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STANDARDIZATION OF ERANDAMOOLADI KWATHA CHURNA – A

COMPOUND FORMULATION USED IN MEDICATED ENEMA THERAPY (BASTI
KARMA)

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Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 2, Issue 10 | October 2013 | 709–715

ISSN 2277-4289 | www.gjrmi.com | International, Peer reviewed, Open access, Monthly Online Journal

Research article

STANDARDIZATION OF ERANDAMOOLADI KWATHA CHURNA –

A COMPOUND FORMULATION USED IN MEDICATED
ENEMA THERAPY (BASTI KARMA)
Lohith B A1*, Sunil Kumar K N2, Girish K J3
1
Associate professor, Department of Panchakarma, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of
Ayurveda and Hospital, Tanniruhalla, BM Road, Hassan – 573201, Karnataka, India
2
Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied sciences,
Lakshminarayana Nagar, Kuthpady, Udupi - 574118, Karnataka, India
3
Professor, PG Department of Panchakarma, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and
Hospital, Tanniruhalla, BM Road, Hassan – 573201, Karnataka, India
*Corresponding Author: Mobile: +919886749168; E-mail address: drlohithpk@gmail.com

Received: 26/08/2013; Revised: 27/09/2013; Accepted: 04/10/2013

ABSTRACT

To assure therapeutic efficacy and safety, the standardization of Ayurvedic compound plays an
important role. Erandamooladi Kwatha Churna is a poly herbal formulation widely used in
Ayurveda clinical practice with multi fold benefits like Agni Deepana (improving digestive fire),
Ama Pachaka (digestion of undigested material) Sroto Shodhana (cleansing of micro channels)
specifically to management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica). There are no work on the standardisation aspect
of this formulation though individual herbs used for the preparation has been studied. This study
highlights physico-chemical characterization, HPTLC and densitogram profile of Erandamooladi
Kwatha Churna which can be applied for authentication of this poly herbal formulation. Formulation
were prepared by combining all the drugs and subjected for detailed physico-chemical and HPTLC
analyses. The results obtained are considered as tools for assistance to the regulatory authorities and
manufacturers for developing standard formulation aiming for great efficacy.
KEY WORDS: Erandamooladi Kwatha Churna, sciatica, poly herbal formulation, high
performance thin layer chromatography, standardization

Cite this article:

Lohith. B. A., Sunil Kumar. K. N., Girish. K. J., (2013), STANDARDIZATION OF
ERANDAMOOLADI KWATHA CHURNA – A COMPOUND FORMULATION
USED IN MEDICATED ENEMA THERAPY (BASTI KARMA),
Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med., Volume 2(10): 709–715

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 2, Issue 10 | October 2013 | 709–715

INTRODUCTION Ghrita (medicated ghee), Taila (medicated oils)

Ayurveda, Indian system of medicine is the
first recorded medical science. In recent years
there is global revolution worldwide towards
acceptance of this holistic science owing to its
effectiveness and safety. The increasing
demand has created great need to standardize
herbal medicines for scientific base of
acceptance. The earliest references of drug
standardizations are mentioned in Ayurveda
classics under the specialty of Bhaishajya
Kalpana and Rasa Shastra which exclusively
deal with drug formulation and manufacturing.
Hence standardization and development of
reliable quality protocols are important
(Anantanarayana DB, 2002).
The methods though crude but specify the
required standards of the raw drugs as well as
best quality of Ayurveda medicine.
Sharngadhara, who pioneered Ayurvedic
pharmacy has given best qualities of medicine
along with the methodology of preparation of
specified formulation such as Gutika (tablets),
Avaleha (medicated elixirs), (Parashurama
Shastri, 2000), and so on. In fact, it constitutes
the first ever described good manufacturing
practice and standard methods of quality
control. Hence standardization and
development of reliable quality protocols are
important.
Plant material when used in bulk quantity
may vary in its chemical content and therefore,
in its therapeutic effect according to different
batches of collection. It may depend on the
collection in different season and/or collection
from sites with different environmental
surrounding or geographical location. The
increasing demand and persisting stage,
authentic raw materials have made it
incumbent, to maintain uniformity in the
manufacture of Ayurvedic medicines so as to
promise the quality control and quality
assurance (WHO, 1992). Various formulations
are described in Ayurvedic texts to treat
Gridhrasi (sciatica). Erandamuladi Niruha
Basti (medicated enema) is one among them.

