society – Indian Ocean and the Moluccas –
• Social Stratification: Muslims gained the monopoly of all Asian
– Nobles (Chiefs & and his Family) products
– Freemen (Middle Class) Timawa – Only Venetian Merchants are allowed to
– Dependents (Alipin) use the Indian Ocean route
• 2 Kinds of Alipin/ Slaves • Renaissance Period
– Aliping Namamahay – A revival of learning and renewed interest
– Aliping Saguiguilid in wordly matters/Religious Matters
• Visayan Dependents (1400-1600)
– Tumataban – work for his master if – New ideas are introduced that change
requested almost entirely all of European society
– Tumarampok – one day a week – Belief that the world is flat
– Ayuey – 3 days a week – Technological progress began
• One could go up the social ladder or lose his social – The Medieval Travelers
status depending on certain circumstances – Marco Polo from Venice Italy – the most
• System of Writing famous European visitor to the Mongol
– Baybayin or syllabary court in China.
• Laws (legend/ myth) • The Crusades
– Code of Kalantiyaw – one of the first – A military expedition to recover Jerusalem
known written laws, formulated allegedly and other places of pilgrimage in
by Datu Kalantiyaw in 1453, he was the Palestine
third chief of Panay and a descendant of • Propagation of Catholic Faith
Datu Sumakwel – Portugal Spain, France, England, and
– Maragtas Code – is also considered Holland accompanied by merchants and
among the oldest written laws. Major missionaries
crimes as rape, incest, murder, witchcraft, • Pioneers of European Explorations
insult, trespassing, heretical acts, and – Portugal: Prince Henry the Navigator,
larceny were punish by death or heavy 1488- Bartholomew Diaz Cape of Good
fine Hope, 1497-Vasco da Gama in Calicut
– Trial by Ordeal - was used to determine India, Alfonso de Albuquerque
the guilt of a person – Spain: Christopher Columbus (1451-
• Trade Partners 1506) form Genoa Italy
– Blood compact called sanduguan was
concluded between the contracting Rivalry in Territorial Claims
parties to seal a treaty of friendship and – Pope Alexander VI issued the papal bull
alliance Inter Caetera/ Treaty of Zaragosa on
– Orang Dampuans or Men from Champa May 4, 1493
in Southern Annam – established trading – it sought to divide the non-
post in Sulu and since then, trade Christian world between Spain

and Portugal by drawing a • It added to the knowledge about geography
imaginary demarcation line in • It made Spain interesting in colonizing the
the Atlantic at 100 leagues west Philippines
of Azores and the Cape Verde
Islands Next Expeditions after Ferdinand Magellan
– Non- Christian and lying east of • Juan Garcia Joffre de Loaysa (1525) reached
demarcation line belonged to Portugal Surigao Bay. Its leaders died along way
– While those in the west to Spain • Sebastian Cabot (1526) – reached only as far as
– Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): where the South America.
demarcation line in the Atlantic was • Alvaro de Saavedra (1542) – reached Mindanao
moved farther to the west and attempted to go to Cebu. Failed to find the
– It was these two treaties that provided a survivors of Loaysa Expedition. Leader died on its
legal basis for Spain to send expeditions way back to Spain
to the east by the westward route and • Ruy Lopez de Villalobos- reached Mindanao and
pave way for sending the Magellan the coast of Tandaya.He named Philippines as Las
expedition Islas Felipinas
– Pope Julius II issued another treaty that • Miguel Lopez de Legaspi (1565)
provided for another line of demarcation - Voyaged through Viceroy Luis de Velasco of
and made Brazil a Portuguese New Spain (Mexico)
possession – Reached Homonhon Island and
Limasawa and met Datu Banka
Spanish Exploration – Blood compact with Datu Sikatuna and
• God, Gold, Glory Sigala in Bohol
• Ferdinand Magellan (nationality: Portuguese, – He proceed to Cebu with Raja Tupas
naturalized Citizen of Spain) – He named it the Most Holy Name of
• September 20, 1519 left San Lucar de Jesus / Villa de San Miguel
Barrameda, Spain – Due to food shortage he proceeded to
• With 5 Ships: Panay Islands and to Manila
– Trinidad – Ferdinand Magellan – Juan de Salcedo – expedition to the
– Concepcion – Gaspar de Quesada North (Ilocos)
– Victoria – Luis Mendoza – Marti de Goiti – conquered Manila
– Santiago – Juan Serrano defended by Raja Sulayman at the Battle
– San Antonio – Juan de Cartagena of Bankusay
 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel of Spain – Manila declared as the Capital of Spanish
financed the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan Philippines
– Antonio Pigafietta - the chronicle of – The Distinguished and Ever Loyal City
Magellan’s Expedition
– March 16, 1521 – reach Samar and Spanish Philippines – Government
Homonhon Island then to Limasawa and
met Raja Kolambu
– 1st Blood Compact (Magellan-Kolambu)
– 1st Mass with Father Pedro de
Valderrama
• Named Philippines as Archipelago of St. Lazarus
• They proceed to Cebu with Raja Humabon (1st
Baptized as Carlos and his wife Juana) – Magellan
gave the beautiful image of Child Jesus
• After Cebu they proceed to Mactan – Raja Lapu-
lapu
• Magellan died in the battle with Rajah Ci Lapu-
lapu
• Juan Serrano took over the leadership of • 2 Branches of Government
Ferdinand Magellan – Executive and Judicial
• Later Sebastian El Cano took the leadership and • Headed by the Governor-General
bring Victoria back to Spain – is the official representative of King of
• Victoria only return to Spain with Sebastian Del Spain to the Philippines
Cano
– He has the power to Execute, Legislate
• Trinidad trapped at Moluccas Island of Portugal
laws and Judge (Judiciary)
– He execute all laws and royal decrees
Results of Magellan’s Voyage
issued by King
• It was the first voyage around the world by sea
• It proved that the earth is not flat – Can appoint, remove officials except
those appointed by the King
– He can appoint a friar curate – Corregimientos headed by
– Can resolve the issues between the Corregidores (Mariveles, Mindoro and
government authority and religion Panay)
– Cumplase- the power of Governor – Duties:
General to approved or not to apply a – They represented the Spanish king and
certain decree issued by the King of the Governor-General
Spain – They managed the day-to-day operations
– Can be the President of Royal Audiencia of the provincial government
– There is no Legislative Branch in the Implemented laws and
Philippines – supervised the collection of taxes
– All laws came from Spain like Leyes de – Though they were paid a small salary,
India, Siete Partidas, Leyes de Toro at La they enjoyed privileges such as the
Novisima Recopilacion. – Indulto de Comercio or the right to
participate in the galleon trade.
Mexican Viceroy & Council of Indies • Reduccion - One of the major processes of
• Mexican Viceroy pacification through conversion. It was the system
– Until 1821, the Philippines really was of gathering the converts into a cabecera.
really by the Spanish Viceroy in Mexico in
the name of the King  Towns / Municipalities
– This was because the Philippines was – Pueblos (Municipalities) headed by
colonized from Mexico, the Spanish Gobernadorcillos or Little Governor
Colony in Americas – MAIN DUTIES: Efficient governance and
• Council of Indies taxcollection.
– Was mandated by the king to appoint the – Four lieutenants aided the
head of colonial government Gobernardorcillo:
– Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant),
Royal Audiencia (1583) – Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant),
• First president – Governor General Santiago de – Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of
Vera. the fields)
• Oidores- chief ministers – Teniente de Ganados (lieutenant of the
Duties: livestock)
• 1. Judicial – tried the cases from the lower courts – They had small salaries but were
• 2. Executive – can be able to be the Governor exempted from paying taxes
General if there is vacancy in the seat of Governor qualifications
General – Any native or Chinese meztizo 25 years
• 3. Legislative- can make laws which under the old Literate in oral or written spanish
agreement with the Governor General Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years Ex:
• Will audit the over-all spending of the Government Emilio Aguinaldo
Residencia and Visitador  Barrio/ Barangay
• Residencia
– - Barangays headed by Cabezas de
– was an investigation of an official Barangay (Tax Collector for
conducted at the end of his term Gobernadorcillos)
– Officials found guilty of public misconduct – Responsible for the peace and order of
were penalized either with imposition of the barrio
heavy fines, sequestration of property,
– Recruited men for public works
imprisonment or dismissal form office
– QUALIFICATIONS: Cabezas should be
• Visitador/ Visita
literate in Spanish Have good moral
– Was conducted without any previous
character and property Cabezas who
notice
served for 25 years
– Very rarely done, the visitador general
– The positions of Gobernadorcillos and
was sent to the colony with the power to
Cabeza de Barangay were given to the
investigate the governor and other high
Filipinos particularly the former Datus
officials
 City
.
Ayuntamiento headed by the Alcalde
Local Government
– Cebu, Manila, Nueva Segovia (Cagayan),
• Provincial Level
Villa Fernandina (Vigan), Nueva Caceres
 Alcaldias (Province) headed by Alcalde Mayor
(Camarines Sur), Ilo-ilo, Jaro, Arevalo
– Alcale Mayor - Salary of Php 300.00/
(Ilo-ilo)
month
– It became the center of trade and industry
– Unpacified area
– The Ayuntamiento had a city council
called the CABILDO
– Cabildo is composed of: – Young women were kept in the home or
– Alcalde (MAYOR) school “colegios”
– Regidores (COUNCILORS) A New Calendar:
– Alguacil Mayor (POLICE CHIEF) – Western Calendar
– Escribando (SECRETARY) – Gov. General Claveria corrected the
Philippine Calendar on August 16, 1844
Powers of the Parish Priest he ordered that Tuesday, December 31,
– Tax Collector 1844 would be Wednesday, January 1,
– Preacher 1845
– Confessor Spanish Names for Filipinos:
– Registrar of deeds, births, marriages and – Gov. General Claveria , ordered all
deaths Filipino families to choose a surname
– Election Inspector from a catalog sent to all provinces in the
– Law Enforcer country – November 21, 1849 –
• Union of Church and State (Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos)
• Archbishops became a acting Governor-General in Spanish Language:
times of vacancy – Mesa, Silla, Oras, Campana, etc.
• Archbishops – the highest leader of Church in the
Philippines Western Education under Spain:
• Bishops – Second highest leader of the Church – Elementary, Secondary and College
• Propagation of Catholic Faith: Augustinians, – Religion is the main focused education
Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and Recollects – Subject were taught in Elementary:
reading, writing, arithmetic, catechisms
Philippine Territory and good moral/ values
• 333 years under Spain – School for Boys:
• Territory includes: – Colegio de San Ignacio became the Ateneo
• The island archipelagoes of Guam, Marianas, the Municipal,
Carolines and the Palaus in the South Pacific were – Colegio de San Ildefonso, Cebu (1595) and
included in Philippine territory – Colegio-Seminario de San Jose in Maynila
• Most of Mindanao and Sulu were excluded (1601)
• Interior mountain regions of Luzon and Visayas – School for Girls:
were also excluded – Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1594)- 1st
School for Girls,
Spanish Heritage – Beaterio de la Compana de Jesus (1694),
• Catholicism – Spain’s Greatest Legacy – Colegio de Sta. Catalina (1696),
• 1578- 1st Hospital was founded in Manila – San – Colegio de Sta. Rosa (1750),
Juan de Dios and the San Lazaro Hospital – Colegio dela Concordia at Convento dela
• Spain introduced new food plants like: Asuncion,
– Corn – Colegio de Sta. Isabel- oldest school for Girls in
– Potatoes present
– Coffee – Subject were taught: Music, Cooking, Sewing,
– Cacao Painting, Embroidery, Doctrina Cristiana,
– Cabbage Spanish Language, History and Mathematics
– Sigarillas
– Chicos Printing, Books and Newspapers:
– Guavas – Doctrina Cristiana – first published Book
– Wheat in the Philippines
– Beef – Del Superior Govierno – first newspaper
– Mutton (from lamb) (Published by Gov. Gen. Manuel
– Sausages Gonzales de Aguilar
– Ham
– Sardines Literature:
– Spoons, forks, table knives, napkins, – Urbana at Felisa by Father Modesto de
crystal drinking glasses Castro.
