Machine Design Part 1: Static and Fatigue Failure, Quiz 2

A force F of 40000 lbf is applied to rod AC

F
the negative Y-direction. The rod is 1000 Y
inches tall. A Force P of 25 lbf in the A A
negative Z- direction at point E. A force R of 100 100 200
75 lbf in the negative Z-direction at point F. E F .E F .
Rod AC has a diameter of 1 inch from A to
B, a diameter of 1.5 inches from B to C, and P R
all fillet radii are 0.25 in. The lamp post has
a Sy of 135 ksi, a Sut of 150 ksi, and an ef = 800
0.15.

Determine: .D..
B . .
B D
1) The effective stress at point B. 100 X
C X C

Z 2D view of rod AC in XY
plane

Point B lies along the neutral axis, which is in the XY plane. Therefore, it experiences:
- Transverse shear (tyz ) due to P and R
- Axial Compressive stress (sy) due to F
- Torsional stress (tyz) due to P and R
- Note that the bending stress (sy) = 0 as B lies along the neutral axis.

Axial Compressive stress

σy = F/A = 4F/(pd2) = (4*(-40000 lbf))/[p*(1 in)2] = - 50.9 ksi

Transverse shear
4V 4(75lbf + 25lbf )
t yz = = = 0.17ksi
3A p (1in)2
3( )
4
Torsional shear
T =R*200 in - P*100 in = 12500 lbf*in
Tr Td 32 16T 16(12500lbf * in)
t xy   *    63.7ksi
J d pd 4 pd 3 p (1in)3
σ’ =[sy2 +3(txy2+tyz2)]1/2

σ’ =[(-50.9)2 +3((63.7)2+(0.17)2)]1/2 = 121.5 ksi

Machine Design Part 1: Static and Fatigue Failure, Quiz 2

A force F of 40000 lbf is applied to rod AC

F
the negative Y-direction. The rod is 1000 Y
inches tall. A Force P of 25 lbf in the A A
negative Z- direction at point E. A force R of 100 100 200
75 lbf in the negative Z-direction at point F. E F .E F .
Rod AC has a diameter of 1 inch from A to
B, a diameter of 1.5 inches from B to C, and P R
all fillet radii are 0.25 in. The lamp post has
a Sy of 135 ksi, a Sut of 150 ksi, and an ef = 800
0.15.

Determine: .D..
B . .
B D
1) The effective stress at point B. 100 X
C X C
2) The factor of safety ‘n’ at point B. 2D view of rod AC in XY
Z
plane
3) What stress state has the most impact
on the design at point B? Torsion, Axial,
Bending, or Transverse Shear?

4) The effective stress at point D.

b) Factor of safety at point B

n = 135 ksi/ 121.8 ksi = 1.1
Machine Design Part 1: Static and Fatigue Failure, Quiz 2

A force F of 40000 lbf is applied to rod AC

F
the negative Y-direction. The rod is 1000 Y
inches tall. A Force P of 25 lbf in the A A
negative Z- direction at point E. A force R of 100 100 200
75 lbf in the negative Z-direction at point F. E F .E F .
Rod AC has a diameter of 1 inch from A to
B, a diameter of 1.5 inches from B to C, and P R
all fillet radii are 0.25 in. The lamp post has
a Sy of 135 ksi, a Sut of 150 ksi, and an ef = 800
0.15.

Determine: .D..
B . .
B D
1) The effective stress at point B. 100 X
C X C
2) The factor of safety ‘n’ at point B. 2D view of rod AC in XY
Z
plane
3) What stress state has the most impact
on the design at point B? Torsion, Axial,
Bending, or Transverse Shear?

4) The effective stress at point D.