Table 1. The Erandamooladi Kwatha Churna (Trikamji Yadavji, 2009)

Sanskrit name Botanical name

Eranda Ricinus comunis
Palasha Butea monosperma
Rasna Pluchea lanceolata
Ashwagandha Withania somnifera
Atibala Abutilon indicum
Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia
Punarnava Boerhvavia diffusa
Aragvadha Cassia fistula
Devadaru Cedrus deodara
Madhanaphala Randia spinosa
Shatahva Anethum sowa
Hapusha Juniperus communis
Priyangu Callicarpa macrophylla
Pippali Piper longum
Madhuka Glycyrrhiza glabra
Bala Sida cordifolia
Vatsaka Holarrhena antidysentrica
Musta Cyperus rotandus

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 2, Issue 10 | October 2013 | 709–715
Considering therapeutic utility of the
Erandamooladi Niruha Basti, a thought was
given to standardize the same for multiple
usage as Agni Deepana (improving digestive
fire), Ama pachaka (digestion of undigested
material) Sroto Shodhana (cleansing of micro
channels of the body) and specifically to
management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica).
Development of a composite standardization
protocol for Erandamooladi Niruha Basti was
aimed in this study.
The combination of the drugs mentioned in
Table 1 are used to prepare the Kashaya
(decoction) to be used for the administration of
Niruha Basti (rectal route administration of
medicine) with a wide range of applications on
different conditions. Most of the drugs used in
this formulation possess the properties like
Ushna Veerya (hot in potency), Laghu (light),
Ruksha (dryness) Gunas and does Deepana
(digestive) and Lekhana Karma (scraping
effect). It is indicated in pain in Janga (knee),
Uru (leg region), Pada (foot) and Prusta (low
back region and in Kapha-avrutha (channels
obstructed by phlegm) conditions. The
Erandamooladi formula acts as a Marutha-
nigrahana (controls movements), in case of
Mala-mutra Sanga (obstruction to fecal and
urine), Arsha (piles) Anaha (flatulence) and
Admana (distention of abdomen) (Trikamji
Yadavji, 2009).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Instrumentation and techniques: High
performance thin layer chromatography
(HPTLC) studies were done at SDM Centre for
Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences,
Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India as per
standard procedure (I Stahl, 1969; PD Sethi,
1996; Khandelwal KR, 2005).
Plant materials: Required plant medicines
were collected from authorized raw drugs
suppliers of Chaitahanya Pharmaceuticals
Bellary, Karnataka, India. The raw materials
were first identified and authenticated by a
team of botanists at Chaitahanya
Pharmaceuticals, Bellary, Karnataka, India
Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||
Preparation of Erandamooladi Kwatha
churna (EKC): As per the textual description
(Parashurama, 2000) and guidelines in
Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI, 2003) the
all drugs described above were powdered
separately and mixed equally (Trikamji
Yadavji, 2009). 1kg of final output of powder
was obtained after 10% of loss during
processing. All the sample powders were
passed through 80 mesh size.
Instrumentation and techniques
(Anonymous, 2003).
1. Loss on drying at 105oC: 10 g of sample
was placed in tared evaporating dish. It was
dried at 105˚C for 5 hours in hot air oven
and weighed. The drying was continued
until difference between two successive
weights was not more than 0.01 after
placing in desiccator. Percentage of
moisture was calculated with reference to
weight of the sample.
2. Total Ash: 2 g of sample was incinerated
in a tared platinum crucible at temperature
not exceeding 450˚C until carbon free ash is
obtained. Percentage of ash was calculated
with reference to weight of the sample.
3. Acid insoluble Ash: To the crucible
containing total ash, add 25ml of dilute
HCl. Collect the insoluble matter on ashless
filter paper (Whatman 41) and wash with