– Drinks: Beer, Cognac, Port, Sangria – Poetry and Plays - Jose dela Cruz or
– Clothing: Western Coat, Americana, Huseng Sisiw and Francisco Baltazar
Saya, Camisa – Awit (Heroic Poems), Corridos (Religious-
legendary poems)
Filipino Women in Spanish Time: – Don Juan Tenorio, Ibong Adarna and
– Respected and honored by men Bernanrdo Carpio
– They attended dances and other social – Florante at Laura – Balagtas (Balagtasan)
events – El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere
– Theatre: Peninsu
– Western Style plays performed on stage lares
by live actors
Insulares
– Cenaculo - this is a dramatic
performance to commemorate the
passion and death of Jesus Christ Ilustrados
– Panunuluyan – this is presented before
Chinese Mestizos
12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a
presentation of the search of the Virgin
Indios
Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to
deliver the baby Jesus. Economic Life Under Spain
– Salubong (or Panubong) - The • Encomienda:
Salubong is an Easter play that – was the money from the tribute upon
dramatizes the meeting of the Risen certain conquered territory
Christ and his Mother. It is still presented – It was given by the King to a Spanish
in many Philippine towns. conquistador as reward for his services
– The Zarzuela – considered the father of – 1591 there were 267 encomiendas in the
the drama; it is a musical comedy or Philippines
melodrama three acts which dealt with – Due to abuses, it was abolished in 16th
man’s passions and emotions like love, Century
hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some • Tribute:
social or political problem – Was the residence tax
– Moro-moro - is presented also on a – Each family paid one peso per year
special stage. This is performed during – A single person paid one-half peso
town fiestas to entertain the people and to – Can be paid in Cash or in good
remind them of their Christian religion.
– It was replaced in 1884 by Cedula Tax
• Music:
• Sanctorium
– Cariñosa, Surido, Pandanggo, Jota
– A tax of three reales was collected by the
• Houses and Villages:
government but turned over to the Church
– Central Plaza • Polo or Force Labor:
– Bahay na bato – All male Filipinos from 16 to 60 years old
– Patio and Azotea were forced to work for the government
• Arts: – At first, it lasted for 40 days and reduced
– Damian Domingo- father of Filipino to 15 days in 1884
Painters – Polistas of (force laborers)
– Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion – won – Build schools, roads and bridges
international fame with their paintings in
– Filipino Men can buy their Force Labor
National Exposition in Madrid in 1883
paying called Falla
– Spolarium of Juan Luna • Bandala:
– Romanesque & Gothic – An indirect tax imposed on the Filipino
– Doric, Ionian, Corinthian, Graeco-Roman, farmers who were required to sell their
Byzantine, and Baroque products to the government
Social Classes • Abolition of Slavery
• Principalia – made up of the kinship of the ancient • Galleon Trade and Subsidy from Mexico
datus, nobility, encomenderos, teachers and othr – Manila-Acapulco Trade
professionals and local officials
– It ended in 1815
• Masses – ordinary citizens
– Real Subsidy (real situado)
• Middle Class or the Ilustado
• Peninsulares – Pure Spnaish blood born in Spain – Php 250,000.00
• Insulares – Pure Spanish Blood boin in the • Introduction of New Plants and Animals
Philippines – Corn, coffee, cacao, beans, achuete,
• Illustrados – Filipinos studies Abroad maguey, peanuts, chico and papaya
• Chinese Mestizos – mixed races of Chinese, – Sheep, carabaos, ducks, geese and
Filipino and Spnaish better breeds of chickens and roosters
• Indios – the native Filipinos • Introduction of New Industries
– Cattle-ranching, making of candles and
soap, sugar, tobacco
• Economic Society and the Royal Company
– Sent the first shipment of indigo (dye) to
Europe
– Imported new seeds and machinery from
the United States to help farmers

– King Charles III founded the Royal 6. Revolt of Bancao (1622) - Disillusionment with
Company of the Philippines Spanish rule / Religious (Leyte)
• Rise of Banks 7. Revolt of Sumuroy (1649-1650) –Defiance of the
– Obras Pias (Good Works System) order given by Gov. General Fajardo (Agustin
– First Bank was founded by Francisco Sumuroy) - Cavite
Rodriguez 8. Silang Revolt – (Ilocos) Force Labor, Expulsion of
– Oldest existing bank in the Philippines is Spaniards and Spanish Mestizos – lead by Diego and
the Bank of the Philippine Islands Gabriela Silang
• Tobacco Monopoly 9. Palaris Revolt (1762-1764) – lead by Juan Dela
– Founded by Governor General Jose Cruz Palaris, end the payment of tributes (Pangasinan)
Basco y Vargas in 1782. 10. Igorot Revolt (1601) – Opposition to the attempts
– Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, of the Spaniards to convert them to Christianity
Nueva Ecija, and Marinduque 11. Gaddang Revolt (1621) – Revolted against
– It was abolished by Governor General Encomenderos and government officials
Primo de Rivera 12. Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622) – Religious motive
• Opening of the Philippine Ports to the World (Bohol)
13. Dagohoy Revolt (1744-1829) – Francisco
– Opening of the other Philippine Ports:
Dagohoy – refusal of Father Gaspar Morales friar
Sual, Ilo-ilo, Cebu and Zamboanga
curate of the town of Bohol to give Christian burial to
the brother of Francisco Dagohoy
British Colonization (1762-1764)
14. Tapar Revolt (1663) – Modification of Christianity
• Why British came?
15. Basi Revolt (1807) – government imposition of the
• Invaded Philippines as part of the Seven Years
monopoly on wine (basi)
War (Britain vs. France)
16. Cavite Revolt (1822) – Injustices committed by the
• British invasion was planned from India by the
rich landowners against the helpless farmers – Luis de
British East India Company
los Santos and Juan Silvestre
• September 22, 1762- British fleet entered Manila
17. Hermano Pule Revolt (1832-1841) – Religious
Bay
causes “Confradia de San Jose (Tayabas, Quezon)
• General Draper ordered the attack of Manila
• October 5, 1762 – Manila fell to the British
Propaganda Movement and Katipunan
invaders
• Causes of Nationalism
• Looting of Manila
– New idea from abroad about the freedom
• During the British Colonization there were 2 British
Governor lead the country (1) Dawsonne Drake and the rights of men
and the (2) Alexander Dalrymple. – Opening of Suez Canal
• Spanish Governor General also exists during the – Race prejudice against Filipino priests
British Colonization – the acting Governor General – The Spanish Revolution of 1868
Antonio Manuel Rojo and Rebel Governor – Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za
General Simon de Anda • Propaganda Movements
• Filipinos remain loyal to Spain – La Solidaridad – founded by Graciano
• End of British Invasion: Lopez Jaena and 1st Editor (1889) and
• Seven Years was ended purchased by Marcel H. Del Pilar
• May 31, 1764 rebel leader Simon de Anda made – La Liga Filipina – founded by Jose P.
their triumphant entry into Manila Rizal (Noli Me Tangere/ Touch Me Not
and El Filibusterismo/ The Reign of
Filipino Revolts Greed)
Causes: Heavy Taxes imposed, force labor, illegal land – 1st and Last President of La Liga
possession, monopoly, religious freedom, oppression and Filipina: Ambrosio Salvador
exploitation of the foreigners – Kataastaasan Kagalang-galangang
1. Tondo Conspiracy (1687-1588) – Objective: To Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
regain freedom from Spain lead by Magat (KKK) founded by Andres Bonifacio on
Salamat, Agustin de Legaspi, Juan Banal, Pedro July 7, 1892 at Azcarraga St. (Claro M.
Balingit Recto Avenue, Tondo, Manila)
2. Revolt of Magalat (1595)– Objective: – Unite the Filipinos into one solid nation
Disillusionment with Spanish rule and Opposition – To fight for Philippine Independence
of Tribute (Tuguegarao, Cagayan) – Civic. Moral and Political
3. Ladia Conspiracy (1543) – Objective: Restoration • Government:
of Barangaic Political Set-up lead by Pedro Ladia – Supreme Council (Central Government)
4. Revolt of Maniago (1660-1661) – Objective: To – Provincial Council
free and Independent from Spain and Force Labor – Popular Council
(Pampanga) – Francisco Maniago/ Cavite
– Judicial Council
5. Revolt of Malong (1660-1661) – Causes: Spanish
• Members:
Oppressive impositions, Force Labor (Andres Malong) -
– 1st Grade (Katipon) – Anak ng Bayan
Pangasinan
– 2nd Grade (Kawal) - Gom-Bur-Za – Made a Constitution copied the Cuban
– 3rd Grade (Bayani) – Rizal Constitution (Isabelo Artacho and Felix
– Literature of Katipunan: Ferrer)
– Decalogue of KKK (A. Bonifacio) – Pact of Biak-na-Bato (Gov.Gen. Primo de
– Pag-ibig sa Tinubuan Lupa (A. Bonifacio) Rivera and Pedro Paterno of the
– Kartilla (E. Jacinto) Philippine Government)
– Kalayaan (E. Jacinto) Official Newspaper • Exile of E. Aguinaldo
of KKK • Spain pay an amount of Php
– A la Patria (E. Jacinto) 800,000 to be given in three
• Discovery of Katipunan installments- Php 400,000-upon
– Teodoro Patiño told his sister Honoria the departure of Aguinaldo, Php
about the plot 200,000 – the surrender of arms
and Php 200,000 amnesty to the
– Honoria told to a Visayan Nun everything
rebels
– Visayan Nun told everything to Father
• Additional Php 900,000 would be
Mariano Gil
given to Civilian Filipinos
affected by the revolution
Philippine Revolution
• No Peace after Biak-na-Bato Truce
• Cry of Pugadlawin- August 26, 1896
• Causes of the Revolution
The Coming of America
– Abuses of Spanish Officials and priests • Why America come to the Philippines
– Persecution of Filipino leaders who – The Spanish-American War
defended the rights of their fellow
– American Bases
countrymen
– The Policy of Manifest Destiny
– Filipinos desire to regain their freedom
– The Filipino Invitation
– Discovery of KKK
• The Battle of Manila Bay –Americans won over
• First Battle took place at San Juan del Monte on
Spanish Navy (May 01, 1898) Lead by Admiral
Sunday August 30, 1896
Patricio Montojo of Spain and Admiral George
• Governor General Ramon Blanco declared a
Dewey of USA
state of war in 8 provinces: Pampanga, Laguna,
• The Return of Aguinaldo –McCullough Dewey’s
Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Tarlac, Manila and
dispatch ship and arrived in Cavite on May 19,
Nueva Ecija
1898. Aguinaldo and Dewey agreed to fight
• Rivalry between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio
together the Spaniards
• Magdiwangs (Bonifacio) and
• Dictatorial Government was declared by Emilio
Magdalos (Aguinaldo)
Aguinaldo lasted from May 24, 1898.
• Tejeros Assembly: March 22, 1897 – wanted to
• Declaration of Philippine Independence on June
settle controversy between two factions.
12, 1898 ay Kawit, Cavite
– They elect officials representing the • Rianzares Bautista read the Declaration of the
Revolutionary Government of the Philippine Independence
Philippines • The Philippine Flag also displayed and the
– Emilio Aguinaldo elected as President Philippine National Anthem was played
– Andres Bonifacio Elected as Interior
Secretary Second Revolutionary Government – declared as
– But Daniel Tirona protested on Aguinaldo’s adviser Apolinario Mabini advised Pres.
