1.

a)

This equation was used because the

magnitude of the magnetic force exerts on
the current carrying
F= magnetic force
B=magnitude of the magnetic flux density
𝐼= Current
𝑙= length of the conductor

Direction: by using right hand rule,the direction is upward.

This equation was used because the

b) 𝐹 = 𝐼𝑙𝐵𝑆𝐼𝑁𝜃
magnetic force on the conductor is
F= magnetic force zero when the conductor is pareallel
to the mgnetic field.
B=magnitude of the magnetic flux density
𝐼= Current
𝑙= length of the conductor
𝜃=angle between direction of 𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵

𝐹 = 𝐼𝑙𝐵𝑆𝐼𝑁𝜃

𝐹 = 𝐼𝑙𝐵𝑆𝐼𝑁𝜃
= (25)(30)(50 × 10−6 )𝑆𝐼𝑁 0
= 0𝑁
 𝐹 𝜇0𝐼1 𝐼2
2) a) =
𝑙 2𝜋𝑑

F= magnetic force
𝐼= Current
𝑙= length of the conductor
𝑑= distance

𝐹 𝜇0𝐼1 𝐼2 This equation was used because the

= magnitude og mgnetic force exert on two
𝑙 2𝜋𝑑
parallel current carrying.
(4𝜋× 10−7 )(25)(35)
= 2𝜋(25×10−2 )
= 2.1 × 10−3
Direction: Force is repulsive

𝐹 𝜇0𝐼1 𝐼2
b) =
𝑙 2𝜋𝑑
(4𝜋× 10−7 )(25)(35)
=
2𝜋(25×10−2 )
= 2.1 × 10−3

Direction : Force is attractive

3) a) A galvanometer consist of a coil of wire loops on an iron core that pivots between the
pale faces of a permanent magnet.
Attach to the coil it is the spring .
With no current, the pointer is at zero
When there is a current in the coil, the magnetic exerts a torque on the coil that is
proportional to the currents.

𝜏 = 𝐵𝐴𝑁𝐼 𝑆𝐼𝑁 𝜃
The coil turns to rotates.
As the coil turns the spring supplies a counter torque,which oppose magnetic field torque
when the two torque in equilibrium,the pointer indicates a defiection angle that is
propotional to the coil current.
This equation was used because the coi;
is in magnetic field of flux density B and
b) 𝜏 = 𝐵𝐴𝑁𝐼 𝑆𝐼𝑁 𝜃 the plane coil makes an angle 𝜃 with the
direction of the magnetic field. And a
𝜏=torque on the coil
current is lowing around the coil .
B= magnetic flux density
𝜃= angle between vector A and B

𝜏 = 𝐵𝐴𝑁𝐼 𝑆𝐼𝑁 𝜃
= (0.5)(1.5 × 10−3 )(100)(5)(𝑆𝐼𝑁 90)
= 0.375 𝑁

c) When the current ,𝐼 flows throught the coil, the magnetic field exerts a torque on
the coil which is 𝜏 = 𝐵𝐴𝑁𝐼 𝑆𝐼𝑁 𝜃 .
Based on formula,𝜏 = 𝐵𝐴𝑁𝐼 𝑆𝐼𝑁 𝜃 , we know if ammeter loses its magnetisation
due to long period usage, the effect of this change on torque is torque decrease and
the reading of the ammeter also decrease.