English assignment report

“Reforestation”
Asked to fulfill one of the practical exam scores Biology subjects fostered
by: Ms. Indah Palupi T. D., S.Pd.

Anggota : Kokom Komalasari

Nur hopipah

Ridwan Nurhidayah

Rini Mulyasari

Vina Nurhamidah

SMA NEGERI 1 PASAWAHAN

Jalan Terusan Kapten Halim
Pasawahan Purwakarta
2018 – 2019
A. Definition of Reforestation

Reforestation is the act of replanting forests that have been deforested due to being cut down
or due to natural disasters, reforestation has a very genuine goal to improve the quality of
human life through improving the quality of natural resources. With the return of forest
function, it can avoid the environment from air pollution, the return of forest ecosystems,
optimal absorption of carbon dioxide and forest products that can be utilized by humans.

"Reforestation is an activity of reforestation of logged-over forest areas and empty

land inside forest areas" (Manan, 1978). "Reforestation includes tree regeneration, planting
other tree species in the state forest area and other areas according to the land use plan
designated as forest. Thus, building new forests in exhausted areas, selective logging, or on
other vacant land contained in forest areas including reforestation "(Kadri et al, 1992).

So, reforestation is building new forests or replanting logged-over forest areas as well
as empty land inside forest areas.

B. Definition of Greening

"Greening is a planting activity on empty land outside the forest area, especially on people's
land with hard plants, for example forest tree species, fruit trees, plantation plants, terrace
reinforcing plants, green fertilizer plants, and animal feed grass. The purpose of the planting
is so that the land can be restored, maintained and re-increased in fertility ”(Manan, 1976;
Supriyanto, 1984). "Efforts included in the aforementioned series of reforestation activities
are in the form of building preventive soil erosion, for example, making terassering and dams
carried out in areas outside the forest area" (Kadri et al, 1992).

So, reforestation is the activity of planting on vacant land outside the forest area as
well as the construction of buildings to prevent soil erosion with the aim that the land can be
restored, maintained, and improved again. 2.3 Definition of Social Welfare "Social welfare is
a prosperous condition of a society. Social welfare includes health, economic conditions,
happiness, and quality of life of the people "(Segel and Bruzy, 1998). "Social welfare means
good condition, happiness and prosperity, many people call it a charity" (W.J.S.
Poerwadarminta, 1996). So, social welfare is a prosperous condition of a good, happy and
prosperous society.
C. Definition of Social Welfare

"Social welfare is a prosperous condition of a society. Social welfare includes

health, economic conditions, happiness, and quality of life of the people "(Segel and Bruzy,
1998). "Social welfare means good condition, happiness and prosperity, many people call it a
charity" (W.J.S. Poerwadarminta, 1996).
So, social welfare is a prosperous condition of a good, happy and prosperous society.

D. The Important Role of Green Plants in Human Life

Plants are living things consisting of organs such as roots, stems and leaves and
have leaf green substances called chlorophyll. Green plants are able to make their own food
by absorbing nutrients contained in the soil, carbon dioxide in the air and with the help of
sunlight known as photosynthesis.
The results of photosynthesis are very beneficial not only for green plants themselves, but
also beneficial for living things around them, especially humans. Oxygen produced from
photosynthesis is used by humans and animals to breathe, and the glucose it produces is also
useful as an energy source.
Green plants can also be a solution to various climate problems that plague the earth
today, such as the issue of global warming due to the amount of carbon dioxide that exceeds
the limit (greenhouse effect). Air pollution caused by pollutants such as carbon dioxide can
be reduced by increasing the greening of the surrounding environment and reforestation.

The benefits of green plants, especially for humans, are as follows.

A. Green plants act as the lungs of the world. Plants that contain chlorophyll produce oxygen
gas which has a vital role in the breathing process of humans and animals.
B. Green plants function as environmental stabilizers. The presence of green plants in the
surrounding environment can create a fresh, comfortable and cool atmosphere.
C. Green plants are a natural balancer, because they have a very important role in the life of
the ecosystem.
D. Green plants also function as a shelter for unfavorable natural conditions such as strong
winds, stinging sun, rain, and dust and pollution.
E. Green plants are a source of aesthetics or beauty.
F. Green plants are one of the factors guiding health.