Bonifacio’s elections Aguinaldo – June 23, 1898
– Bonifacio declared the election is null and – Mabini issued a decree of June 23 for the
void creation of Congress to draft the
• Death of Bonifacio: Gen. Aguinaldo ordered to Philippine Constitution
imprison Andres Bonifacio and his brothers – Reorganization of the Government in
• The Revolutionary Government tried Bonifacio and Provinces
his brother Procopio and sentenced to die
• But President Aguinaldo reduced it to life Surrender of Spain
imprisonment. • Governor General Fermin Jaudenes and Wesley
• But he was pressured to cancel that order and to Meritt agreed for a Mock Battle and Spain paid by
execute Bonifacio USA of Php 20 Million US Dollar in Treaty of Paris
• May 10, 1897 Andres and Procopio were shot by on December 10, 1898
Aguinaldo’s soldiers under the command of Major
Lazaro Makapagal at Mt. Buntis, Maragondon Women of the Revolution
– Melchora Aquino/ Tandang Sora –
Biak-na-Bato Republic Grand old Woman of Balintawak, Mother
– San Miguel, Bulacan of Katipunan
– Gregoria Montoya – Joan of Arc of
Cavite
– Agueda Kahabagan – Joan of Arc of – January 23, 1899 inauguration of the First
Santa Cruz, Laguna Philippine Republic
– Teresa Magbanua – Joan of Arc of – Emilio Aguinaldo as First Philippine
Visayas Government
– Trinidad Tecson – Mother of the Biak- • Filipino American War
na-Bato – Private Robert W. Grayson of First
– Nazaria Lagos – Florence Nightingale of Nebraska Volunteers shot and killed a
Panay Filipino Soldier at San Juan Bridge
– Patronicia Gamboa – Heroine of Jaro, – First American War on Asian soil
Ilo-ilo – By winning this was, the US became a
– Marcella Agoncillo – sewed the world power
Philippine National Flag – February 05, 1899- American navy
• Periodicals of Revolution bombarded the Filipino positions in
– El Heraldo dela Revolution Manila
– Indice Official / Gaceta DE Filipinas – Filipinos lost ground to the superior forces
– La Independencia – Antonio Luna of US- retreated to provinces
– La Republica Filipina – Pedro Paterno – March 31, 1899 – Malolos captured by
– La Libertad – Jose Zulueta Americans, Aguinaldo fled to Pampanga,
– Ang Kaibigan nang Bayan Nueva Ecija and to Northern Luzon
– El Nuevo Dia – Sergio Osmeña – In Negros: Generals Aniceto Lacson and
– El Pueblo – Vicente Sotto Juan Araneta organized the Republic of
• Spanish Governor Generals of the Philippines Negros – American Government toppled
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – 1st Governor General it
of the Philippines – In Battle of San Mateo Rizal: December
• Guido de Lavesares – 2nd Governor General of 19, 1899 – General Henry C. Lawton
the Philippines killed by Filipino troops (General Licerio
• Archbishop Francisco dela Cuesta – 1st Geronimo)
Archbishop- Gov. General – Aguinaldo ordered the Filipinos to fight a
• Cristobal Fellez de Almanza – 1st Royal guerilla warfare, Filipino forces were
Audiencia – Gov. General divided into small groups
• Archbishop Manuel Rojo – Gov. General during – Capture of Aguinaldo: Palanan, Isabela
the British Colonization by General Frederick Funston on March
• Narciso Claveria – Surnames of the Filipinos 23, 1901 and Aguinaldo was taken to
• Jose Basco Vargas – Tobacco Monopoly Manila and took his oath of allegiance to
• Jose Lemery e Ibarrola Ney Gonzales – birth of the US on April 16, 1902
Jose P. Rizal – Miguel Malvar fought on Batangas until
• Carlos Maria Dela Torre – Introduced the April 16, 1902
Liberalism in the Philippines – Macario Sakay – try to establish
• Fernando Primo de Rivera – signed the Biak-na- Republic of Southern Tagalog
Bato Pact – Simeon Ola of Albay Province gave up
• Emilio y Terrero – read the Noli Me Tangere open on September 25, 1903
minded
• Eulogio Despujol – He ordered the exile of Jose Filipino General of the War
P. Rizal • Antonio Luna – Luzon
• Ramon Blanco – declared the Matial Law in 8 • Tomas Mascarado, Maximo Hizon ans
Provinces Sevillano Aquino in Central Luzon
• Camilo de Polavieja – ordered the death • Miguel Malvar in Batangas
sentence of Rizal • Juan Cailles in Laguna
• Diego delos Rios - Last Governor General • Mariano Trias in Cavite
• Paciano Rizal, Pantaleon Garcia and Artemio
The First Philippine Republic and Filipino-American Ricarte in Luzon
War • Vito Belarmino and Jose Paua in Bicol
• Malolos Congress • Martin Delgado, Teresa and the Magbanua
– September 15, 1898 brothers (Pascual and Elias) in Ilo-ilo
– President of Malolos Congress Pedro • Vicente Lucban in Samar
Paterno • Simeon Ola in Albay
– Malolos Constitution by Felipe G. • Gregorio del Pilar - Tirad Pass
Calderon
– Approved by Congress on November 29, Emilio Famy Aguinaldo
1898 Contributions and Achievements
• First Philippine Republic – first president

– youngest president – he became the • was a basic law for the Insular Government that
country’s leader at age 28 was enacted by the United States Congress on
– longest-lived president – he died when he July 1, 1902.
was 94 – known as the Philippine Bill of 1902 and
– one of the active leaders of KKK the Cooper Act, after its author Henry A.
– signed the Pact of Biak na Bato Cooper.
– known as the President of the – The approval of the act coincided with the
Revolutionary Government official end of the Philippine–American
– he fought against the Spanish and War.
American to retain our independence • Provisions included;
– a bill of rights for the Filipinos
Philippines as an American Colony – the appointment of two Filipino nonvoting
• Philippine Territory in American Times: Resident Commissioners to represent the
– The island archipelagos of Marianas, Philippines in the United States Congress
Carolines and Palaus in the South Pacific – the disestablishment of the Roman
no longer part of the Philippines Catholic Church
– Mindanao and Sulu became part of the – conservation of natural resources for the
Philippines (through the Bates Treaty) Filipinos
– Interior Mountain region of Luzon were – exercise of executive power by the civil
also included governor who would have several
• American Policies: executive departments
– The Americans said they would ho as – establishment of the Philippine Assembly
soon as the Filipinos could stand on their to be elected by the Filipinos two years
own as a free nation after the publication of a census and only
– Americans were kinder and more after peace had been restored completely
generous than other colonial powers in the country
– Filipinos adopted American ways very • Philippine Assembly:
well (Brown Americans) – July 30, 1907 the first free national
elections were held
American Colonial Government: – Philippine Assembly was inaugurated in
– Military Government (August 14, 1898 – July Manila Grand Opera House on October
04, 1901) 16, 1907 and Sergio Osmeña was
– Gen. Wesley Merrit, Gen. Elwell Otis and Gen. elected as Speaker
Arthur MacArthur – First all-Filipino lawmaking body during
– Civil Government (July 04, 1901 – August 1902) the American era
– The Philippine Commissions – Helped the Philippine Commission
– Schurman Commission (1899) (Dr. Jacob making laws for the colony
Schurman) – Philippine Commission acted like the
– Taft Commission (1890-1916) – William Howard upper house and assembly acted as
Taft – organized the Civil Government in the lower house
Philippines • Philippine Legislature:
– Spooner Act – Establishment of Civil Government – Inaugurated at Manila on October 16,
in the Philippines 1616
• American Governor-General: (1901-1935) – 2 Houses; the House of Representative
– July 04, 1901 the civil government was and Senate
inaugurated and William Howard Taft – Manuel L. Quezon Elected as Senate
became the first American Governor- President
General and Frank Murphy the last – Sergio Osmeña elected as House
• The Americans shared power with the Filipinos Speaker
unlike Spanish
• The Americans train our people in democracy and Significant Laws acted under America
self-rule • Kiram-Bates Treaty – sovereignty of US over the
• At first Filipinos are only appointed to local whole archipelago of Sulu and its dependences is
government as the war ended Filipinos can acknowledge
participate and were elected in free elections • Payne-Aldrich Act (1909) –partial free trade of
• 1901- Cayetano Arellano was appointed Chief US and Philippines
Justice of the Supreme Court • Underwood Simons Tariff Law – allowing an
• 1903- Gregorio Araneta became the first Cabinet open trade between the Philippines and Us
Secretary (October 13, 1913)
• Philippine Bill of 1902 or Cooper Law on July • Reconcentration Act – provided for the zoning of
01, 1902 – was passed to create the Philippine inhabitants of a town known to have thieves/
Assembly outlaws

• Sedition Law (1901) – provided that Filipino – Philippine products, copra, sugar, cigars
advocating independence or separation from US hemp, etc. were sold to the Americans
would be punished severely by death or – American products, cars, radios,
imprisonment appliances, cigarrettes, etc were bought
• Brigandage Act – proving for severe penalty by the Filipinos
those who steal carabao • New Industries
• Gabaldon Act/ Law – Establishment of Barrio – Manila and other cities and towns sprang
schools (Isauro Gabaldon) up hundreds of factories to make coconut
• Municipal Code Act oil, cigars and cigarettes, sugar rope and
– Municipal President textiles
– Vice President – Mining and fishing became big industries
– Council – Household cottage industries also
– Qualified voters – were males, 23 years boomed
old – Developed the coconut and hemp
• Provincial Code Act industries
– Governor – Tobacco were also developed
– Treasurer • Improvement of Transportation and
– Supervisor Communications
• Civil Service Act – Automobile, electric street car, airplane,
– To enter in government it must be take telephone, wireless telegraph, radio and
the examinations movie were introduced
– Introduction of merit system – American developed our railroads in
• Filipinization of the Philippine Government by Luzon, Cebu and Panay
Francis Burton Harrison – Pier 7 in Manila became the largest port
– Was the process, during the American in Asia
colonial period in the Philippines, – Manila became the center of air travel in
of putting Filipinos in active positions in Asia
government, replacing U. S. officials. – The Kennon Road opened Baguio and
– was part of the American policy of the Mountain Province to travel
creating a government for the Philippines • New Banks
and preparing the country for eventual – 1906 Postal Saving Bank was opened
independence. – Philippine National Bank established in
– Filipinization peaked during the 1906
administration of (t. 1913-1921), when • Economic Problems
Governor-General Francis Burton – We sold our raw materials cheap and
Harrison made it his policy to place more bought expensive manufactured goods
administrative control in the hands of from America
Filipinos replacing American Officials and – Colonial Mentality became worse
employees with Filipinos – Labor and peasant unrest spread in the
1920’s and 1930’s
Economic Progress under America – The world depression hit the poor masses
• New Land Policy worst of all
– Friar lands were resold to Filipino farmers – American capitalists and businessmen
– Taft colonial administration bought these controlled the new companies
friar lands and resold to the Filipino
farmers Significant American Administrators
– Homestead Act in 1924 allowed any – Wesley Merritt – 1st American Military
Filipino to own up to 24 hectares of public Governor
land – Arthur MacArthur – last American
– All lands had to be registered and their Military Governor
owners got Torrens titles – William Howard Taft – 1st American Civil
• Agricultural Increase Governor
– 1902 the Bureau of Agriculture became – Frank Murphy – Last American Civil
the first government agency in the new Governor/ 1ST High Commissioner
American Colony – Paul V. McNutt - last High
– 1903 the American Congress sent a $3 Commissioner
million emergency fund to support rice
and carabaos from other Asian countries Our American Heritage
– Modern farm tools from US were • Religious Freedom
introduced – Filipinos became free to choose their own
• Free Trade with America religion

– American Influences: Methodists, – Women’s Rights
Baptists, Episcopalian, Pentecostals, etc. – Women enjoyed greater rights
– Filipinized Catholicism: Isabelo delos (September 17, 1937)
Reyes and Gregorio Aglipay – Philippine – They were free to work in an office, study
Independent Church (Alipayananism) with men in co-ed schools and date
– Felix Manalo of Iglesia ni Cristo (1914) without chaperones
• Free Education – First Asian women vote and hold public
– All children could study in schools office were the Filipinas in 1937
– The brightest children from poor families • Recreations
could go as far as university – Basketball, baseball, football, volleyball,
– First American Teachers are soldiers calisthenics, boxing, billiards, poker,
– 1901, the first batch of professional bowling, tennis and badminton
teachers came from the US onboard the • Movies and Entertainment
US Army Ship Thomas - Thomasites – First Movie house Cine Rizal (1903) at
• Better Health Tondo, Manila
– Filipinos enjoyed better health and – Cine Ideal (Roces brothers) in 1903
hygiene – First local film “La Vida de Dr. Rizal” by
– Death rate fell/ Americans introduced the Edward Meyer Gross
use of the flush toilet – Zarzuela and Mor-moro replaced by
• English Language Vodavil/ vaudeville
– Filipinos learned the English Language • Music and Dance
– English became the official language of – American Jazz
the government and business – Boogie-woogie
– Filipinos adopted the names like John, – Fox trot
Bobby, Mary, Lily, Rosie, Mark • Houses
– New Filipino writers mastered the English – Small apartments
Language: Carlos P. Romulo – won the – New bungalows, chalets, two story
Pulitzer Prize for Journalism 1942 concrete houses and earthquake proof
• Free Press building were built
– 1930’s the Philippines had fastest press • Arts
in Asia – Guillermo Tolentino
– Filipino journalists championed • Freedom Theater and Literature
independence and reported freely about – Tagalog zarzuelas became popular like
the government Tanikalang Ginto of Juan Abad and
– Manuel L. Quezon founded The Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas by Aurelio
Philippine Herald (1920) Tolentino
– Ramon Roces founded the “The Graphic” – “Bayan ko” also popular
– Sergio Osmeña – Nuevo Diaz in Cebu – Amado V. Hernandez
(1900) – Lope K. Santos Banaag at Sikat (1935)
– Rafael Palma and Teodoro Kalaw – El
Renacimiento The Commonwealth of the Philippines
– Alejandro Roces, Sr. - La Vanguardia • Peasant Revolts and the Communist Party
• Diet and Dress – There were peasant revolt in Nueva Ecija,
– Cornflakes, oat meal, ham, egg Ili-ilo, Negro Occidental, Pangasinan,
sandwiches, hamburgers, hot dogs, pan Laguna and Bulacan
americano, tomato catsup, mayonnaise, – Sakdalista lead by Benigno Ramos – May
beefsteak, apple pie, ice cream and 02, 1935
chewing gum – All revolt failed
– Men worn trousers with belt and – The Communist Party of the Philippines
suspenders, polo shirts and tennis shoes (CPP) was founded in Manila by Crisanto
– Women dressed in fancy hats, shirt and Evangelista on August 26, 1930
blouse, high heeled shoes, silk stockings • Political Campaign for Independence
and make-up • Jones Law
• Democratic Family and Social Classes – also known as the Jones Act,
– Old customs of addressing elders with the Philippine Autonomy Act, and
“po”, “opo”, “ate”, “kuya” or kissing the the Act of Congress of August 29, 1916
hands of parents and elders (mano po) – – Jones Law (1916) granted independence
were gone as soon as a stable government be
– Uses “hi” in greetings establish therein
– Filipinos celebrating holidays like 4th of – was an Organic Act passed by the United
July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, States Congress.
