Pure Substance When a fluid undergoes a reversible process, both the fluid and its

-A substance that is homogeneous in composition and homogeneous surroundings can always be restored to their original state.
and invariable in chemical aggregation. Closed System
Fluid A system whose mass does not cross its boundaries.
-A substance that exists, or is regarded as existing, as a continuum Zeroth Law
characterized by low resistance to flow and tendency to assume the shape of When two bodies, isolated from other environment are in thermal
its container. equilibrium with a third body, the two are in equilibrium with each other.
Simple Substance State
A substance whose state is defined by two independently variable Refers to the thermal condition of the system or substance.
intensive thermodynamic properties. Thermodynamics
System It is a branch of science that deals with energy, its conversion from
-A portion of the universe, an atom, a certain quantity of matter or a one form to another, and the movement of energy from one location to
certain volume in space that one wishes to study. another.
Properties Energy
-Descriptive characteristics used to express the behavior of the It is the capacity of a system or substance to do an effect (work).
system or substance. Work
Extensive Properties It is the product of the component of a force in the direction of
Thermodynamic properties that are dependent of the mass. motion and the distance through which the point of application of the force
Intensive Properties moves during its action.
Thermodynamic properties that are independent of the mass. Transient System
Entropy Open system is also known as.
Measure of microscopic disorder of a substance. Second Law of Thermodynamics
Measure of irreversibility of the system or substance. It is a thermodynamics law that deals with the direction of flow of
Measure of the unavailable energy in an irreversible process. heat energy which is from higher temperature body to lower temperature
Working Substance body.
A fluid that receives, transports and transfers energy. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Temperature ‘’The acceleration of a particular body is directly proportional to the
A thermal state of a body considered with reference to its ability to resultant force acting on it and inversely proportional to this mass.’’
communicate heat to other bodies or system. Potential Energy
Specific Weight Energy of a body due to its position or elevation.
Force of gravity per unit volume of a substance. Kinetic Energy
Cycle Energy of a body because of its velocity.
When a certain mass of a fluid in a particular state passes through a Specific Heat
series of processes and returns to its initial state. A quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass
A combination of processes taking a system through a succession of of a substance by one-degree Kelvin.
states and returning to its initial state.
Constant Pressure Specific Heat The percentage, by weight, of liquid in the mixture of saturated liquid
The specific heat of a pure substance which the change of enthalpy and saturated vapor.
for a unit mass or 1 mole between two equilibrium state at the same pressure Quality of Vapor
per degree change of temperature. The percentage, by weight, of vapor in the mixture of saturated liquid
The change of enthalpy per unit mass of a substance between two and saturated vapor.
equilibrium states at the same pressure per degree change of temperature. Dryness factor
Heat Energy Vapor quality is known as.
A form of energy that flows from higher temperature body to lower Wet Vapor
temperature body. Mixture of saturated liquid and saturated vapor.
Flow Energy Degrees of Subcooled
Energy done in pushing a fluid across the boundary, usually into or The difference between the saturation temperature for the given
out of the system. pressure and the actual subcooled liquid temperature.
Property Degree of Superheat
Refers to the thermal condition of the system or substance. Difference between the temperature of superheated vapor and the
Phase saturation temperature for an existing pressure.
A quantity of substance that is homogenous throughout. Saturated Vapor
Reversible Work Mode The vapor that has temperature equal to the saturation temperature
It refers to the amount of energy added in forward process that can corresponding to an existing pressure.
be removed by the reversed process. Vapor
Relevant Reversible work mode A substance existing in the gaseous phase but relatively near its
Refers inly to the important work modes for the system un question saturation temperature.
and irreversible work modes are not considered. Saturated Liquid
Fusion A liquid that has a temperature equal to the boiling temperature
The change of pure substance from solid to liquid phase. corresponding to the existing or given pressure.
Applied Pressure Reversible Process
Refers to the pressure of the system in which change phase at Is defined as a process that once it has taken place can be reversed
constant pressure is considered. and in doing leave no change in either system or surroundings.
Sensible Heat Law of conservation of energy
A point that represents the highest pressure and highest temperature Whenever heat is transferred, energy is conserved.
at which liquid and vapor can coexist in equilibrium is known as. Weight
Amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance The amount or quantity of matter in an object.
without changing the phase. Internal Energy
Latent Heat The sum of all energies of all molecules of a body or a substance.
The amount of energy required to convert saturated liquid to
saturated vapor or from saturated vapor to saturated liquid (in changing the A substance is said to be saturated liquid if the quality of vapor is equal to
phase of substance) with the temperature remains constant. zero.
Humidity Ratio