CENTER OF LANGUAGES OF

THE UNIVERSITY JOSE

CARLOS MARIATEGUI

NAME : FLORES CANAZA, FRANCO

ALBERTO GABRIEL

DOCENT : MENDIVIL SALAS, JULIO

CESAR

DATE : APRIL 13, 2019

TOPIC : ANCIENT ROME

DEDICATION:

This work is dedicated to my family and colleagues who made this experience of learning English fun.
Summary:

Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber
River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of
western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Among the many legacies of Roman
dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish,
Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and
the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.

As legend has it, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war.
Left to drown in a basket on the Tiber by a king of nearby Alba Longa and rescued by a she-wolf,
the twins lived to defeat that king and found their own city on the river’s banks in 753 B.C. After
killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named for him. A line of Sabine,
Latin and Etruscan (earlier Italian civilizations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession.

The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls; they also
served as commanders in chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were
drawn largely from the Senate, which was dominated by the patricians, or the descendants of the
original senators from the time of Romulus.
Politics in the early republic was marked by the long struggle between patricians and plebeians
(the common people), who eventually attained some political power through years of concessions
from patricians, including their own political bodies, the tribunes, which could initiate or veto
legislatio

Rome eventually collapsed under the weight of its own bloated empire, losing its provinces one by
one: Britain around 410; Spain and northern Africa by 430. Attila and his brutal Huns invaded Gaul
and Italy around 450, further shaking the foundations of the empire. In September 476, a Germanic
prince named Odovacar won control of the Roman army in Italy. After deposing the last western
emperor, Romulus Augustus, Odovacar’s troops proclaimed him king of Italy, bringing an ignoble
end to the long, tumultuous history of ancient Rome.
Origin of rome
As legend has it, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war.
Left to drown in a basket on the Tiber by a king of nearby Alba Longa and rescued by a she-wolf,
the twins lived to defeat that king and found their own city on
the river’s banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother,
Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named for
him. A line of Sabine, Latin and Etruscan (earlier Italian
civilizations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession.

Rome’s era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the

overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus,
whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical,
compared to his benevolent predecessors. A popular
uprising was said to have arisen over the rape of a virtuous
noblewoman, Lucretia, by the king’s son. Whatever the
cause, Rome turned from a monarchy into a republic, a world
derived from res publica, or “property of the people.”

The Early Republic

The power of the monarch passed
to two annually elected magistrates
called consuls; they also served as
commanders in chief of the army.
The magistrates, though elected by
the people, were drawn largely from
the Senate, which was dominated
by the patricians, or the
descendants of the original
senators from the time of Romulus.
Politics in the early republic was
marked by the long struggle between patricians and plebeians (the common people), who
eventually attained some political power through years of concessions from patricians, including
their own political bodies, the tribunes, which could initiate or veto legislation.
In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets–known as the Twelve
Tables–and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure,
civil rights and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil law. By around 300
B.C., real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate, which at the time included only
members of patrician and wealthy plebeian families.
Military Expansion
During the early republic, the Roman state grew exponentially in both size and power. Though the
Gauls sacked and burned Rome in 390 B.C., the Romans rebounded under the leadership of the
military hero Camillus, eventually gaining control of the entire Italian peninsula by 264 B.C. Rome
then fought a series of wars known as the Punic Wars with Carthage, a powerful city-state in
northern Africa. The first two Punic Wars ended with Rome in full control of Sicily, the western
Mediterranean and much of Spain. In the Third Punic War (149–146 B.C.), the Romans captured
and destroyed the city of Carthage and sold its surviving inhabitants into slavery, making a section
of northern Africa a Roman province. At the same time, Rome also spread its influence east,
defeating King Philip V of Macedonia in the Macedonian Wars and turning his kingdom into another
Roman province.
Rome’s military conquests led directly to its cultural growth as a society, as the Romans
benefited greatly from contact with such advanced cultures as the Greeks. The first Roman
literature appeared around 240 B.C., with translations of Greek classics into Latin; Romans
would eventually adopt much of Greek art, philosophy and religion.

Rome eventually collapsed under the weight of its own bloated empire, losing its provinces one by
one: Britain around 410; Spain and northern Africa by 430. Attila and his brutal Huns invaded Gaul
and Italy around 450, further shaking the foundations of the empire. In September 476, a Germanic
prince named Odovacar won control of the Roman army in Italy. After deposing the last western
emperor, Romulus Augustus, Odovacar’s troops proclaimed him king of Italy, bringing an ignoble
end to the long, tumultuous history of ancient Rome.
VOCABULARY

Emcompassed: surround and have or hold within.

Struggle: make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction.

Collapsed: to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely.

Benefited: something that produces good or helpful results or effects or that promotes well-
being.

Patrician: a member of one of the original citizen families of ancient Rome.

Plebeians: one of the common people.

Gaining: resources or advantage acquired or increased.

Rescued: to free from confinement, danger, or evil.

Further: to a greater degree or extent.

Descendants: one originating or coming from an ancestral stock or source (one descended
from another).

Widespread: widely extended or spread out.

CONCLUSIONS

 Ancient Rome was a powerful and important civilization that ruled much of Europe for nearly
1000 years. The culture of Ancient Rome was spread throughout Europe during its rule. As a
result, Rome's culture still has an impact in the Western world today. The basis for much of
Western culture comes from Ancient Rome, especially in areas such as government,
engineering, architecture, language, and literature.

 Rome first grew into power as a Republic. This meant that Rome's leaders, such as senators,
were elected officials that served for a limited amount of time, not kings who were born into
leadership and ruled for life. They had a complex government with written laws, a constitution,
and a balance of powers.

 The Twelve Tables was the primary legislative basis for Rome’s republican constitution,
protecting the working classes from arbitrary punishment and excessive treatment by the ruling
elite (patricians).
ANNEXES

The city of Rome is the capital of Italy today

Roman Coliseum
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Nature Nature Discoveries: Ancient Rome de Judith Simpson. 1997.

 https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome/ancient-rome

 https://www.ancient.eu/Rome/

 https://www.nationalgeographic.org/education/ancient-rome/