Halloween, and Valentines Day
– The law replaced the Philippine Organic – Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña
Act of 1902 and acted as a constitution elected as President and Vice-President
of the Philippines from its enactment respectively
until 1934
– With 3 branches of Government, Bill of Manuel Luis Molina Quezon
Rights and Council of State (Wilson • Contributions and Achievements
Admin) – first Senate president elected as
• Hare-Haws-Cutting Law (1932) President of the Philippines
– 1932 American Congress passed the – first president elected through a national
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law (HHC) election
– It was the first Philippine Independence – first president under the Commonwealth
Law passed by the United States (thru – he created National Council of Education
the initiative of Os-Rox Mission) – he initiated women’s suffrage in the
– The law promised Philippine Philippines during the Commonwealth
independence after 10 years, but – he made Tagalog / Filipino as the national
reserved several military and naval bases language of the Philippines
for the United States, as well as imposed – he appears on the twenty-peso bill
tariffs and quotas on Philippine imports. – a province, a city, a bridge and a
– It was rejected by Philippine Legislature university in Manila were named after him
on October 17, 1933 – his body lies within the special monument
– Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act was authored on Quezon Memorial Circle
by South Carolina Representative Butler Sergio Suico Osmeña
Hare, Missouri Senator Harry Bartow • Contributions and Achievements
Hawes and New Mexico Senator Bronson – he was 65 when he became president–
M. Cutting. making him the oldest president to hold
• Tydings-McDuffie Law (1934) signed by FD office
Roosevelt with revision from Hare-Hawes-Cutting – he was the first Visayan to become
Law president
– is a United States federal law that – he joined US Gen. Douglas McArthur in
established the process for the Leyte on October 20, 1944 starting the
Philippines, then an American colony, to freedom of the Philippines from the
become an independent country after a Japanese during World War II
ten-year transition period. – during his time, the Philippine National
– Authored by: Senator Millard Tydings Bank has been rehabilitated and the
and Representative John McDuffie country joined the International Monetary
– Retention naval reservation and fueling Fund
stations – on his time, the Bell Trade Act was
– Drafting a new constitution approved by the US Congress
– Sergio Osmena appears on the 50 peso
• The 1935 Philippine Constitution bill
– July 10, 1934 202 delegates were elected – United Nations Charter President
to a constitutional convention Osmeña sent the Philippine delegation,
– Claro M. Recto as the President of the which was headed by Carlos P. Romulo,
Convention to the San Francisco gathering for the
– February 8, 1935 the new constitution promulgation of the Charter of the United
was approved by the majority of the Nations on 26 June 1945.
delegates
– March 23, 1935 Pres. FD Roosevelt Second World War and Japanese Occupation
signed the Philippine Constitution • Second World War was the war between the allied
– May 4, 1935 Filipino people ratified the nations (US, Britain, China, France and Union
constitution Soviet) and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy,
• The Commonwealth of the Philippines Japan)
– A semi-independent (autonomous) • It started in Europe when Adolf Hitler troops
government of Filipinos under American attacked on September 1, 1939
Colony • December 08, 1941 (Pacific Time) Japan made a
– September 17, 1935 first national election sneak attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United
under Commonwealth Government States
– Manuel L. Quezon, Emilio Aguinaldo and • Few hours later, Japanese fighter planes appeared
Bishop Gregorio Aglipay run for the in Philippine skies
presidency • They bombed Davao City, Tuguegarao, Baguio,
Iba, Tarlac, and Clark Air Field
• Manila and Nichols (Villamor Airbase) bombed

• Japanese troops landed in Aparri and Vigan in
Northern Luzon, at Legaspi in Bicol, Davao City in Second Philippine Republic
Mindanao and Lingayen in Tayabas Luzon – Jorge B. Vargas became the Chairman
• General Douglas MacArthur, the commander of of the Philippine Executive
US Armed Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), could Commission
not stop the Japanese invasion – January 23, 1942 the members of the
Executive Commission sent a letter to the
The Commonwealth in Exile Japanese Military promising to obey the
– President Roosevelt wired Pres. Quezon Japanese order for the sake of the
to escape to the United States Filipino people
– President Quezon, his family, and War – January 21, 1942 – Japanese Premier
Cabinet secretly left Corregidor by Hedeki Tojo came to the Philippines and
submarine on February 20, 1942 to announced the Philippine independence
October 3, 1944, the Commonwealth and said that Japan was the Liberator of
Government went in Exile at Washington, Asians
DC – He launched the “Greater East Asia Co-
– President Quezon died of illness on Prosperity Sphere”
August 1, 1944 and he was succeeded by – September 04, 1943 the new constitution
Vice President Osmeña was finished
• I Shall Return – October 14, 1943 the Second Philippine
– General Douglas MacArthur was also Republic was inaugurated and Jose P.
ordered to leave by Pres. Roosevelt Laurel as the President
– But when he landed in Australia on March • Propaganda War
17, 1942, MacArthur told to the world “I – Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong
shall return” Pilipinas (Kalibapi) agency of Japanese
• The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor propaganda
– Bataan: April 09, 1942 headed by Gen. – The only political party allowed during
Eduard P. King Japanese Occupation
– Corregidor: May 06, 1942 headed by • The Collaborators
Gen. Jonathan Wainwright – Most Filipinos had to collaborate with the
– Visayas and Mindanao: May 10, 1942 Japanese during the war
headed by Gen. William Sharp – Japanese controlled food, medicine and
• Death March other supplies
– One of the cruelest atrocities by the – Makapili – Makabayang Katipunan ng
Japanese mga Pilipino
– Some 62,000 Filipino soldiers and 11,000 • Guerilla Warfare
American troops were forced to March – Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon
from 7 to 11 days without food, water or (HukBaLaHap/ Huks) Headed by Luis
medicine Taruc
– They marched 120 kilometers from • Japanese Atrocities
Mariveles, Bataan to Camp O’Donnell – Deaths of Filipino Soldiers and Civilians:
in Capas, Tarlac 1,111,998
– Damage to property, goods and services:
Japanese Military Occupation USD 6,411,732,000
– January 2, 1942 to July 5, 1945 – Murder, torture and rape of civilians
– January 3, 1942- the Japanese Military – Looting, burning and destruction of
Administration was set up in Manila property
– Head by General Yoshihida Hayashi – Rape, sex slaves
and General Takazi Wachi – Cruel Kempeitai (Japanese Military
– Japanese declared Martial Law Police)
– Imposed curfew black-outs, rationing and • Liberation of the Philippines
censorship – October 20, 1944 the American liberation
– They punished Filipinos for any hostile forces landed in Palo, Leyte with 650
acts against Japanese soldiers ships and four army divisions
– One Japanese is equivalent to 10 – Gen. MacArthur retuned as he promised
Filipinos – New US Air Force fighter planes shot
– They banned the shortwave radio so down the Japanese kamikaze pilots
we could not hear news from abroad – The US Navy won the big battle of Leyte
– They circulated money with Japanese Gulf on October 23-26, 1944
script – February 1945 the Battle in Manila ended
– They called this as “Mickey Mouse and liberated the City on February 23,
Money” 1945
– July 05, 1945 General MacArthur • Parity Rights – exploitation of Philippine Natural
announced the liberation of the Resources by the Americans/ led to the
Philippines amendment of the 1935 Constitution
• End of the Second World War • Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933
– May 7, 1945 the war in Europe ended • Contributions and Achievements
– Germany surrendered to the Allied – was inaugurated as the new and first
Forces (V-E Day in Europe) president of the new Republic because
– August 06, 1945 the first atomic bomb the Philippines was finally free after the
was dropped at Hiroshima WW II
– August 09, 1945 another atomic bomb – in his time, the country has started
dropped in Nagasaki reconstruction from war damage and the
– Japanese surrendered on August 15, Philippines started breathing without
1945 foreign rule
– V-J Day – under his term, the Philippine
• Restoration of the Commonwealth Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade
– February 22, 1945 – President Osmeña Act laws were accepted by the congress
installed at Malacañan Palace after the – he is in the 100 peso bill
liberation of Manila
– Japanese Administrators Elpidio Rivera Quirino
– Masaharu Homma – 1st Japanese Military • Economic Development Corporation (EDCOR)
Governor – for the HukBaLaHap Rebels
– Tomoyoki Yamashita – Last Japanese • Reorganization of Arm Forces of the
Military Governor Philippines
• President’s Action Committee on Social
Jose Paciano Garcia Laurel, Sr. Amelioration (PACSA) – to mitigate the
• Contributions and Achievements sufferings of indigent families
• Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing
– he was considered as the legitimate
Administration (ACCFA) – to help the farmers
president of the Philippines
market their crops and save them from loan sharks
– he organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa
• Korean War – deployment of Philippine
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas).
Expeditionary Forces to Korea or PEFTOK
– he declared Martial Law in 1944 • Quirino Foster Agreement – help the Philippines
– he and his family developed the for five years
establishment of Lyceum of the • Minimum Wage Law (RA 602) Repealed by PD
Philippines 442 and Repealed again by RA 6727
• Judge Antonio Quirino – emissary of Quirino
Third Philippine Republic (1946-1972) Administration to have peace talk with Luis Taruc
• Rural Banks of the Philippines - to facilitate
• Problems of the New Republic credit utilities in rural areas.
– Reconstruction • Seven point program for social security, o wit:
– Poor Government and poor people – Unemployment insurance
– Peace and Order – Old-age insurance
– Moral and Spiritual decline – Accident and permanent disability
insurance
Manuel Acuña Roxas – Health insurance
• Philippine Rehabilitation Finance Corporation – – Maternity insurance
for building houses after the World War II
– State relief
• Creation to Central Bank of the Philippines – to
– Labor opportunity
help the system of banking in the Philippines and
• Social Security Commission - making Social
stabilize the Philippine Peso Dollar reserves
Welfare Commissioner Asuncion Perez chairman
• Republic Act No. 1946 or Tenancy Act – the
of the same
70/30 share and regulation of tenancy contacts
• Executive Order No. 355 - replaced National
• Amnesty Proclamation – for the Japanese
Land Settlement Administration with Land
Collaborators
Settlement Development Corporation
• Treaty of General Relations – to give all
(LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities
sovereignty power of the Philippines from United
of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment
States
Corporation and the Rice and Corn Production
• Military Base Agreement – with United States
Administration
• War Surplus Agreement - Military Assistance
• Integrity Board - to probe into reports of graft and
Agreement
corruption in high government places
• Bell Trade Act – Philippine Peso pegged to US
• Killing of former First Lady Aurora Quezon and
Dollar, system of Tariffs
her companions on April 28, 1949 by the Huks on
the Bongabong-Baler
• "Total Economic Mobilization Policy" failed to
give economic relief to the suffering nation Carlos Polistico Garcia
• Contributions and Achievements • RA 1700 – Outlawing the Communist Party of the
– under his term Hukbalahap movement Philippines
was active • Filipino First Policy
– he created Social Security Commission • Austerity Program
– he also created Integrity Board to monitor – tighten up its controls to prevent abuses
graft and corruption in the over shipment of exports under
– in 1948, Quezon City was the capital of license and in under-pricing as well.
the Philippines – more rigid enforcement of the existing
– peso and dollar exchange rate at his time regulations on barter shipments.
was 1 US = P2 – Government imports themselves were to
be restricted to essential items.
Ramon Del Fierro Magsaysay, Sr. – reduce rice imports to a minimum.
