Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Introduction
**** 2
Computer networks:
summary
Computer networks:
prerequisites
**** 4
Data communication:
a definition
• Interpersonal communication
»Telecommunication
—Broadcast
—Telephone
—Data communication
–Remote login
–File transfer
–Hypertext transfer
–Electronic mail
**-- 5
Data communication:
various views
User Sociologist
(Applications) (Sociological aspects)
Database producer Engineer
(Information) (Techniques)
**** 6
Data communication:
which types of ‘data’?
Digital information
01
**-- 7
Telecommunication:
digital versus analogue
• Morse digital
**** 8
Data communication:
which types of ‘data’?
Data communication:
applications (Part 1)
**** 10
Data communication:
applications (Part 2)
• Software-downloading
• Electronic mail from a person to one or several persons
• Computer-network based interest groups
• Online talking / chatting (IRC,...)
• Video conferencing (Cu-seeme, ...)
• Selling, shopping, buying,..
• ...
***- 11
**-- 12
Computer networks:
an analogy
Traditional Networks
• Letter • Hypermedia
• Envelope • Protocol
• Mail-box • Client
• Post office • Server
• Roads • Networks
**--Example 13
• ...
***- 14
Data communication:
problems, difficulties, limitations
/
• Technical complexity
***- 15
10000
2400
0 0 100100100 300 300300 1200
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
**-- 16
?? Question ??
What
Whatisisthe
themaximum
maximumspeed
speedof
ofaamodern
modernmodem?
modem?
**-- 17
300 V21
1 200 V22
2 400 V22bis
9 600 V32
14 400 V32bis
28 800 V34 1995
33 600 V34 plus 1996 Made slower
56 000 V56 standards obsolete
**** 18
Data communication:
modems
Data communication:
transmission modes
• Simplex
Transmission in one way only
• Half duplex
Transmission in both directions,
but not at the same time
• Full duplex !
Transmission
in both directions
at the same time
**-- 20
?? Question ??
How
Howlong
longtakes
takesthe
thetransfer
transferofofthe
thecontents
contentsof
ofaa200
200page
page
unformatted ASCII text document
unformatted ASCII text document
(like
(likethe
thetext
textof
ofaabook
bookfor
forinstance)
instance)
using data communication
using data communication
through
throughthetheclassical
classicalvoice
voicetelecommunication
telecommunicationnetwork
network
with a modern modem?
with a modern modem?
How
Howdiddidyou
youestimate/calculate
estimate/calculatethis
thisvalue?
value?
***- 21
?? Question ??
How
Howmany
manycharacters
characters(on
(onaverage)
average)
could be received
could be received
when
whentransfer
transferspeeds
speedswere
were
maximum
maximum 300 bits/s, 28 800bits/s?
300 bits/s, 28 800 bits/s?
Could
Couldthe
theuser
userread
readthe
theincoming
incomingwords
wordswell?
well?
**-- 22
Data-communication:
Hard-copy transfer / Fax
FAX
FAX
FAX
FAX
***- 23
Data communication:
trade offs
Cost
LAN Dial-up/PAD
(short distance) (low speed)
**** 24
**** 26
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Local Area Networks
**-- 27
A local area
computer network: scheme
**** 28
• (Terminal)
• Microcomputer with
serial line Network
communications software / server
terminal emulation software
• Microcomputer with
network card and
network software
***- 29
?? Question ??
Which
Whichapplications
applications
do
do youknow
you know
of server computers
of server computers
in
in a LocalArea
a Local AreaNetwork
Network(=LAN)?
(=LAN)?
***- 30
Applications
of server computers in a LAN
?? Question ??
Do
Doyou
youhave
haveaccess
accessto
toaaLAN
LAN
in
inyour
yourorganisation
organisation//institute
institute//school
school//university?
university?
***- 32
?? Question ??
Do
Doyou
youhave
havepersonal
personaldisk
diskspace
spaceavailable,
available,
through the LAN of your institute?
through the LAN of your institute?
**--Examples 33
****Examples 34
?? Question ??
Which
Whichbasic
basicnetwork
networksoftware
software
can
canyou
youuse
usein
inyour
yourinstitute?
institute?
***- 36
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Packet switching
***- 37
***- 38
==Computer
Computer == "Packet
"PacketSwitching
SwitchingExchange"
Exchange"
***- 39
?? Question ??
Which
Whichare
arethe
thebenefits
benefitsoffered
offered
by
bypacket
packetswitching?
switching?
***- 40
**-- 42
**** 44
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
National Wide Area Networks
**** 45
National
Wide Area Networks
• ...
**--Examples 46
• Belgium: BELNET
• Finland: FUNET
• Germany: DFN
• The Netherlands: Surfnet
• United Kingdom: JANET (Joint Academic Network)
• ...
**** 48
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
International computer networks
****Examples 49
**-- 50
International connectivity
map
**** 51
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
The Internet data communication network
**** 52
?? Question ??
