Nama : Muhammad Nurul Huda

Kelas : TKR XI-C

Procedure Text

Definition of Procedure Text

There are three definition about procedure text : (1)Texts that explain how something
works or how to use instruction / operation manuals e.g. how to use the video, the
computer, the tape recorder, the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do
a particular activity e.g. recipes, rules for games, science experiments, road safety
rules. (3) Texts that deal with human behavior, e.g how to live happily, how to
succeed

Generic Structure of Procedure Text

# Goal : (e.g : How to make spaghetti)
# Material or Ingredient : (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg, onion,
vegetable oil, etc. )
# Step : (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the onions becomes
slice. . . )

Purpose of Procedure Text

– To explain/tell (the reader) how to make/operate/do something through a sequence
of actions or steps.
– To explain steps/instruction to make/operate/do something

Language Feature of Procedure Text:

– Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g: first, second, third,
the last)
– Use command / imperative sentence (e.g : put the noodles on the . . ., cut the
onion. . ., wash the tomatoes. . . )
– Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place, manner accurate, for
example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
– Using action verbs, e.g : make, take, boil, cook
– Using Simple Present Tense

Examples of Procedure Text

How to serve Koko Crunch

Ingredients:
 A package of Koko Krunch
 A glass of hot water
 Steps:
 Open the packaging lid
 Take a spoon and milk in plastic packaging
 Open the coco crunch then input into a plastic cup
 Open the milk then sprinkle into the cup
 Add hot water to taste
 Stir until evenly
 Serve
 Factual Report text

Definition of Report text

“Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result
of systematic observation and analyses.”

Generic Structure of Report text

# General Clasification ; Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,
public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
# Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts,
qualities, habits or behaviors.

Purpose of Report text

Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe
an entire class of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the planets, rocks,
plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report text:

– Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
– Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
– Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
– Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always
begin over the sea;
– Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
– Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated
naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.
Keterangan :
– General nouns, maksudnya adalah, suatu benda (baik itu hidup atau mati) yang
bersifat umum. Coba bandingkan : Hunting dogs >< My dog. Hunting dogs bersifat
umum; sedangkan my dog bersifat khusus. – Relating verbs, dalam grammar disebut
juga dengan linking verbs. Seperti to be [is, am, are: present], seem, look, taste dan
lain sebagainya. – Timeless present tense adalah salah satu penanda waktu dalam
simple present seperti “often, usually, always” dan lain-lain. – Technical terms,
maksudnya adalah istilah-istilah yang meliputi teks report tersebut. Misalnya tentang
“music” maka, istilah-istilah musik harus ada.

Example of Report Text – Pigeon

Pigeon
Pigeon refers to all birds of the family Columbidae and order Columbiformes. They
consist of 310 species. Some people may also know them as “Doves”. There is no
clear distinction between the use of the word “pigeons” and “doves” until today. But
generally, the word “Pigeons” is used to address the species known as the Rock Dove,
while the word “Doves” is used to address a pigeon that is white.
Pigeons exhibit various size and color based on their species. The smallest species
may have the size of 15 cm and weight 30 g, while the largest species can grow up to
75 cm with the body weight of 2 kg. Some of their color are: pale gray, white, brown,
reddish and black. Most of them have two black bars on their wings. They have a
small head with short beak. Their body is compact with two large and muscular wings
and two short legs on it.
Pigeons can be found almost in any region in the world. They have been domesticated
since 10.000 years ago. they have been used by humans for several purposes such as
courier to deliver short written messages, sacred symbols in a wedding ceremony,
entertainment in a magic show and also as a racing birds. Some species are also
edible and they are served as food in some places.
 Analytical Exposition Text

Definition of Analytical Exposition Text

Analytical Exposition is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon
surrounding. Its social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important
matter, and to analyze the topic that the thesis/opinion is correct by developing an
argument to support it.

Generic Structure of Analytical exposition Text

# Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s point of view.
# Argument : Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position. The number of
arguments may vary, but each argument must be supported by evidence and
explanation. # Reiteration: Restating the writer’s point of view / to strengthen the
thesis. We can use the following phrase to make conclusion in reiteration :
From the fact above …
I personally believe …
Therefore, my conclusion is …
In conclusion …

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Analytical exposition Text:

– Using relational process
– Using internal conjunction
– Using causal conjunction
– Using Simple Present Tense
– Using compound and complex sentence.
– Use word that link argument, such as firstly, secondly, and reasoning through causal
conjunction, such as in addition, furthermore, however, therefore.

Read text carefully and see the translation

Cars should be banned in the city
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a
lot of road deaths and other accidents.
Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world. Cars
emit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’
of asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly
hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest
killers.
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at
night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone.
In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.