MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY 1

EXPERIMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF

DISCHARGE
WITH VENTURI TUBE

NAME: __________________________________________________ DATE: ___________

YEAR AND SECTION: _______________________________ GROUP NO.: _____________

I. OBJECTIVE/S

 To learn how to use the synthetic hydro-experimental machine

 To seek, with venturi tube, the relation between discharge and difference of
pressure and coefficient of discharge of them.

II. THEORY

The Venturi effect is a jet effect; as with an (air) funnel, or a thumb on a

garden hose, the velocity of the fluid increases as the cross-sectional area
decreases, with the static pressure correspondingly decreasing. According to the
laws governing fluid dynamics, a fluid's velocity must increase as it passes
through a constriction to satisfy the principle of continuity, while its pressure must
decrease to satisfy the principle of conservation of mechanical energy. Thus, any
gain in kinetic energy a fluid may accrue due to its increased velocity through a
constriction is negated by a drop-in pressure. An equation for the drop-in
pressure due to the Venturi effect may be derived from a combination of
Bernoulli's principle and the continuity equation.
III. APPARATUS

 Synthetic Hydro-Experimental Machine

 Platform Scale
 Water Bucket

IV. METHOD OF EXPERIMENT

1. Prepare all the apparatus

2. Ensure the machine is in good condition before operating it.
3. Turn on the machine.
4. Discharge must be measured by means of the weight method. A bucket and a
platform scale are put below under discharge piping.
5. Turn the delivery valve to make the water flow.
6. When flow becomes stable, that is when difference in indication of the
manometer is constant, the time required is usually within 20 seconds, flow
begins to be dropped into the bucket with discharge piping. And you observe the
platform scale and start and stop watch as soon as the scale takes a proper
weight (which is total weight of the bucket itself and dropped water) and when the
scale takes proper weight further, the stop watch is stopped.
7. Then, flow runs down to the main tank as the discharge pipe is turn. Indication of
the manometer is recorded during the experiment.
 V. RELATIVE EQUATIONS

Venturi Tube

According to Bernoulli’s theorem,

𝑣12 𝑃1 𝑣22 𝑃2
+ = +
2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾

Where 𝑧1 = 𝑧2 (same level)

Then, putting 𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = 𝑃,
1 𝑃
(𝑣12 − 𝑣22 ) =
2𝑔 𝛾
𝛾: weight of the fluid per unit volume
𝐷
As flow is continuous, 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 ( )2
𝑑
𝑣 2 𝐷 2 𝑃
∴ 1 {( ) − 1} = = 𝐻
2𝑔 𝑑 𝛾
H = Head difference of the manometer
Flow being continuous,

Q=A×v

𝜋 2 2𝑔𝐻
𝑄= 𝑑 𝑐𝑣 √ 2
4 𝑚 −1

A: cross-sectional area
Cv: coefficient of Venturi-meter (0.985)
v: velocity
Q: discharge
m: (D/d)2

D = 35 mm
d = 23 mm
 VI. TABLES

Initial weight (weight of the bucket):

Total weight
ΔP Cv
No. of (weight of the
Time Q(actual) (manometer Q(theoretical) (Coefficient
Trials bucket and
reading) of Venturi)
water)
1 ___ 0.985
sec
2 ___ 0.985
sec
3 ___ 0.985
sec
4 ___ 0.985
sec

VII. COMPUTATION
VIII. CONCLUSION

IX. RECOMMENDATION