• Laurel – Langley Agreement (1955-1974) – – An overhauling of the local transportation
replaced Bell Trade Act, continuation of US system would be attempted so as to
authority to control exchange rate of peso , sugar reduce the importation of gasoline and
quota and tariffs spare parts.
• Presidential Complaints and Action Committee – tax system would be revised so as to
– hear the grievances of common people and give attain more equitable distribution of the
solution on it payment- burden and achieve more
• National Resettlement and Rehabilitation effective collection from those with ability
Administration – to make the land distributes as to pay
soon as possible • Bohlen-Serrano Agreement – shorten from 99
• Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing years to 25 years renewable every five years
Administration (ACCFA) – to help farmers (military base agreement of Philippines and United
• Farmers Cooperative Marketing Association States)
(FaCoMA) - to buy equipment for farmers • Contributions and Achievements
• RA 1400 – (Land Reform Act of 1955) – Created – he was known for “Filipino First Policy”
the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was – he established the Austerity Program
responsible for the acquisition and distribution of focusing on Filipino trade and commerce
large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 – was known as the “Prince of Visayan
hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for Poets” and the “bard from Bohol”
corporations. RA 821 – ACCFA – cultural arts was revived during his term
• Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy – was the first president to have his
Act of 1954) – governed the relationship between remains buried at the Libingan ng mga
landowners and tenant farmers by organizing Bayani
share-tenancy and leasehold system
• Reparations agreement - the reservations made Diosdado Pangan Macapagal, Sr.
by Ambassador Romulo, on the Philippines behalf, • Republic Act No. 3512 – An Act Creating A
upon signing the Japanese Peace Treaty in San Fisheries Commission Defining Its Powers, Duties
Francisco on September 8, 1951, for several years and Functions, and Appropriating Funds Therefor
of series of negotiations were conducted by the • Republic Act No. 3518 – An Act Creating The
Philippine government and that of Japan Philippine Veterans Bank, and For Other Purposes
• Contributions and Achievements • Republic Act No. 3844 – An Act To Ordain The
– was a chairman of the Committee on Agricultural Land Reform Code and To Institute
Guerilla Affairs Land Reforms In The Philippines, Including The
– was the first president sworn into office Abolition of Tenancy and The Channeling of
wearing Barong Tagalog in his Capital Into Industry, Provide For The Necessary
inauguration Implementing Agencies, Appropriate Funds
– his presidency was referred as the Therefor and For Other Purposes
Philippines’ Golden Years for it was the • Republic Act No. 4166 – An Act Changing The
cleanest and zero-corruption Date Of Philippine Independence Day
– the Philippines was ranked 2nd in Asia’s • Republic Act No. 4180 – An Act Amending
clean and well-governed countries Republic Act Numbered Six Hundred Two,
– Operation Thunder Lightning – Otherwise Known As The Minimum Wage Law, By
surrender of Luis Taruc by Ninoy Aquino Raising The Minimum Wage For Certain Workers,
– Benigno Aquino, Jr. was appointed by And For Other Purposes.
President Ramón Magsaysay to act as • Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated
personal emissary to Luís Taruc, leader Development Program – it could be seen that it
of the Hukbalahap, a rebel group. aimed at the following objectives.
– SEATO was formed on September 8-10, – immediate restoration of economic
1954 to fight communism stability;
– alleviating the plight of the common man; – he signed the Minimum Wage Law
– And establishing a dynamic basic for – he signed the creation of the Philippine
future growth. Veteran’s Bank
• Sabah Claim- On September 12, 1962, the
territory of North Borneo, and the full sovereignty, Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. (1965-1986)
title and dominion over the territory were ceded by • Green Revolution
Sultan of Sulu, HM Sultan Muhammad Esmail E. – Production of rice was increased through
Kiram I, to the Republic of the Philippines. promoting the cultivation of IR-8 hybrid
• The cession effectively gave the Philippine rice. In 1968 the Philippines became self-
government the full authority to pursue their claim sufficient in rice, the first time in history
in international courts. since the American period. It also
• The Philippines broke diplomatic relations with exported rice worth US$7 million.
Malaysia after the federation had included Sabah • Blue Revolution
in 1963. – Marine species like prawn, mullet,
• It was revoked in 1989 because succeeding milkfish, and golden tilapia were being
Philippine administrations have placed the claim in produced and distributed to farmers at a
the back burner in the interest of pursuing cordial minimum cost. Today, milkfish and
economic and security relations with Kuala prawns contribute substantially to foreign
Lumpur. exchange income.
• To date, Malaysia continues to consistently reject • Liberalized Credit
Philippine calls to resolve the matter of Sabahs – More than one thousand rural banks
jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice. spread all over the country resulting to
• Maphilindo - was described as a regional the accessibility of credit to finance
association that would approach issues of purchase of agricultural inputs, hired
common concern in the spirit of consensus. labor, and harvesting expenses at very
• However, it was also perceived as a tactic on the low interest rate. During 1981-1985,
parts of Jakarta and Manila to delay, or even credit was available without interest and
prevent, the formation of the Federation of collateral arrangements. Some of the
Malaysia. credit programs were the ff:
• Manila had its own claim to Sabah (formerly British – 1. Biyayang Dagat (credit support for
North Borneo), and Jakarta protested the fishermen)
formation of Malaysia as a British imperialist plot. – 2. Bakahang Barangay –supported
• Vietnam War - Before the end of his term in 1965, fattening of 40,000 head of cattle in
President Diosdado Macapagal persuaded farmer backyards
Congress to send troops to South Vietnam. – 3. Masaganang Maisan, Maisagana,
However this proposal was blocked by the and Expanded Yellow Corn Program –
opposition led by Senate President Ferdinand supported 1.4 Million farmers through
Marcos who deserted Macapagal’s Liberal Party P4.7 Billion loans from 1975-1985
and defected to the Nacionalista Party – 4. Gulayan sa Kalusugan and Pagkain
ng Bayan Programs –provided grants
Controversies and loans of P12.4 Million to encourage
• Stonehill Controversy backyard and communal production of
• Harry Stonehill, an American expatriate with a $50- vegetables and improve nutrition of
million business empire in the Philippines. Filipino households
• Macapagal's Secretary of Justice, Jose W.
– 5. Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran
Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges of tax
(KKK)—supported 25,000
evasion, smuggling, misdeclaration of imports, and
entrepreneurial projects through P1.8
corruption of public officials.
Billion and helping 500,000 beneficiaries
• Diokno's investigation revealed Stonehill's ties to
• Decontrol Program
corruption within the government.
– Price control polices were implemented
• Macapagal, however, prevented Diokno from
on rice and corn to provide greater
prosecuting Stonehill by deporting the American
incentive to farmers to produce more.
instead, then dismissing Diokno from the cabinet.
• Diokno questioned Macapagal's actions, saying, – Deregulation of trading in commodities
"How can the government now prosecute the like sugar and coconut and agricultural
corrupted when it has allowed the corrupter to go?" inputs like fertilizer were done for more
efficient marketing and trading
• Contributions and Achievements arrangements.
• Education Reform
– he established the first Land Reform Law
– Access to free education widened during
– he placed the Philippines currency –
the Marcos Administration. The biggest
peso, on the currency exchange market
portion of the budget was allotted for
– he made June 12 1898 as the Philippines’
Educational Programs (P58.7 Billion in 20
Independence Day
years). The literacy rate climbed from
72% in 1965 to 93% in 1985 and almost – In addition, nationwide telecommunication
100% in Metro Manila on the same year. systems—telephone systems, telex
• Agrarian Reform exchange too centers, and interprovincial
– Tenant’s Emancipation Act of 1972 or PD toll stations were also built.
27 was implemented without bloodshed. • Political Reform
1.2 million farmers benefited, either they – The structure of government established
became the owner or leaseholder in more by President Marcos remains
than 1.3 million hectares of rice and corn substantially the same except the change
lands. of name, inclusive of superficial features
• Primary Health Care in laws, to give a semblance of change
– made medical care accessible to millions from that of President Marcos regime.
of Filipinos in the remotest barrios of the • Fiscal Reform
country. – Government finances were stabilized by
• Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and higher revenue collections and loans from
Services (BLISS) treasury bonds, foreign lending
– Housing project had expanded the institutions and foreign governments.
government’s housing program for the • Peace and Order
low-income group. Housing were – In 1966, more than 100 important
conceptualized by a series of legal smugglers were arrested; in three years
issuances from the funding, the lending, 1966-68 they arrested a total of 5,000.
mortgaging and to the collection of the Military men involved in smuggling were
loans. These are governed by the Home forced to retire.
Mutual Development Fund (Pag-Ibig – Peace and order significantly improved in
Fund), the Housing and Land Use most provinces however situations in
Regulatory Board (HLURB) and the Manila and some provinces continued to
National Home Mortgage Finance which deteriorate until the imposition of martial
remain intact up to the present law in 1972.
• Energy Self-Reliance • Decentralization Act – Philippine Regionalization,
– Indigenous energy sources were Divided the Philippines into 13 regions
developed like hydro, geothermal,
dendrothermal, coal, biogas and biomass. Controversies
– The country became the first in Asia to • Jabidah massacre was the killing of Moro soldiers
use dendrothermal and in five years we by members of the Armed Forces of the
became number two, next to US, in Philippines (AFP) on 18 March 1968.[3] It is also
geothermal utilization. known as the Corregidor massacre as the killing
– The extensive energy resource research took place on Corregidor Island in the Philippines.
and exploration and development • The training of Moro is to bring back the Sabah to
resulted to reduction of oil imports from the Republic of the Philippines.
100% in 1965 to 40% in 1985 • Background: The Philippine government however
• Export Development protested this, claiming the eastern part of Sabah
– During 1985 textile and textile products had never been sold to foreign interests, and that it
like garments and embroideries, furniture had only been "leased" (padjak) by the Sulu
and rattan products, marine products like Sultanate, and therefore remained the property of
prawns and milkfish, raw silk, shoes, the Sultan, and by extension, the property
dehydrated and fresh fruits were exported of Republic of the Philippines.
• Labor Reform • Dovie Beams Scandal
– The Labor code was promulgated which • In 1970, a huge scandal hit the Philippines over
expanded the concerns of the Magna the stormy break-up between then
Carta of Labor to extend greater President Ferdinand Marcos and his mistress of
protection to labor, promote employment, two years, Hollywood starlet Dovie Beams.
and human resource development. • On many occasions, she had hidden a tape
– The minimum wages of the workers were recorder under a bed while making love to the
boosted through the guaranteed 13th president.
month pay and cost of living allowances. • Beams had arrived in the Philippines in 1968 to
• Unprecedented Infrastructure Growth shoot the film Maharlika, a movie partially funded
– The country’s road network had improved by Marcos and meant to glorify his alleged war
from 55,778 kilometers in 1965 to 77,950 exploits, in which she played opposite Paul
in five years (1970), and eventually Burke as the movie's Marcos lover.
reached 161,000 kilometers in 1985. • Before leaving the country, Beams held a press
– Construction of irrigation facilities was conference, and delighted the press and public by
also done that made 1.5 million hectares playing erotic recordings of herself with Marcos.
of land irrigated and increased the According to her, she was forced to publicize her
farmer’s harvest and income.
"love affair" as "protection" since there were many Marcos Dictatorship
threats to her life. • Marcos became a dictator for 14 years (1972-
• Rolex 12 1984)
• Rolex 12 is the collective name of twelve of the • September 21, 1972 – Martial Law was declared
closest and most powerful advisers of (Proclamation 1081)
President Ferdinand Marcos during the martial law • September 23, 1972 – Marcos announced the
years. declaration of Martial Law via Nationwide
• Marcos conspired with various leaders of the television and radio broadcast in the evening
military and Philippine Constabulary • 1973 Constitution – November 30, 1972 –
• . The goal was for Marcos to gain full authoritarian finished and signed the new constitution by the
control of the country during his declaration of delegates (Former President Carlos P. Garcia as
martial law in 1972. President)
• Marcos gave the military leadership powers during • January 17, 1973 – President Marcos signed the
martial law, taking over from democratically New Constitution
elected officials and court judges. • 1973 Constitution – amended 22 times during the
• The twelve were responsible for many human Marcos dictatorship (1973, 1976, 1981, 1984)
rights atrocities, although the extent of their
responsibility is still being investigated. These Death of Democracy
atrocities include torture, murder, seizures of – Arrest and detention of Marcos
property, displacement from homes, and arrest Opponents and protesters against the
and detention without due process. government (Sen. Benigno Aquino, Jr.,
• The origin of the name Rolex 12 came from a Jose Diokno and Ramon Mitra)
widespread story and some sources that each – Closing down of all newspapers, radio
associate received a Rolex watch from Marcos and television stations and printing
himself, although this remains unverified. presses
• Coco Levy Fund Scam – Government control of all public utilities
• a controversy in the 1970s and 80's in and important industries
the Philippines involving the – Travel Ban abroad
former President Ferdinand Marcos and – Ban on public meetings, student
his cronies. demonstrations and labor strikes
• Promising them the development of the coconut – Ban on private weapons
industry and a share of the investments, but on the – Torture and murder of political prisoners
contrary were used for personal profit particularly • Government Reorganization
in the purchase of United Coconut Planters
– Marcos replaced Congress with several
Bank (UCPB) and majority stake in San Miguel
lawmaking bodies
Corporation (SMC).