What
Whatisisthe
theInternet?
Internet?
**** 53
The Internet
data communications network (Part 1)
**** 54
The Internet
data communications network (Part 2)
• Is constantly growing.
!! Task - Assignment !!
Learn
Learnfrom
fromthe
thefollowing
followingtraining
trainingmaterials:
materials:
Module
Module 5: The Internet as an informationresource.
5: The Internet as an information resource.
Lesson 1: How the Internet works [online]
Lesson 1: How the Internet works [online]
Available
Availablefrom:
from:
http://www2.unescobkk.org/elib/publications/ictlip/module5/
http://www2.unescobkk.org/elib/publications/ictlip/module5/
[cited
[cited2005
2005]]
**** 56
The Internet:
access from your Local Area Network
Your microcomputer
• For instance:
www.vub.ac.be
***- 58
Data communication
layer architecture
User
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Link layer
***- 59
USER
Application programs, using application protocols
such as
smtp, pop, imap, nntp, telnet, ftp, gopher, http...
TCP = host to host transfer control protocol
IP = Internet protocol
different physical nets
***- 60
Client Server
Computer Computer
Client application programs Server application programs
Application protocols Application protocols
TCP TCP
IP IP
different physical nets
***- 61
?? Question ??
Why
Whyarearemost
mostmodels/architectures
models/architectures
for
for data communicationnetworks
data communication networks
named
named
“layer
“layermodels/architectures”?
models/architectures”?
***- 62
?? Question ??
Which
Whichadvantages
advantagesareareoffered
offeredbyby
aalayer architecture in a computer system?
layer architecture in a computer system?
***- 63
?? Question ??
Give
Givesome
someexamples
examples
of
of layer = onionskin
layer = onion skin
architectures/models
architectures/models
in
in the area of informationand
the area of information andcommunication
communicationtechnology,
technology,
and describe each layers briefly.
and describe each layers briefly.
**** 64
TCP/IP
hardware
***- 66
!! Task - Assignment !!
You
Youcan
canlearn
learnthe
thebasics
basicsof
ofdigital
digitaldata
datacommunication
communication
by looking
by looking atat
the
thevideo
videomovie
movie
“Warriors
“Warriors of the net”[online]
of the net” [online]
Available
Availablefree
freeofofcharge
chargefrom:
from:
http://www.warriorsofthe.net/movie.html
http://www.warriorsofthe.net/movie.html
[cited
[cited2005]
2005]
**-- 67
TCP/IP:
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
**-- 68
TCP/IP:
Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
• successor to SLIP
**-- 70
***-Examples 72
• Belgium:
»ftp.vub.ac.be
»www.vub.ac.be
• U.S.A.:
»dialog.com
»ftp.cs.widener.edu
**-- 73
***- 74
!! Task - Assignment !!
Read
Read
Brain,
Brain,Marshall
Marshall
How
How domain name serverswork.
domain name servers work.[online]
[online]
Available from:
Available from:
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/dns.htm
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/dns.htm
[cited
[cited2005]
2005]
**** 75
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
January of each year
**-- 76
Source:
Source:http://www.nw.com/
http://www.nw.com/
**-- 77
New 35,000,000
survey
Adjusted data 30,000,000
old
survey 25,000,000
data
20,000,000
15,000,000
Source
Sourcedata:
data: 10,000,000
M.
M.Lottor
Lottor
Network
NetworkWizards
Wizards 5,000,000
<www.nw.com>
<www.nw.com>
0
Jan-94 Jan-95 Jan-96 Dec-96 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00
***- 78
Method 1: Increasing
Increasing power
power
full-time Internet host
Method 2:
part-time Internet host
(Method 3:
using another Internet host)
***- 80
Internet: TCP/IP in
the basic methods to connect
Cost
***- 82
!! Task - Assignment !!
You
Youcan
canlearn
learnthe
thebasics
basicsof
ofInternet
Internet
online starting from
online starting from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/course/coursemenu.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/course/coursemenu.shtml
***- 83
?? Question ??
AAway
wayof
ofdescribing
describingthe
theInternet
Internetisis(select
(select1):
1):
1.1. AAnetwork
networkofofcomputers
computersin inan
anoffice,
office,building
buildingor
orcompany
company
2.2. An alternative to the telephone directory
An alternative to the telephone directory
3.3. AAnetwork
networkofofnetworks
networksof ofcomputers
computersthat
thatcan
can"talk"
"talk"to
toeach
eachother
other
4.4. An
Aninterconnected
interconnectedmess
messof
ofcomputer
computercables
cables
***- 84
?? Question ??
Who's
Who'sin incharge
chargeof
ofthe
theInternet?
Internet?
1.1. Bill
BillGates
Gates
2.2. No-one
No-one
3.
3. The
TheUS
USsenate
senate
4.
4. The
TheWorld-Wide
World-WideWeb
Web
***- 85
?? Question ??
