a.

Geography: Canada, second largest country in the world in area (after Russia),
occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America.

Capital: Ottawa
Population: 36,307,820
Official Language: English, French
Money: Canadian dollar
Area: 9,970,610 square kilometres

b. Politics and Society:

Government.Canada is a confederation of ten provinces and three territories,
with a central federal government managing national services and international
relations. Each province and, to a lesser extent, each territory has constitutional
sovereignty over at least some aspects of its affairs. Each level of government is
a constitutionally governed democracy, modeled on the British parliamentary
system with representatives chosen in statutorily scheduled elections. Suffrage is
universal for all citizens over the age of eighteen, except, in some instances,
those in prison or citizens living overseas. Political control at each level of
 government is determined by the political party that wins the largest number of
representative seats, not by proportion of popular vote. The election of each
representative, however, is direct and proportional, the winner being the
candidate who receives the single largest percentage of the votes cast.

Read more: https://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Canada.html#ixzz5uZojPdvw

In the early history chapter, we left off with the British army having conquered the
French colony of Quebec, placing thousands of worried French settlers under uncertain
English rule. Meanwhile, the 13 British colonies of New England had declared
independence as the United States of America, which sent hoards of English-
speaking Loyalists northward, looking for somewhere to live that was still under British
rule. They found Quebec. To achieve peace in their now uncomfortably diverse colony,
in 1791 the Brits chopped Quebec in half, making one colony into two: Upper
Canada for the English, and Lower Canada for the French. Form of Government:
Federal parliamentary state .Governments likewise needed some kind of communication
system which would allow them to administer their states well. Important day-day
decisions must be discussed and addressed at fastest time possible.
c. Civilization formed(Ancient History)
d. Agriculture, trade, economy, and industries
The last third of the nineteenth century, covering the years from Confederation until the
beginning of the era of rapid expansion on the Western prairies, was a formative period
for Canada. It is surprising that this period has as yet received little attention from
economic historians, for analyses of demographic and economic changes during these
years may yield high returns in the form of a more sophisticated interpretation of
Canadian development.
e. Inventions

The more people got connected by trade and exploration, the more they needed a way to
easily maintain these connections and communicate with each other in real time.
Governments likewise needed some kind of communication system which would allow
 them to administer their states well. Important day-day decisions must be discussed and
addressed at fastest time possible. Thus, the development of the telephone by Alexander
Graham Bell was one of the most important inventions at that time.

f. Significant Personalities

Alexander Grahanmbell Born in Scotland and later becoming a U.S. citizen, Bell
spent his life in pursuit of scientific discovery, and despite his myriad
accomplishments as a scientist and inventor, he saw himself first and foremost as a
teacher of the deaf, dedicating the majority of his work to that field.
g. Art and Architecture
Between Confederation (1867) and the outbreak of the First World War (1914),
Canada's development from British colony to modern, largely urban, industrial
and effectively self-governing nation was reflected in its architecture.

Late Nineteenth 19th-Century Styles

In the 1870s, the Second Empire style, French in origin, American by adoption and
marked by rich classical sculptural effects and high mansard roofs (sometimes slate),
was the dominant mode for public buildings. The style was applied to hotels, railway
stations, city halls — especially Montréal's Hôtel de Ville (H.M. Perrault, 1872–78) —
and provincial legislatures, including those of Québec (E.E. Taché, 1877–87) and New
Brunswick (Charles Dumaresq, 1880–82).

h. Language. Literacy, and Education

Linguistic Affiliation.Canada is bilingual, with English and French as the official
languages. English takes precedence in statutory proceedings outside of
Quebec, with English versions of all statutes serving as the final arbiter in
disputes over interpretation. As of 1996, the proportion of Canadians reporting
English as their mother tongue was just under 60 percent while those reporting
French as their mother tongue was slightly less than 24 percent. The percentage
of native English speakers had risen over the previous decade, while that of
French speakers had declined.

Read more: https://www.everyculture.com/Bo-Co/Canada.html#ixzz5uZoNF0dv

i. Social Classes

j. Form of Currency

The Canadian Dollar

In early Canadian history, people in Britain’s Canadian colonies used a variety of

different currencies to buy things, including British pounds, American dollars,
Spanish pesos, and even unique colonial currencies made by local banks and
governments. In 1867, the new unified Canadian government gained exclusive
constitutional power over currency, and in 1870 it used this power to pass
the Dominion Notes Act (now known as the Currency Act) which made
the Canadian Dollar($) the official currency of Canada. A Canadian dollar is made up
of 100 Canadian cents (₵).

k. Justice system/ system of punishment

l. Mathematics
m. Culture (myths, festivals, food drinks, etc.)

n. Religion/Mythology

Religious Traditions

In Canada the principal religion is Christianity; as recently as the 1971 census, almost
90 per cent of the population claimed adherence. In the 2011 census, 39 per cent of
Canadians identified themselves as Roman Catholic and 27 per cent as Protestant.
Whereas in 1971, only 5 per cent of Canadians were unaffiliated with any religion, by
2011 that number had risen to 24 per cent. Before European settlement Aboriginal
peoples practised a wide variety of religions (see Religion of Aboriginal People). Many
Aboriginal persons and groups were converted to Christianity through missionary work
that began in New France, but in recent years there has been a revival of Aboriginal
religions.

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/alexander-graham-bell
https://www.britannica.com/place/Canada
http://www.thecanadaguide.com/history/the-19th-century/
https://www.natgeokids.com/au/discover/geography/countries/facts-about-canada/
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-of-economics-and-political-science-
revue-canadienne-de-economiques-et-science-politique/article/late-nineteenth-century-business-
cycles-in-canada/8A13A28CC8180508B78495BB3C353382
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/architecture
http://www.thecanadaguide.com/basics/money/
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/religion