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The annual report indicates the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the U.S. remains high
and survival remains low. Bystander intervention in the U.S. also remains low. In 2017, laypersons initiated
CPR in 39% of cases, used AEDs in just 6% of cases, and delivered a shock in ~2% of cases, based on CARES
data.
There are more than 356,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) annually in the U.S., nearly
90% of them fatal, according to the American Heart Association’s newly released Heart and Stroke
Statistics—2019 Update.[1]According to the report, the incidence of EMS-assessed non-traumatic
OHCA in people of any age is estimated to be 356,461, or nearly 1,000 people each day. Survival to
hospital discharge after EMS-treated cardiac arrest is about 10%.
There are a number of ongoing challenges to understanding the epidemiology of cardiac arrest[2] in
the U.S. Despite being a leading cause of death, there are currently no nationwide standards for
surveillance to monitor the incidence and outcomes of cardiac arrest. Thus, registries and clinical
trials are used to provide best estimates. These sources include the Resuscitation Outcomes
Consortium (ROC), 2005-2015, and the ongoing Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival
(CARES).
Following are selected highlights from the 2019 report.
[1] Benjamin EM, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update. A Report from the
American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139:00. DOI:10.1161/CIR.000000000000659
[2] “Cardiac arrest is the cessation of cardiac mechanical activity, as confirmed by the absence of
circulation,” according to the report. “SCA (Sudden Cardiac Arrest) is unexpected cardiac arrest that
might result in attempts to restore circulation. If attempts are unsuccessful, this situation is referred
to as SCD” (Sudden Cardiac Death).
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May 2019
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