The
TheInternet
Internetisiscommonly
commonlyreferred
referredto
toas
as(select
(select1):
1):
1.
1. The
TheHard
HardDrive
Drive
2.2. The
TheNet
Net
3.3. The
TheWaste
Wasteof
ofTime
Time
4.4. The
TheWeb
Web
**** 86
?? Question ??
What
Whatisisan
anInternet
InternetService
ServiceProvider
Provideror
orISP?
ISP?(select
(select1)
1)
1.1. AAcompany
companythat
thatallows
allowsaccess
accesstototheir
theircustomers
customersemail
emailmessages
messages
2.2. AAcompany
companythat
thatprovides
providesan
aninternet
internetconnection
connectionto
toits
itscustomers
customers
3.3. AAcompany
companythat
thatprovides
providesinternet
internetconnected
connectedcomputers
computers
4.4. AAcompany
companythat
thatmaintains
maintainsthe
thestructure
structureof
ofthe
theinternet
internet
**-- 88
?? Question ??
How
Howtotoselect
selectan
an
Internet
Internet services/accessprovider?
services/access provider?
How
Howto toevaluate
evaluate
Internet
Internetservices/access
services/accessproviders?
providers?
***- 89
?? Question ??
How
Howareareyou
youconnected
connected
to the Internet?
to the Internet?
What
Whatisisthe
thename
nameofof
your
yourInternet
Internetaccess
accessprovider?
provider?
**-- 90
Internet
end-user equipment
• PC + Internet connection!
• WebTV
• Webphone = Screenphone
(based on for instance JavaOS by Sun)
***- 91
!! Task - Assignment !!
Read
Read
Tyson,
Tyson,Jeff
Jeff
How
How Internet infrastructureworks.
Internet infrastructure works.[online]
[online]
Available
Availablefrom:
from:
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm/printable
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm/printable
[cited
[cited2005]
2005]
**-- 92
?? Question ??
Being
Beingonline
onlinemeans
means(select
(select1):
1):
1.
1. You
Youare
areconnected
connectedto
tothe
theinternet
internet
2.
2. Your
Yourcomputer
computerisisswitched
switchedonon
3.
3. You
Youcan
canread
readyour
youremail
emailwithout
withoutpaying
payingphone
phonecosts
costs
4.
4. All
Allyour
yourcomputer
computerfiles
filesare
areorganised
organisedin
inthe
theright
rightorder
order
**-- 94
Internet:
WAP = Wireless Application Protocol
Internet WAP:
problems
A network-based course
about computer networks
*--- 98
Internet in schools:
aims and applications
•
*--- 99
Internet-assisted
teaching and learning: advantages (1)
*--- 100
Internet-assisted
teaching and learning: advantages (2)
Internet-assisted
teaching and learning: advantages (3)
• Communication
students - professor - teaching assistant(s) -
administration/secretariat
can be offered, based on an e-mail group, a Usenet
Newsgroup or a web-based group, for each course.
Furthermore, an archive of messages can be stored and
can be made searchable.
In this way one can save time and costs related to travel to
a classroom and communication is not limited to fixed
contact hours.
*--- 102
Internet-assisted
teaching and learning: advantages (4)
• Multimedia
(coloured graphics, sound, animations, video,...)
can be integrated well in the course material.
*--- 103
Internet-assisted
teaching and learning: advantages (5)
*--- 104
Internet-assisted
teaching and learning: limitations
Windows Windows
3.x 95, 98, ME, 2000, XP…
Licensing fee / price / costs Lower! Higher
RAM required Less! More
Includes TCP/IP stack No Yes!
Set-up of Internet applications Less easy Easier!
Allows (faster) 32-bit programs No Yes!
Problems with limitations of Many Few!
Windows “resources”
***- 106
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Miscellany
***- 107
**-- 108
***- 110
Dictionaries / glossaries
about networks and Internet
***- 112
!? Question !?
Which
Whichways
waysofofdata
datacommunication
communication
do you know
do you know
to
to access onlineinformation
access online informationsystems?
systems?
**** 113
TelePAD
LAN
Public data
comm. network
Local
External
Gateway computer system computer
PAD
Intern Extern
***- 114
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
The future impact
of digital communication networks
***- 115
Future impact of
digital communication networks
Extreme scenarios:
***- 116
Computer-based communication:
boom scenario
Evolution to ‘computopia’
• International, interpersonal communication increases,
using the international computer communication
networks.
• Information gap (between information rich and
information poor) disappears: access from everywhere
(even from developing countries) to internationally
available information.
• Capitalism and repression disappear.
***- 117
Computer-based communication:
doom scenario
***- 118
**-- 120
?? Question ??
Compare
Comparetransfer
transferrates
rates
in computer networks
in computer networks
with
withthe
thetransfer
transferrates
rates
of
ofCD-ROM
CD-ROMsystems.
systems.
**-- 122