hot water until the filtrate is neutral.
Transfer the filter paper containing the
insoluble matter to the original crucible, dry
on a hot plate and ignite to constant weight.
Allow the residue to cool in suitable
desiccator for 30 minutes and weigh
without delay. Calculate the content of acid
insoluble ash with reference to the air dried
drug.
4. Alcohol soluble extractive: Weigh
accurately 4 g of the sample in a glass
stoppered flask. Add 100 ml of distilled
Alcohol (approximately 95%). Shake
occasionally for 6 hours. Allow to stand for
18 hours. Filter rapidly taking care not to
lose any solvent. Pipette out 25ml of the
Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 2, Issue 10 | October 2013 | 709–715
filtrate in a pre-weighed 100 ml beaker.
Evaporate to dryness on a water bath. Keep
it in an air oven at 105C for 6 hours, cool
in a desiccator for 30 minutes and weigh.
Calculate the percentage of Alcohol
extractable matter of the sample. Repeat the
experiment twice, and take the average
value.
5. Water soluble extractive: Weigh
accurately 4 g of the sample in a glass
stoppered flask. Add 100 ml of distilled
water, shake occasionally for 6 hours.
Allow to stand for 18 hours. Filter rapidly
taking care not to lose any solvent. Pipette
out 25ml of the filtrate in a pre-weighed
100 ml beaker. Evaporate to dryness on a
water bath. Keep it in an air oven at 105C
for 6 hours. Cool in a desiccator and weigh.
Repeat the experiment twice. Take the
average value.
6. High Performance Thin Layer
Chromatography (HPTLC): 1g of
powder was extracted with 20 ml of alcohol
with successive method (Lala, 1993) 15
and 30 micro liter µl of the above extract
was applied on a precoated silica gel F254
on aluminum plates to a band width of 8
mm using Linomat 5 TLC applicator. The
plate was developed in Toluene: Ethyl
acetate: Formic acid (6: 2: 1.8). The
developed plates were visualized in UV
254, 366 and after derivatisation with
vanillin-sulphuric acid and scanned under
UV 254, 366, and at 540 nm. Rf values,
colour of the spots and densitometric scan
were recorded.
Table 2: Physico-chemical parameters of Erandamooladi Kwatha Churna
Parameter
Loss on drying at 105oC
Total ash
Acid insoluble ash
Water soluble extractive
Alcohol soluble extractive
Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||
RESULTS & DISCUSSION:
The results of the Physico-chemical
parameters of EKC has been tabulated in
Table 2.
Thin layer chromatography (TLC):
TLC fingerprint profile is a systematic
representation of all the constitution of samples
resolved in the given chromatographic system.
TLC photo documentation of EKC is presented
in Figure 1.
High Performance Thin Layer
Chromatography (HPTLC):
HPTLC fingerprint of butanol soluble
portion of EKC has been developed. The purity
of the band in the sample extracts was
confirmed by comparing the absorption spectra
recorded at start, middle, and end positions of
the band. The video densitometric images of
chromatoplate are depicted. HPTLC
densitometric scan at UV 254, 366, 620 nm are
presented in Figure 2. The Rf values are
tabulated in Table 3. Rf values of the spots and
their colour by TLC photo-documentation of
EKC extracts have been developed. Chloroform
extract of EKC at 254 nm showed 10 spots
(0.12 Green, 0.18 Green, 0.32 D green, 0.39
Green, 0.43 Green, 0.53 Green, 0.57 Green, 62
Green, -0.69 Green, 0.82 D green) whereas
under 366 nm it showed 5 spots (0.29 F.Blue,
0.43 F. Green, 0.48 F.Blue, 0.62 F.Blue, 0.65
F.Blue, 0.72 F.Green, 0.78 F.Pink, 0.91 F.Blue)
and 8 spots (0.12 Violet, 0.18 Violet, 0.32
Yellowish brown, 0.39 Blue, 0.51 Blue, 0.53
Pink, 0.65 Blue, 0.69 Pink, 0.76 D blue, 0.82 D
blue) after derivatisation using toluene: methyl
acetate (6.5:2.5) as solvent system.
Result (n = 3; % w/w)
10.99
6.53
1.44
13.4
5.6
Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 2, Issue 10 | October 2013 | 709–715