E. Steps in Realizing Reforestation and Greening Efforts

a. Reforestation Steps
The area of forest land in Indonesia is 140.3 million ha and is one of the largest
tropical rainforests in the world. However, this number continues to decrease every year due
to the occurrence of many illegal logging, mining activities and shifting cultivation.
According to the FAQ, the rate of forest destruction in Indonesia reaches 1,315,000 ha per
year or every year the forest area decreases by 1%. The areas with the fastest damage to
forests are Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi and parts of Java.
Damaged forest conditions can cause a decrease in the earth's ability to convert
carbon dioxide to oxygen. In addition, forests that lose most of their vegetation can cause
continuous erosion so that the soil loses its fertility. Forest damage also causes an imbalance
of nature and animals to lose their habitat. Reforestation is needed in an effort to overcome
forest destruction. With reforestation, the forest will regain its vegetation, create cool air
conditions and prevent various adverse effects caused by forest destruction.
 The following are some steps in realizing reforestation efforts. 1 Preparation,
including the determination of the reforestation target location, preparation of the
implementing organization, preparation of the timeline for activities and division of labor,
cleaning up the reforestation area from the conflict so that planting can run smoothly through
socialization of planting plans, preparing materials and measurement tools (GPS / theodolite
measuring instruments, compasses, altimeter etc.) and determine cropping patterns. 2 Make
holes for plants according to the planting pattern and prepare basic fertilizers. 3 Plant seeds
must be healthy and meet the standards and are first planted in temporary containers. Plants
that can be used for reforestation include the following.
a) Teak (Tectona grandis)
b) Jelutung (Dyera costulata)
c) Jabon (Anthocepalus cadamba
d) Sungkai (Peronema cannescens)
e) Meranti (Shore sp)
f) Pecan (Aleurites molucua)
g) Pine / Pinus (Pinus merkusii)
h) Balsa (Ochroma sp)
4 Plant seeds are removed from the temporary reservoir and then transferred to the holes that
have been made and given fertilizer.
5 Carry out intensive plant maintenance to clean plant areas from flammable materials.
6 Carry out periodic supervision to detect fire hazards early so that appropriate action can be
taken.
7 Increasing community participation in forest security, including through information and
information activities.

b. Greening Steps
In addition to the forest, green plants also have a very important role outside the
forest area. Green plants as the main producers of oxygen are needed in the environment
around us. Green plants in addition to playing a role in life and physical health physically,
also play a role in aesthetics and mental health. To deal with the environmental crisis,
especially in urban areas, it is necessary to plan and plant green plants for conceptual
greening. Greening is done to restore, maintain and improve the condition of the land so that
it can produce and function optimally, both as a regulator of the water system or protecting
the environment. The following are some steps in realizing greening efforts.
1. Greening efforts can be started from the environment around us like the home page.
We can use existing land to be planted with green plants, such as ornamental plants,
medicinal plants and hard-skinned plants. Land around our homes such as housing
complexes can also be utilized for reforestation by planting similar plants.
2. Planting useful green plants on our yard can be developed into a mini garden
consisting of vegetable and fruit plants (living stalls) and medicinal plants (live
pharmacies). By developing a mini garden on the home page, we can save on
household expenditure so that it keeps us away from consumptive nature.
3. Hydroponic planting techniques can be the next greening solution if the land we have
is not sufficient to be planted with green plants. Hydroponic planting technique is a
technique of planting without using soil, but using other objects such as coconut fiber
which is given nutrients needed by green plants.
4. Greening in the school environment is also very much needed. Cool, comfortable
and fresh air conditions in the school environment can optimize the learning process
of students. The application of the greening of the surrounding environment must be
 applied to students from an early age in order to realize a generation that cares about
the environment. Schools are the right place to apply the importance of greening to
students besides at home.
5. Making city parks and urban forests can optimize reforestation efforts, of course with
community participation. The existence of city parks and urban forests can also
reduce the level of air pollution and can be a means of recreation for the community
6. The discipline of disposing of garbage in its place can support reforestation efforts.
The environment that we have planted by green plants must not be polluted by waste
or garbage, because it can cause unpleasant scenery. Community care is needed in this
matter. If the community is aware of not littering, of course the positive impact is also
felt by the community itself.
7. Greening efforts must get support from the government and community cooperation
with the government for the creation of an environment that is desirable and
prosperous for the community.

F. Benefits of Reforestation and Greening

The benefits of reforestation and reforestation include the following.
A.Orological benefits. Tree roots with soil are a strong entity that can prevent erosion.
B. Hydrological benefits. Plants will basically absorb rain water, so that an area overgrown
with many plants has sufficient water supply.
C. Climatological benefits. With the number of trees will reduce the local temperature, so that
the surrounding air becomes cool, fresh and comfortable.
D. Benefits of edaphis. This is a benefit in relation to the place of living of animals. In an
environment full of trees, animals can naturally live peacefully because such environments
are very supportive.
E. Ecological benefits. A good environment is a balance between man-made structures and
natural structures. Groups of trees or plants, water and animals are parts of nature that can
provide environmental balance.
F. Protective benefits. Trees can provide protection, for example against the hot sun, strong
winds, dust resistors and sound absorbers.
G. Hygienic benefits. It is the nature of trees during the day to produce oxygen (O2) which is
very needed by humans, and vice versa can absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). So hygienically,
trees are very useful for human life.
H. Educational benefits. Various types of trees planted in the surrounding environment are
natural laboratories, because they can be used as a place to learn about plants from various
aspects.
G. Linkages between Reforestation and Greening with Community Welfare
The community can enjoy various benefits from reforestation and reforestation as
mentioned earlier. Community welfare is related to conditions that are comfortable, good,
prosperous and fulfilled of all needs. Matters relating to community welfare can be obtained
through the implementation of reforestation and reforestation.
The territory of the Republic of Indonesia which has a tropical climate has an
invaluable asset, namely fertile land. Planting fertile land with a variety of economically
valuable vegetation accompanied by proper processing by good human resources can
increase domestic production which of course can be a source of community welfare.
Reforestation and reforestation are the two right steps in realizing community
welfare. Community welfare cannot be achieved if the community does not optimize its
potential in the surrounding environment. Green plants around us are one of the potentials
that can bring many benefits if we process them properly. Therefore, improving the quality of
human resources is also very necessary in processing the environment in order to achieve
public welfare.