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GENETICALLY MODIFIED

ORGANISMS
NS1 – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

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Can you transfer genes between
species?
• Yes!

• Why?

• UNIVERSAL.

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What is GMO?
• Stands for genetically modified organisms
• Any organism that had their DNA altered or any organism
created through genetic engineering

• The development of GMOs was perceived to help in the


advancements of technology for the benefit of humans in
different industries like agriculture and medicine

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GMOs in Food and Agricultural
Industries
USES EXAMPLES
Pest resistance BT corn vs corn borers
Virus resistance GM papaya vs PRSV
Herbicide tolerance Roundup Ready Soybean
Fortification Golden rice with beta-carotene
Cosmetic preservation Long shelf life
Increased growth rate Pacific Chinook Salmon with gene of ocean
trout

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GMOs in Non-Food Crops and
Organisms
USES EXAMPLES
Cosmetic modification Variety of colors (e.g. flowers)
Bioremediation Plants can help in very polluted areas; shrub
tobacco shows high level of accumulation of
lead, zinc, cadmium, nickel, and boron
Medical field Factor IX in sheep cells so their milk
Pharmaceutical production produces this protein and helps us clot blood
especially for people who are hemophilics
Enzyme and drug production

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GMOs
POSITIVES POTENTIAL RISKS
Control in fertility Risk in gene flow from GM to non-GM
Reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides Human consumption may lead to allergic
reactions as side effect
Increase in harvest GMOs may develop abnormalities and
mutation
Higher efficiency in farming GMO contains antibiotic resistance genes
and may cause disease-causing bacteria to
be antibiotic resistant
Increase in food processing GMO may have change in nutritional value
Nutritional and pharmaceutical enhancement
Improvement of desirable characteristics
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Other potential risks that raise major
concern:
• Human Genome Project
• Mapping of the human genes to provide the framework for research
and studies in the field of medicine

• Cloning
• The asexual reproduction of an organism using parent cell through
genetic engineering, e.g. dolly, the sheep
• The emergency of ethical issue of man “playing god”

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Government Agencies Involved in
GMOs
• DOST, DA, DENR, DOH, DILG

• Rules and regulations for the research and development, handling and
use, transboundary movement, release in the environment, and
management of GM plants and plant products derived from the use of
modern biotechnology

• Paves the way to issuance of new permits for planting and importing
GM crops in the country

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