Figure 1. TLC photodocumentation of alcohol extract of Erandamooladi Kwatha Churna

1 2 1 2 1 2
At UV 254 nm At UV 366 nm Post- derivatisation with vanillin-
Sulphuric acid
Track 1- 15 µl and Track 2 - 30 µl
Solvent system - Toluene : Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (6:2:1.8)

Figure 2. HPTLC Densitometric scan of alcohol extract of Erandamooladi Kwatha Churna

A- 15 µl – 254 nm and B - 15 µl – 366 nm

Solvent system - Toluene : Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (6:2:1.8

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 2, Issue 10 | October 2013 | 709–715

Table 3. Rf value of Erandamooladi Kwatha Churna Alcohol extract (30 µl)

At UV 254 nm At UV 366 nm Post - derivatisation

0.12 Green - 0.12 Violet
0.18 Green - 0.18 Violet
- 0.29 F.Blue -
0.32 D green - 0.32 Yellowish brown
0.39 Green - 0.39 Blue
0.43 Green 0.43 F. Green -
- 0.48 F.Blue -
- - 0.51 Blue
0.53 Green - 0.53 Pink
0.57 Green - -
0.62 Green 0.62 F.Blue -
- 0.65 F.Blue 0.65 Blue
0.69 Green - 0.69 Pink
- 0.72 F.Green -
- - 0.76 D blue
- 0.78 F.Pink -
0.82 D green - 0.82 D blue
- 0.91 F.Blue -
F – Flourescent; D – Dark

CONCLUSION standardization test for this compound

Despite the advent of modern technology in
standardization of compound formulations,
only a few Ayurvedic poly herbal medicines
have been standardized so for. This study was
aimed at authentication of ingredients used in
the sample and chemical characterization using
advanced methodology. Considering its wide
range of age, EKC was selected for study.
Physico-chemical standardization of EKC was
carried out. Individual ingredients of the
formulation were authenticated and
standardized as per WHO criteria on herbal
pharmacopeia. TLC photo documentation of
EKC with its ingredients was carried out.
HPTLC fingerprint of chloroform and alcohol
extract (successive) of EKC was developed.
The product EKC was analyzed for its
fingerprint in comparison with its ingredients.
The current investigation can be used as
formulation. Further, detailed macro &
microscopic examination of the raw drug
individually and powdered form would add to
the standardization test of EKC.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are highly grateful to our revered
President, Dr. D. Veerendra Heggade and Dr.
B. Yashoverma, Secretary, SDM Educational
Society, Ujire, Karnataka, India for their
encouragement. Authors greatly regard the
constant support of Dr. Prasanna N Rao,
Principal, SDM College of Ayurveda &
Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka, India and Dr. B.
Ravishankar, Director, SDM Centre for
Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences,
Udupi, Karnataka, India for providing the
facilities and for their help in carrying out the
studies.

Global Journal of Research on Medicinal Plants & Indigenous Medicine || GJRMI ||

 Global J Res. Med. Plants & Indigen. Med. | Volume 2, Issue 10 | October 2013 | 709–715

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Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None Declared

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