Point D lies at the front of the rod in the XY plane. Therefore, it experiences:
- Normal bending stress (sy) due to P and R
- Axial Compressive stress (sy) due to F
- Torsional stress (txy) due to P and R

Axial Compressive Stress

σy = F/A = 4F/(pd2) = (4*(-40000 lbf))/[p*(1 in)2] = - 50.9 ksi

Normal Bending Stress

M = (P + R)*800 in = 80000 lbf * in

Md 64 32M 32(-80000lbf *in)

s =- * 4 =- =- = 815ksi
2 pd pd 3
p (1in)3
σy = 815 + -50.9 ksi = 764.1 ksi

Torsional Shear
T =R*200 in - P*100 in = 12500 lbf*in

Tr Td 32 16T 16(12500lbf * in)

t xy   *    63.7ksi
J 2 pd 4 pd 3 p (1in)3
σ’ =[sy2 +3(txy2)]1/2

σ’ =[(764.1 ksi)2 +3(63.7 ksi)2)]1/2 = 772.0 ksi

Machine Design Part 1: Static and Fatigue Failure, Quiz 2

To the right is a stress element in an alumina s

Y
(Al2O3) beam with a f < 0.05. σx = 0.2 GPa, y

σy = 0.3 GPa in the negative y direction, and txy

τxy = 0.1 GPa. The strength of the beam is
Sut = 0.25 GPa, and Suc = 2.95 GPa. Find the s
factor of safety of the stress element using a x
X
the Brittle Coulomb Mohr theory.
Assumptions: Z
Isotropic, homogenous, brittle material.

Thoughts:
As this is a brittle material, Force P creates an axial compressive stress in rod OA. . Force F does NOT
contribute to the transverse shear stress.

Known:
σx = 0.2 GPa, sy = -0.3 GPa, txy = 0.1 Gpa, Sut = 0.25 GPa, and Suc = 2.95 GPa.

Analysis:
We already have stressed in the X, Y, and Z directions given to us.

Calculate principal stresses:

sx +sy æs -sy ö
2

s 1, s 2 = ± ç x ÷ + t 2xy
2 è 2 ø

[0.2 + (-0.3)] æ 0.2 - (-0.3) ö

2

s 1, s 2 = ± ç ÷ø + (0.1) = 0.22, -0.32

2

2 è 2

Apply failure criteria:

1 sa sb
= -
n Sut Suc
1
n= = 1.02
0.22 -0.32
-
0.25 2.95
Machine Design Part 1: Static and Fatigue Failure, Quiz 2

Suppose you have a 1020 steel plate in axial loading, with an axial F of 30000
lbf. The plate is 1⁄4” thick, 2” high, and 6” length. The hole is in the center of
the plate, and is 1/4“ in diameter. The plate is at room temperature, and the
strain at fracture is greater than εf > 0.1. If Sy = 80 ksi and Sut = 100 ksi,
calculate the highest stress in the plate.

6.00“

+ F
2.00“

1.00“

0.25“ 3.00“

There is no need for a stress concentration factor as this material is ductile-

note that εf > 0.1.

The highest stress will be at the lowest cross sectional area, which occurs at
the hole. Therefore:

F 30000lbf
s= = = 68, 600 psi = 68.6ksi
(t)(h - d) (0.25in)(2in - 0.25in)
Machine Design Part 1: Static and Fatigue Failure, Quiz 2

Y
0.5 m
.B
.O P 0.1 m
A.
.C F X

A load F of 500 N is applied in the negative x-direction on rod OA, and a load P of
200 N is applies in the negative z-direction at point B on rod AB. Assume rod AB is
fixed to rod OA and rod OA is fixed along the left side to a wall. Point C is along
the front-most edge of rod OA, in the XZ plane.
.
What, if any, are the bending moments and torques at point C?

The force F is an axial force that lies coaxial to the centerline of rod OA, and
therefore does not result in a bending moment or torque at point C.

Force P is applied perpendicular to rod OA. It is going to push rod OA backwards in

the z direction, and twist rod OA around the x-axis. Therefore, it results in a
bending moment and a torque at point C.

M = F*d = (200N)(0.5m) = 100 N*m

T = F*r = (200 N)(0.1 m) = 20 N*m