– 1984 he organized the Batasang
• The issue is still ongoing up to this day, with
Pambansa
coconut farmers fighting for justice against the
forced taxation, and a share of the Coco Levy – Marcos also changed the local
Funds' investments. government (old barrios now called
• The recent Supreme Court decision awarding P85 barangays)
million in coconut levy funds is the latest turn in the – The country was divided unto 13
40-year struggle to bring to poor coconut farmers administrative regions
the benefits of the Marcos-era levies gouged from – Marcos became the President and Prime
them. Minister of the country
– Motto: Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa (One
• Contributions and Achievements Nation, One Spirit)
– he was the first president to win a second – Cesar Virata appointed as Prime Minister
term – Marcos has its absolute power
– he declared Martial Law on Sept. 23, • Strong Military Power
1972 – Marcos created special military courts
– he increased the size of Philippine – Major General Fabian C. Ver headed the
military and armed forces National Intelligence and Security Agency
– in 1980, GNP was 4 times greater than – Military got the biggest share in
1972 government budget
– in 1986, the Philippines was one of the • Fourth Republic
most indebted countries in Asia – January 17, 1981 – ended the Martial
– he built more schools, roads, bridges, Law
hospitals and infrastructures than all – Pope John Paul II visited the Philippines
former presidents did combined – June 16, 1981 – first Presidential election
– is the only president whose remains after Martial Law
interred inside a refrigerated crypt – June 30, 1981 – inauguration of the
Fourth Philippine Republic
– Kilusang Bagong Lipunan – as official new constitution (Cecilia Muñoz Palma
Political Party as President)
• Aquino Assassination – February 2, 1987- the people voted yes
– August 21, 1983 – a China airlines jet for the adoption of constitution
brought back Sen. Benigno Aquino to – May 11, 1987 -new senators and
Manila International Airport congressmen were elected to the new
– Shot by a military assassin as he got Congress
down the plane – Local Government - was also retuned
– Sen. Ninoy Aquino used Marcial to democracy
Bonifacio name in his passport. – January 18, 1988- the people voted for
new governors, mayors and councilors
People Power Revolution – March 28, 1989 - the new barangay
• Snap Elections official were also elected
– February 7, 1986 – Marcos farce to call
Snap Election Fifth Philippine Republic
– Marcos declared as winner according to (1986-present)
Commission on Elections
– According to NAMFREL (National Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino (1986-1992)
Movement for Free Elections) Aquino • The return of Democracy, freedom and justice in
won the Philippines
• People Power Revolution • Partial recovery of the big sums of money stolen
– February 22- 25, 1986 the Filipino People by Marcos and some members of his family
united in a peaceful, prayerful and • Stability of the government despite six
successful revolution to bring back successive military coups led by loyalists forces of
democracy in the Philippines Marcos, reformist soldiers of Col. Gregorio
– Started at Camp Aguinaldo, EDSA on Honasan and separatist Mindanao hero Col.
Saturday February 22, 1986 Alexander Noble
– With Defense Secretary Juan Ponce • Easier credit terms and better conditions of
Enrile and Deputy Chief of Staff Fidel V. repayment
Ramos called press conference to • Push back the communist New People’s Army
announce they they no longer support rebels and arrest the top communist leaders
President Marcos • Passed the best agrarian reform
– Cardinal Jaime Sin, Mrs. Aquino, Agapito • Improved the image of the Philippines abroad
“Butz” Aquino and other inspired • Mobilized national and international aid for the
volunteers to protect the rebels in Camp victims of various calamities
Auinaldo • Family Code of 1987 and 1991 Local Government
– The Appeal also went over Radio Veritas Code
and a secret radio station with June • Contributions and Achievements
Keithley. – was named “Woman of the Year” in 1986
– By the morning of Sunday, February 23, by Time magazine
tens of thousands of eople men, women, – first woman president of the Philippines
and children formed a human barricades and Asia
along EDSA and nearby streets – she abolished 1973 Marcos Constitution
– During the next 2 days more and more brought the new Constitution of the
soldiers sided with the people Philippines
– Millions of people, rich and poor alike, – she reorganized the structure of the
went to the barricades executive branch of government
– President Marcos was finished. One the – she always initiated charitable and social
night of Tuesday, February 25, he and his activities helping the poor and the needy
family and some friends left the country to
Hawaii in a US Air Force jet Fidel Valdez Ramos (1992-1998)
• Republic Act 7638 (Charter of the
The Aquino Government Department of Energy)
– February 25, 1986 – Corazon Aquino – This act was signed and implemented so
took her oath of office a the New that the department of energy would be
President of the republic at Club Filipino, created.
Greenhills, Metro Manila • Republic Act 7648 (Electric Power Crisis)
– March 25, 1985 – she proclaimed a – This act prescribes the measures that are
temporary “Freedom Constitution” necessary and proper to effectively
– She appointed delegates to a new address the electric power crisis in our
constitutional Commission to make the country.
• First RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement

– The effect of this agreement is that it – The measure grants a host of incentives
allows the government of the United to multinational firms establishing their
States to keep the authority over their regional hubs in the country.
military personnel that are accused of • Retail Trade Liberalization Act (Republic Act
committing crimes in the Philippines. No. 8762)
• Republic Act 7832 (Anti-electricity and – This law dismantles 40 years of state
Electric Transmission Lines/Materials protectionism over the country’s retail
Pilferage Act) trade industry and opens the sector to big
– This act penalizes theft and pilferage of foreign players.
electric lines and materials. • New General Banking Act (Republic Act No.
• Republic Act 8179 8791)
– This act further allows foreign – The measure opens up the local banking
investments. It supports Republic Act industry to foreign players after almost 50
7042, which promotes foreign years of having it exclusively reserved
investments and prescribes the and protected for Filipino nationals. With
procedures and actions foreign investors the industry’s liberalization, at least 10
have to do when registering for a foreign banks have already established
business in the Philippines. their presence in the Philippines.
• Deregulation and Privatization of Major • Agrarian Reform
Industries – widened the coverage of the
• Protection of Migrant Workers (Republic Act Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
8042) Program (CARP) to the landless
– which is also known as the Migrant peasants in the country side. The latter’s
Workers Act. administration distributed more than
– This act protects Filipino workers abroad. 266,000 hectares of land to 175,000
• Philippines 2000 landless farmers, including land owned by
– Peace and Stability the traditional rural elite.
– Economic Growth and Development • Anti-Crime Task Forces
– Energy and Power Generation – In 1998, by virtue of Executive Order
– Environmental Protection No.8, President Estrada created the
– Streamlined Bureaucracy Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task
– Agrarian Reform Program Force (PAOCTF) with the objective of
– Restatement of the Death Penalty minimizing, if not totally eradicating, car
• Contributions and Achievements theft and worsening kidnapping cases in
the country.
– during his time, the Philippines was cited
• Death Penalty
as Asia’s Next Economic Tiger because
he brought back economic growth – The death penalty law in the Philippines
was re-enforced during the incumbency
– the Philippines celebrated Centennial
of Estrada’s predecessor, Fidel Ramos.
Independence in 1998
This law provided the use of the electric
– he’s the only Filipino who received British
chair until the gas chamber (method
Knighthood from the United Kingdom,
chosen by government to replace
bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight
electrocution) could be installed. The
Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael
Estrada administration peddled the death
and St. George)
penalty as the antidote to crime.
– he led the 4th APEC Summit held in the • Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic
Philippines Act No. 8792)
– his “Philippines 2000” vision made the – Outlaws computer hacking and provides
Philippine Stock Exchange one of the opportunities for new businesses
best in the world in the mid-90s emerging from the Internet-driven New
– Death Penalty was reinstated at his time Economy.
– he signed peace talks and agreement • New Securities Act (Republic Act No. 8799)
with the MNLF – This law liberalizes the securities market
by shifting policy from merit regulation to
Joseph Marcelo Ejercito Estrada (1998-2001) full disclosure. With its strengthened
• Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic provisions against fraud, the measure is
Act No. 8749) expected to pave the way for the full
– Designed to protect and preserve the development of the Philippine equities
environment and ensure the sustainable and securities market.
development of its natural resources. • Charter Change
• Incentives for Regional Headquarters of – Under President Joseph Estrada, there
Foreign Multinationals (Republic Act No. 8756) was a similar attempt to change the 1987
constitution. The process is termed as
CONCORD or Constitutional Correction – easing the textbook backlog;
for Development. – constructing more school buildings;
– Only amend the ‘restrictive’ economic – restoring English as medium of
provisions of the constitution that is instruction; implementing the Basic
considered as impeding the entry of more Education Curriculum or BEC ;
foreign investments in the Philippines. – improving teacher welfare;
• RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement – sparing public school teachers from the
– On 1999 a Visiting Forces Agreement “vagaries of politics”;
with the United States, which was ratified – mainstreaming distance learning;
in the Senate. – and launching the internet-based
– The first Visiting Forces Agreement was education program.
actually signed under President Ramos in • The National SME Development Agenda
1998, and the second was subsequently – small and medium enterprises through
signed under President Estrada. her national SME Development Agenda,
– The primary effect of the Agreement is to believing that they are a vital engine of
require the U.S. government the Philippine economy.
– (1) to notify RP authorities when it • Housing
becomes aware of the apprehension, – sustainable housing financing, the private
arrest or detention of any RP personnel sector, especially the banks, is called to
visiting the U.S. and participate in the housing market.
– (2) when so requested by the RP – provide security of tenure for the informal
government, to ask the appropriate sector, consisting of poor and low
authorities to waive jurisdiction in favor of salaried workers from government and
RP, except cases of special interest to the private sector.
the U.S. departments of State or Defense • Election Modernization
• Contributions and Achievements – On May 10, 2004, the Philippines will hold
– during his time, the MILF’s headquarters its first elections using modern counting
and camps were captured and canvassing methods.
– he joined other leaders and politicians • Land Distribution
who supported against the Charter – accelerated land distribution and delivery
Change of support services to the farmer-
– was cited as one of the Three beneficiaries.
Outstanding Senators in 1989 – The same shall apply to the distribution of
– was among the “Magnificent 12” who public lands.
voted for the termination of the • The Mindanao National Initiative or “Mindanao
Philippines and US Military Bases Natin”
Agreement from Clark Airbase and Subic – is the sound strategy for peace and
Naval Base development in Mindanao that is being
implemented across many areas of action
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010) from security to infrastructure to
• RoRo (roll-on, roll-off) network of ships and education to economic growth to poverty
barges that link the highly fragmented islands of reduction to law enforcement.
the Philippines – aims to mobilize the local governments,
• Job creation Arroyo has always had a mantra of civil society and the business community
creating one million jobs for Filipinos. in the blueprint for development for
• Amnesty proclamation Muslim Mindanao
– On September 5, 2007 - signed Amnesty • Presyong Tama, Gamot Pampamilya
Proclamation 1377 for members of the – The Presyong Tama, Gamot Pampamilya
Communist Party of the Philippines and is the government's concrete response to
its armed wing, the New Peoples Army; address the heavy burden of high
other communist rebel groups; and their medicine prices on the Filipino
umbrella organization, the National consumers.
