ME 450

HOMEWORK 9

Problem 1 – Speaker Model (20pts)

Develop a model of the electromagnetic speaker shown in Figure 2, and obtain the transfer
function relating the diaphragm displacement x (output) to the applied voltage v (input).

Figure 1: Simplified Loudspeaker System (Cross Section)

The loudspeaker system can be modeled as a coupled electrical and mechanical system:

The two systems are coupled through the magnetic force f and you can assume that the back
EMF is given by K b x́ .
a) Derive the governing equations for the mechanical and the electrical systems
X ( s)
b) Calculate the transfer function G ( s ) =
V ( s)

1
Problem 2 – Thermal System with Multiple Capacitances (40 pts)
A system with two thermal capacitances is shown in Figure 2. Heat is supplied at a rate qi (t )
by an electrical heater with electrical resistance R . The current through the heater resistance
is I (t ) .

Figure 2: System with two Thermal Capacitances

Assume the enclosure is perfectly insulated except for the right-end side, at constant ambient
temperature T a . R1 and R2 are equivalent thermal resistances.
a) Assuming that the system input is the power dissipate by the electrical resistance:
u ( t ) =qi (t) , derive the ODEs for the system that describe the temperature dynamics.
b) The power dissipated by the resistor, all of which is converted to heat, is
qi ( t )= I 2 (t)∙ R . Update the governing equations derived in a) using the current through
the resistor as the new input.
c) Write the system in nonlinear state space form:
d
T ( t )=f 1 (T 1 ,T 2 , I)
dt 1
d
T ( t )=f 2 (T 1 ,T 2 ,T a )
dt 2

d) Linearize the system above around a general equilibrium condition using:

T 1 ( t )= T́ 1 +δ T 1 (t)
T 2 ( t )= T́ 2 +δ T 2 (t)
I ( t )= Í+δI (t )
T a ( t )= T́ a +δ T a (t )
δ T a ( t )=0

e) Find the transfer function:

δ T (s )
G (s)= 2
δI (s)

f) Determine the steady state temperature variation δ T 2 ( s ) when the system is subject to
a unit step input from its equilibrium point ( δI (t ) is a unit step).