REFINERY

Carillo, Mae Antonette

Prado, Adrian Jay
Bea B. Peral
What is a refinery?
• A refinery is a facility
where raw materials are
converted into some
valuable substance by
having impurities
removed.
• Refineries varies from
one another depending
on their capacities and
types of processing units
used to produce useful
end products.
An oil refinery
 Types of Refinery
• Oil Refinery- A refinery is an
industrial complex that transforms
crude oil into refined and mre
useful products such as petroleum,
diesel fuel, kerosene, LPG and fuel
oils.
• Metal Refinery- purpose of turning
metal ore into refined metal (purer
metal) as well as producing alloys. Sugar refinery
It involves the process smelting and
calcination.
• Sugar Refinery- processes raw
sugar into white refined sugar or
processes sugar beet to refined
sugar.
Metal refinery
 Oil Refineries as Focused
• Oil refineries have a
distillation column and can
have any combination of
secondary processing unit
depending on the type of
crude oil they process and
products they want to
produce.
• A distillation column
separates crude oil into
different petroleum
products based on the
differences of boiling points
through the process of
distillation. Distillation Column
• The hundreds of different ● Samuel Kier
hydrocarbon molecules in established
crude oil are separated in a America's first oil
refinery into components that refinery in Pittsburgh
can be used as fuels, on Seventh avenue
lubricants and feedstocks in near Grant Street, in
petrochemical processes that
1853.
manufacture plastics,
detergents, solvents,
elastometrs and fibers such as
nylon and polyesters.
• Jamnagar Refinery in India is
the World's largest oil refinery,
with 1.2 million barrels per day
of output capacity.
JJAMNAGAR REFINERY IN INDIA
Three Process of Oil Refinery
• Separation- molecules are separated through
atmospheric distillation according to their
molecular weight.
• Conversion- There are still many too heavy
hydrocarbon molecules remaining. To meedt the
demand for lighter prodcuts, heavy molecules
are cracked again into two or more lighter ones
• Treating- It involves removing significantly
corrosive molecules such as sulfur that cause
air pollution
 Refined Petroleum Products and
their Uses
• LPG- also known as butane and propane
which is used as an automotive fuel or
packaged in bottles and used for household
purposes such as for cooking
• Gasoline and Diesel- are used as fuels for
motor vehicles
• Kerosene- used as jet fuel
• Naphtha- major petrochemical livestock
• Base Oils- used to make lubricants
• Asphalts-used to pave roads.
 Importance and Bad Effects of
Refineries
Importance Effects
• Without refineries, pure • Refineries especially oil
metal wont be exracted, refineries emitts gases
there would not be a that can cause respiratory
refined sugar and crude problems such as asthma,
oil cannot be sold to
chest pain and bronchitis.
different industries for a
broad range of purpose Aside from that it can also
which will affect leads to a variety of health
transportation and our problems such as birth
everyday lives. defects and cancer
• The absence of refineries
would make technology
doomed.