Democratic Front. • KALAHI
• US-led coalition against global terrorism in the – The Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan
aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, and (KALAHI) program is an anti- poverty
remains one of its closest allies in the war on terror initiative
• Philippines-Japan Trade Deal -August 21, 2007 – The project will assist the government in
• Council of Women World Leaders strengthening the capability of local
– an International network of current and government units (LGUs) to design,
former women presidents and prime implement, and manage development
ministers whose mission is to mobilize the activities.
highest-level women leaders globally
• Education Reform
– Such activities may include basic • The official results of that election gave Arroyo
infrastructure like new or rehabilitated and Noli de Castro the presidency and vice-
roads and bridges, barangay schools and presidency, respectively.
clinics, and water supply and sanitation • The scandal and crisis began in June 2005 when
facilities. audio recordings of a phone call conversation
• E-Procurement between President Arroyo and then Election
– The Electronic Procurement System or Commissioner Virgilio Garcillano, allegedly talking
EPS is one initiative of government to about the rigging of the 2004 national election
reform and modernize government's results, were released to the public.
procurement services. • This escalated when the minority of the lower
– creation and operation of a central portal house of Congress attempted to impeach Arroyo.
for government procurement, bidding and This was blocked by Arroyo's coalition in
supplier information requirements, and September 2005 and no trial took place.
the increasing use of the portal among • Fertilizer Fund scam is a Philippine political
government agencies. controversy involving accusations that Agriculture
– The EPS is expected to achieve Undersecretary Jocelyn Bolante diverted P728
transparency in public procurement million in fertilizer funds to the 2004 election
activities. campaign of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
• National Health Insurance Program • Philippine National Broadband Network
– Philhealth is the government's priority controversy (also referred to as the NBN–ZTE
health program that aims to benefit the deal or NBN–ZTE) involved allegations
country's poor communities. of corruption in the awarding of a US$329 million
– A health insurance card holder and any construction contract
member of his family who gets sick can to Chinese telecommunications firm ZTE for the
go to a government hospital and present proposed government-managed National
the said card to avail of free medical Broadband Network (NBN).
services. • The contract with ZTE was signed on April 20,
• KABAYANIHAN 2007 in Hainan, China. Following the emergence
– The program is an integrated delivery of of irregularities, President Gloria Macapagal-
basic services to OFWs at worksites Arroyo cancelled the National Broadband Network
abroad and at home in the Philippines. project in October 2007. On July 14, 2008, the
Supreme Court dismissed all three petitions
– Under Kabayanihan, the OFWs will be
questioning the constitutionality of the national
able to avail themselves of the following
broadband deal, saying the petitions
services: Overseas Workers Welfare
became moot when the project was cancelled.
Administration On-Site Welfare Services
that would include expanded/voluntary
• Contributions and Achievements
membership.
– second female president of the country
– DOLE/OWWA/Philippine Overseas
Employment Administration Electronic – first and only female vice-president of the
Identification Card (E-Card) services. Philippines so far (to date)
– Health maintenance services through the – first president to had oath taking outside
OWWA Medicare program wherein the Luzon
OFW and members of the family will be – an ex-professor of Economics at the
entitled to benefits over and above those Ateneo de Manila University where
granted by PhilHealth. Noynoy Aquino was one of her students
• Expanded Value Added Tax (e-VAT) Law RA – an ex-classmate of former US president
9337 Bill Clinton at Georgetown University’s
• RA 9189 – Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003 Walsh School of Foreign Service where
• RA 9160 Money Laundering Law she maintained Dean’s list status
• RA 9225 Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition – she regained higher economic growth
Act than the past 3 presidents before her
• Proclamation 1017 State of National Emergency
9February 24, 2006 Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III (2010-2016)
• RA 9256 Ninoy Aquino Day • Executive Order No. 1- creating the Truth
• Proclamation 1946 Martial Law in Maguindanao Commission
– tasked to investigate various anomalies
Controversies and issues including graft and corruption
• Hello Garci Scandal allegations against the past
• The scandal involved former president Gloria administration
Macapagal-Arroyo, who allegedly rigged the 2004 – government officials and their
national election in her favor. accomplices in the private sector during
the last nine years
• Executive Order No. 2 - signed on July 30, 2010
– ordering the immediate removal of all – An Act creating the Province of Davao
midnight appointments made by the Occidental
previous administration for violating the • Republic Act No. 10351
60-day constitutional ban on presidential – An Act restructuring the excise tax on
appointments before a national election alcohol and tobacco products by
• Executive Order No. 3 - signed on July 30, 2010 amending Section 141 142, 143, 144,
– an executive order revoking Executive 145, 8, 131 and 288 of Republic Act No.
Order No. 883, signed by former Pres. 8424 otherwise known as The National
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on May 28, Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as
2010, that automatically amended by Republic Act No. 9334, and
promoted lawyers in government for other purposes..
executive service to the rank of Career • Republic Act No. 10175
Executive Service Officer III (CESO III) – An Act defining Cybercrime. providing for
• Executive Order No. 7 the prevention, investigation, suppression
– suspension of all allowances, bonuses and the imposition of penalties therefor
and incentives of board members of and for other purposes.
government-owned and-controlled • Republic Act No. 10173
corporations (GOCCs) and government – An Act protecting individual personal
financial institutions (GFIs) until information in information and
December 31, 2010 communications systems in the
• Executive Order No. 10 government and the private sector,
– declaring October 2, 2010 as the creating for this purpose a National
Nationwide Philhealth Registration Day Privacy Commission, and for other
(NPRD) purposes.
• Republic Act No. 10645 • Republic Act No. 10157
– Mandatory Philhealth Coverage for all – An Act institutionalizing the Kindergarten
Senior Citizens, amending for the education into Basic Education system
purpose Republic Act No. 7432, as and appropriating funds thereof
amended by Republic Act No. 9994, • Republic Act No. 10354
otherwise known as the “Expanded – The Responsible Parenthood and
Senior Citizens Act of 2010.” Reproductive Health Act of 2012
• Republic Act No. 10640 • Republic Act No. 10586
– strengthen the anti-drug campaign of the – Anti Drive-Drugged- Drunk Act of 2013
government, amending for the purpose • Contributions and Achievements
Section 21 of Republic Act No. 9165, – he created the no wang-wang policy and
otherwise known as the “Comprehensive this was practiced on his inaugural
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. address
• Republic Act No. 10639 – he assigned the notable Jesse Robredo
– An Act mandating the as the secretary of DILG in 2010.
telecommunications service providers to – he initiated the K-12 education in the
send free mobile alerts in the event of Philippines
natural and man-made disasters and – he renamed the Office of the Press
calamities. Secretary into Presidential
• Republic Act No. 10630 Communications Operations Office and
– An Act strengthening the Juvenile Justice appointed new officers
System in the Philippines, amending for – he signed an EO about suspension of
the purpose Republic Act No. 9344, allowances and bonuses of GOCCs and
otherwise known as the “Juvenile Justice GFIs board members
and Welfare Act of 2006” and – has paved peace in Mindanao thru the
appropriating funds therefor. Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement
• Republic Act No. 10627 – in 2012, the Philippine economy grew
– An Act requiring all elementary and 7.1% besting other South East Asian
secondary schools to adopt policies to countries
prevent and address the acts of bullying • Controversies in Aquino Administration
in their institutions. - Manila hostage crisis
• Republic Act No. 10533 - The administration’s first major debacle
– An Act enhancing the Philippine basic came just two months into Aquino's
education system by strengthening its presidency. In August 2010, eight Hong
curriculum and increasing the number of Kong tourists were killed by a disgruntled
years for basic education, appropriating former police officer Rolando Mendoza,
funds therefor and for other purposes. after a bungled rescue attempt
• Republic Act No. 10360 supervised by Aquino himself. The

incident also strained ties between the operation. Forty-four police commandos,
Philippines and Hong Kong. 18 Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
- PNoy’s Porsche fighters, and at least five civilians died
- Aquino’s popularity ratings continued to during an anti-terror mission in
slide in the following months, after reports Maguindanao. Aquino was primarily
came out that he had bought himself a blamed for letting his close pal, resigned
third-hand Porsche. After drawing flak for police chief Alan Purisima, play an active
supposedly violating his government’s role in the bungled mission despite his
austerity policy, the President eventually suspension over graft charges.
sold the German high-performance car.
- Corona impeachment Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016 – present)
- Although his ratings gradually recovered
in 2011, Aquino once again saw his • Philippine Development Plan (2017-2022)
ratings slowly decline during the first – AMBISYON NATIN 2040
months of 2012, during then Chief Justice – Laying a strong foundation for inclusive
Renato Corona’s impeachment trial. A growth
complaint, backed by the president’s – A high trust and resilient society
allies in the House of Representative, – A globally competitive economy
triggered the impeachment. After Corona • “matatag, maginhawa at panatag na buhay”
was convicted, Aquino’s ratings once • Structured along the pillars of;
again recovered dramatically. – Malasakit (enhacing the social fabric)
- Yolanda aftermath – Pagbabago (inequality-reducing
- In November 2013, Typhoon Yolanda— transformation)
the strongest cyclone to ever hit land— – Patuloy na Pag-unlad (increasing growth
cut a swath of devastation across the potential)
central Philippines and left 6,300 people
dead. The disaster also wreaked havoc 10 Point Socio-economic Agenda OF Duterte
on Aquino’s ratings, after his government Administration
was heavily criticized, even by
international news organizations, for • 1. Continue and maintain current macroeconomic
its slow response to the calamity. policies, including fiscal, monetary, and trade
- Pork Barrel Scam policies.
- The Aquino government also had to • 2. Institute progressive tax reform and more
weather major political storms. In July effective tax collection, indexing taxes to inflation.
2013, the pork barrel scam—perhaps the A tax reform package will be submitted to
biggest scandal involving public funds in Congress by September 2016.
recent years—was exposed, leading to • 3. Increase competitiveness and the ease of doing
the detention of three senators and business. This effort will draw upon successful
several other lawmakers on plunder and models used to attract business to local cities
graft cases. Aquino was initially reluctant (e.g., Davao) and pursue the relaxation of the
to abolish the graft-ridden priority Constitutional restrictions on foreign ownership,
development assistance fund, but except as regards land ownership, in order to
eventually ended up doing so. Still, his attract foreign direct investment.
ratings took a hit due to this scandal. • 4. Accelerate annual infrastructure spending to
- DAP controversy account for 5% of GDP, with Public-Private
A year later, another controversy Partnerships playing a key role.
involving government funds further • 5. Promote rural and value chain development
diminished Aquino’s popularity: the toward increasing agricultural and rural enterprise
disbursement acceleration program productivity and rural tourism.
(DAP). The administration was accused • 6. Ensure security of land tenure to encourage
of ilegally tapping government savings to investments, and address bottlenecks in land
fund senators' pet projects, allegedly in management and titling agencies.
exchange for a Corona conviction. The • 7. Invest in human capital development, including
president actively defended the DAP, health and education systems, and match skills
which he characterized as an economic and training to meet the demand of businesses
stimulus program. In the end, certain and the private sector.
aspects of the DAP were declared • 8. Promote science, technology, and the creative
unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. arts to enhance innovation and creative capacity
- Mamasapano encounter towards self-sustaining, inclusive development.
- With just over a year to go before he • 9. Improve social protection programs, including
relinquishes the presidency, President the government’s Conditional Cash Transfer
Aquino faced his biggest controversy: the program, to protect the poor against instability and
botched January 25 Mamasapano economic shocks.
• 10. Strengthen implementation of the Responsible • Meanwhile, a total of 14,406 drug surrenderers
Parenthood and Reproductive Health Law to have received livelihood and skills training from the
enable especially poor couples to make informed Technical Education and Skills Development
choices on financial and family planning. Authority (Tesda) as of September 2017.
• A report from the Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-
Controversies Illegal Drug said that 93 percent of barangays
• New Bilibid Prison drug trafficking scandal is a nationwide have already organized their Barangay
criminal investigation and political scandal Anti-Drug Abuse Council (Badac).
concerning allegations of government involvement
in illegal drug trade at the New Bilibid • Fight vs criminality
Prison in Muntinlupa. • The PNP said there was a decrease of 8.44
• The allegations were made by President Rodrigo percent in the total crime volume nationwide from
Duterte after announcing that the two top 493,912 reported crimes in October 2016 to
convicted drug lords in the country continued to 452,204 in October 2017.
run their drug rings from inside the national • It also noted the decrease in index crime at 20.56
penitentiary with former administration officials and percent.
their local government cohorts as co-conspirators. • The police added that there was also a decrease
• On August 25, 2016, Duterte released a drug in robbery incidents by 23.61 percent from 18,259
matrix showing the structure of drug trafficking in October 2016 to 13,948 in October 2017.
operations at the New Bilibid Prison and identified • Despite President Duterte’s unforgiving war on
the two former top officials of the Department of drugs, Malacañang said that the PNP continues its
Justice, the former provincial governor and board internal cleansing to rid the institution of abusive
member of Pangasinan, and the former Bureau of police.
Corrections director as being involved in the Bilibid • Citing data from the PNP, Malacañang said a total
narcotics trade. of 426 policemen have been recommended for
• Dengvaxia Controversy dismissal – 51 from July 2016 to December
• The Philippine Department of Health (DOH), on 2016, and 375 from January 2017 to December
late November 2017, temporarily suspended a 2017.
school-based dengue program after French drug • It also said that the two policemen involved in the
based vaccine maker Sanofi Pasteur made a death of 19-year old Carl Arnaiz were already
statement that its product poses higher risks to dismissed in November 2017.
people without prior dengue infection. • Two police generals – Chief Supt. Edgardo Tinio
• As a result, the Dengvaxia controversy, or and Chief Supt. Joel Pagdilao – were also
Dengvaxia mess, began to emerged following the dismissed from service on October 5, 2017 due to
reports of several children died from various drug-related charges.
complications allegedly attributed to the dengue • According to the Palace, the National Capital
vaccine. Region Police Office (NCRPO) has relieved 1,000
policemen of the Caloocan City Police Station in
Accomplishments (as of 2017) batches. They consequently underwent retraining
and reorientation at Camp Bagong Diwa in Taguig
• War on Drugs City
• In its controversial war against illegal drugs, • It added that more than 1,900 drug-related
Malacañang said that combined data from the investigations have been carried out against law
Philippine National Police (PNP), Philippine Drug enforcers from July 1, 2016 to June 15, 2017.
Enforcement Agency (PDEA), National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI), and the Bureau of Customs • Fighting corruption
(BOC), showed that 1,308,078 drug addicts have • The administration launched the Freedom of
surrendered to the government as of July 26, Information (FOI) program in the executive branch
2017; while authorities have arrested 118,287 on November 25, 2016 along with its online portal,
individuals as of November 27, 2017 during 79,193 eFOI.
anti-drug operations in the same period. • The FOI platform now has 217 participating
• Seized illegal substances worth P18.92 billion; and agencies.
that 4,747 barangays have been declared drug- • According to the government, it has already
free as of November 27, 2017. received 2,635 requests for information from the
• At least 3,967 drug personalities have died in the public.
government’s war on drugs as of November 27, • Also, the government launched its Citizens’
2017 while 16, 355 homicide cases are still under Complaint Hotline 8888 during the first few months
investigation, the joint data added. of the Duterte administration.
• From January to September 2017, data from the • Malacañang said 87 percent of the complaints had
Department of Health revealed that 16,103 drug been resolved while 27,000 of the 31,000
dependents were undergoing rehabilitation complaints have been referred to the concerned
program while 2,236 individuals have completed agencies as of June 30, 2017.
the agency’s drug rehabilitation program.

• In the yearend report, Malacañang urged Filipinos – Inter-agency Council on Traffic formed
to “help the current administration lay down the by Department of Transportation for more
foundation of a peaceful and prosperous streamlined system for addressing traffic.
Philippines that we all deserve.” The council includes Metro Manila
• “The Duterte administration has accomplished Development Authority, PNP-Highway
much in its first year in office in 2017. The Patrol Group, Land Transportation Office,
President’s decisive leadership, plus the strong and Land Transportation Franchising and
collaboration among various government Regulatory Board.
agencies, has resulted in the attainment of many – 401 colorum vehicles impounded
of the priorities set out by the national government – 6,883 illegally-parked vehicles towed
in the last twelve months,” the report stated. – 5,738 sidewalk vendors cleared
– Validity of driver’s license extended from
• Economy 3 years to 5 years
– 10-point Socio-economic Agenda of – Drivers licenses applied for from January
Duterte administration presented to to October 2016 can now be claimed in
international and local business groups, 36 LTO licensing offices in Metro Manila
foreign institutions and governments, and – No report of laglag-bala (bullet-planting
other stakeholders. scam) since start of Duterte
– Tax Reform for Acceleration and administration
Inclusion Act of Republic Act No. – Punctuality of take-off of airplanes (on-
10963 of 2017 is signed. It is meant to time performance) at the Ninoy Aquino
exempt most Filipinos from paying taxes International Airport (NAIA) improved
while collecting revenue from affluent to 78% from 47% due to strict
taxpayers and corporations. enforcement of rule that pilots must take
– 17 major projects approved by National off within 5 minutes or be put at the back
Economic Development Authority Board. of the line.
– Online streaming of closed-circuit – Fleet of 21 premium Mercedes Benz
television launched by Bureau of buses launched to bring passengers from
Customs (BOC) as measure against NAIA to Makati and Roxas Boulevard.
corruption. • Labor
– Smuggled goods seized by BOC, – 2,531 workers found to be under abusive
including smuggled rice, fuel, fake clothes end-of-contract system regularized after
and cigarettes. Department of Labor and Employment
• Reduction of red tape inspection of establishments, principals,
– 1,419 cities and municipalities (87% of and contractors.
total) streamlined processing of business – 3-day maximum processing time for
permits and licensing systems to involve Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA)
only one form, 5 required signatures, and applications implemented.
a maximum of 5 steps. – Signed the EO of prohibiting Endo
– Bureau of Internal Revenue begins (Contractualization)
simplification of the processing of tax • Fight vs terrorism
clearances and certificates authorizing – 597 major military
registration for real property and shares operations conducted against Abu
of stock to 3 to 5 days. Sayyaf Group by the Armed Forces of the
– Use of credit, debit, or prepaid payments Philippines (AFP).
cards and payment centers are added as – 94 ASG bandits killed, 21 surrendered,
options to encourage tax payment. 17 captured
• Care for Overseas Filipino Workers – ASG leaders Nelson Muktadil, Braun
– One-stop service center for Muktadil, and sub-leader Mohammad
OFWs opened at the Philippine Overseas Said among those killed during
Employment Agency (POEA) in operations.
Mandaluyong City. It has served 219,697 – 44 combat operations launched against
clients as of December 7, 2016. Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
– P455.1 million in emergency assistance and Maute Group by AFP.
extended to 10,233 OFWs displaced due – 50 BIFF or Maute Group
to drop in oil prices in the Middle East. Of personalities killed as a result of
these, 2,401 availed of the government’s operations.
repatriation program.
– 3 suspects of the September Davao City
– Overseas Employment Certificate no bombing arrested 32 days after incident.
longer a requirement for vacationing
– Agreement signed with Malaysia and
OFWs. Their exemption from travel tax
Indonesia to enhance military cooperation
and terminal fee also being eyed.
in addressing piracy, kidnap-for-ransom,
• Transportation
terrorism, transnational crimes in common • 2,865 common service facilities turned
maritime areas. over to farmers by DAR.
– Military personnel deployed for mobile • P1.9 billion worth of loans released to
check points, visibility patrols, and other 516 farmer organizations by DAR.
security-related activities in cities like • Color-coded Agri Map launched on
Davao, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, General December 1, 2016 by Department of
Santos, and Metro Manila in order to Agriculture (DA). Maps are supposed to
comply with declaration of a state of help the government and investors
national emergency on account of lawless determine what crops can best be grown
violence. in particular areas based on soil
• President Rodrigo R. Duterte signed this properties, elevation, water availability,
proclamation on May 23, 2017 placing the rainfall pattern, hazard risks, and climate
Mindanao Island under Martial Law for 60 days. change vulnerability.
• Proclamation 216 of 2017 – 10,632 beneficiaries receive 5,581 gill
• It was approved by the Congress and Supreme nets and 10,271 other fishing gear from
Court the DA - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
• And extended until December 31, 2018 Resources (BFAR).
• Foreign relations – 12,484 beneficiaries receive 53.15
• Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) million pieces of fingerlings, 3441,388
secured the release of 5 Filipino kilograms of seaweed propagules, and
seafarersamong crew of Omani ship 3,155 sets of seaweed farm implements
hijacked by Somali pirates. from BFAR.
• DFA helped drum up support for • Education
Philippines’ chairmanship of the – 600,000 out-of-school youths pass the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations in Accreditation and Equivalency Program,
2017. With help from DFA, President certifying them as eligible for either high
Rodrigo Duterte visited 8 ASEAN school or college, as part of the
countries. Alternative Learning System program of
• Duterte made visits to China and Japan. the Department of Education (DepEd).
• Duterte participated at the Asia-Pacific – Guidelines issued on utilization of funds
Economic Cooperation Leaders’ Meeting for the Madrasah Education Program by
in Peru. DepEd for public schools with Muslim
• Health students.
• First CT Scan in Maguindanao Provincial • Energy
Hospital in Shariff Aguak inaugurated by – 26,321 households connected to energy
Department of Health. supply by Department of Energy and
• Telecommunication private sector. Of this, 2,662 were
• Department of Information identified as priority for energization.
Communications Technology (DICT), – Philippine Energy Plan 2016-2030
National Telecommunications Update completed by DOE. The plan is
Commission, and telecom companies supposed to set the strategy for short,
agree to standardize voice call charges medium, and long-term goals for
between different networks to P2.50. electrification in the country.
• Law and order – Two major power plants begin
• 911 National Emergency Hotline commercial operation: 414-megawatt San
launched Gabriel natural gas power plant, and 97-
• Agriculture megawatt Avion natural gas power plant.
• The Presidential Agrarian Reform • Environment
Council, the highest policy- and decision- – 41 metallic mines audited by the
making body on land reform and land Department of Environment and Natural
disputes, is reconvened for the first time Resources (DENR) to ensure compliance
after 10 years. with responsible mining standards. Of
• The Department of Agrarian Reform these, 10 were suspended, 20 were
(DAR) distributes land ownership awards recommended for suspension, while 11
to 50 farmers in Cebu City, 35 farmers in were given the passing rate.
Sorsogon, 175 in Occidental Mindoro,
– DENR hotlines launched: #DENR or
and 300 in Bukidnon and Lanao del
#3367 for landline and 0917-868-DENR
Norte.
or 0917-885-DENR for mobile.
• 5,586 agrarian reform beneficiary
• Public works and highways
organizations are assisted by DAR.
– Hotline for citizens to report, ask, or
• A P40.7 million rubber processing plant
make suggestions about any Department
turned over in Banisilan, North Cotabato
of Public Works and Highways project
by DAR.

launched. Text hotline is 2920 while – 8888 Citizen Complaints Hotline
landline hotline is (02)165-02. launched.
• Weather
– 271 new weather stations installed by
Department of Science and Technology References:
(DOST).
– Zamboanga Doppler Weather Radar • Yaman ng Lahi (Binagong Edisyon) by Amelia
System installed by DOST Tuico & Edna Perez
• Social welfare • MET- LET Reviewer On Social Science by Rogelio
– P9.1 million worth of relief assistance I. Esperitu (2011)
given to victims of natural disasters. • Philippine History and Government (2002) by
– P135.3 million worth of emergency Gregorio and Sonia Zaide
shelter cash assistance provided to • Philippine History Module-Based Learning (2002)
27,052 households affected by Typhoon by Rebecca and Reena Ongsotto
Lawin. • Philippine History Revised Edition (2010) Teodoro
• Tourism Agoncillo
– Memorandum of Agreement for • Saint Louie Reviewer – Philippine History (April,
Philippines hosting of Miss Universe 2014)
pageantsigned by Department of • http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-
Tourism and Miss Universe Organization. the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-
– 11.65% increase in tourist arrivals as of Contributions Retrieved November 24, 2014
October 2016. • http://www.rappler.com/nation/157160-list-duterte-
• Trade and industry administration-accomplishments-2016
– 35.5% increase in investments registered • http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/528862/n
with the Philippine Board of Investments ews/nation/controversies-under-pnoy-loss-of-lives-
from January to November 2016 misuse-of-public-funds
compared to same period in 2015. • http://primer.com.ph/blog/2016/10/08/dutertes-first-
– Department of Trade and Industry, DILG, 100-days-drugs-corruption-economics-and-foreign-
DICT sign Joint Memorandum Circular policy/
shortening processing of business • http://www.rappler.com/nation/157160-list-duterte-
permits to a maximum of 3 days. administration-accomplishments-2016
• Peace process • http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/955307/president-
rodrigo-duterte-yearend-report-
– Executive Order creating Bangsamoro
accomplishment#ixzz5EpDrV2ue
Transition Commission signed.
• https://www.doh.gov.ph/node/6750
– 4 meetings held with Moro Islamic
Liberation Front.
– Suspension of warrant of arrest of Moro
National Liberation Front chairman Nur
Misuari for 6 months so he can participate
in peace talks.
– Peace talks with the National Democratic
Front
– Unilateral ceasefires of the military and
New People's Army
• Yolanda rehabilitation
– 49% or 3,965 out of 8,000 target Yolanda
families transferred to resettlement sites
in Tacloban.
• Transparency, anti-corruption
– Executive Order on Freedom of
Information (FOI) signed. (EO 2 series of
2016)
– Freedom of Information online portal
launched by Presidential
Communications Operations Office
with 312 requests as of December 22,
2016.
– 130 out of 185 (70%) of departments,
agencies, and government-owned and
controlled corporations create their own
FOI manuals.

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