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Vertebral Foramen
Atlas (C1)
• Intervertebral foramen
Sacrum
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
Brachial Plexus By: CK 9
Terms To Define?
Horns in Spinal Cords..?
• Ventral/Anterior Horn Ramus…?
• Lateral Horn • Ventral Ramus
• Dorsal/Posterior Horn • Dorsal Ramus
Root…?
• Ventral Root Efferent Nerve….?
• Dorsal Root
Spinal Nerve…? Afferent Nerve…?
Ganglion…?
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
Brachial Plexus By: CK 10
“Horns” In The Spinal Cord
• In the spinal cord the gray matter is present inside
and white matter is towards outside while in brain
this distribution is vice versa.
• On cross section of the spinal cord gray matter in
spinal cord presents butterfly like structure form
which some projections like “Horns” are seen termed
as:
Ventral/Anterior Horn→ {Ventral/Anterior/Motor Root
Centre}
Lateral Horn →{Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons; its
present only in T1-L2}
Dorsal/Posterior Horn→{Dorsal/Posterior/Sensory Root
Centre}
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
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Terms To define….cont’d
• Root
• Ventral/Anterior/Motor/Efferent Root:
It arises from Ventral or Anterior horn
of the Spinal Cord and carries only motor fibers.
• Dorsal/Posterior/Sensory/Afferent Root:
It arises from Dorsal or Posterior horn
of the Spinal Cord and carries only sensory fibers.
Spinal Nerve:
• The dorsal and ventral roots, arising from each spinal
cord segment, fuse within the intervertebral foramen
to form a mixed spinal nerve.
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
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Terms To define….cont’d
• Ganglion: Collection of the nerve cell bodies is called
“Ganglion” e.g., Dorsal Root Ganglion “DRG”, sympathetic
paravertebral ganglion.
• Ramus (Pl. rami)
The spinal nerve when exits from the vertebrae it divides
into two branches termed as;
1. Ventral/Anterior Primary Ramus
2. Dorsal/Posterior Primary Ramus
• Ventral/Anterior Ramus:
It is the ventral or anterior division of the
spinal nerve out side the vertebrae. It supplies to the skin,
muscles on anterior body & viscera etc.
• Dorsal/Posterior Ramus:
It is the dorsal or posterior division of the
spinal nerve out side the vertebrae. It supplies to the skin &
muscles of the back.
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK) Brachial Plexus By: CK 14
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• All plexus i.e., Cervical, Brachial & Lumbo-sacral are
formed by the fusion of Ventral or Anterior Primary
rami of the spinal nerves.
• Brachial Plexus are formed by anterior primary rami of
C5 , C6 , C7 , C8 , T1 spinal nerves.
• Now these are termed as Ventral/ Anterior Spinal Nerve
Roots.
• Brachial Plexus has the following relations to the
surrounding structures:
– The roots lie between the anterior and middle scalene
muscles.
– The trunks traverse the posterior triangle of the neck.
– The divisions lie behind the clavicle.
– The cords lie in the axilla, and are named according to
their relationship with the Axillary artery.
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Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK) Brachial Plexus By: CK 18
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
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Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
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• Nerve Roots
ROOT
– C5,6,7,8,T1
• Trunks
– Upper
T
RUNK
– Middle
– Lower
DIVISIONS
• Divisions
– Anterior
CORDS – Posterior
• Cords
B
RANCHES – Lateral
– Medial
22
– Posterior
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK) Brachial Plexus By: CK
Brachial Plexus…..cont’d
• Roots : These are constituted by the anterior
primary rami of spinal nerves C5 , C6 , C7 , C8 , T1 .
• Trunks :
o Upper Trunk: It is formed by the combination of
C5 & C6 spinal nerve roots.
o Middle Trunk: It is formed by the continuation of
the C7 spinal nerve root.
o Lower Trunk: It is formed by the combination of the
C8 & T1 spinal nerve roots.
The trunks traverse the posterior triangle of the
neck.
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK) Brachial Plexus By: CK 23
`
• Divisions:
Now each trunk give rise to two divisions i.e.,
1. Anterior Division
2. Posterior Division
The divisions lie behind the clavicle.
• Cords:
o Lateral Cord: It is formed by the combination of Anterior
divisions of Upper & Middle Trunks.
o Medial Cord: It is formed by the continuation of anterior
division of Lower Trunk.
o Posterior Cord: It is formed by the combination of all three
posterior divisions of Upper , Middle & Lower Trunks.
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
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Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK)
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Brachial Plexus…..cont’d
• Musculocutaneous Nerve
• Axillary Nerve
• Median Nerve
• Ulnar Nerve
• Radial Nerve
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/Worlds-
first-double-arm-transplant-patient-delighted.html
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK) Brachial Plexus By: CK 37
References:
Snell's Text Book of Anatomy “Brachial Plexus” 23rd Ed.
Human Anatomy “Upper Limb& Thorax Anatomy”
Vol.I By: B.D Chaurasia.
“Anatomy & Physiology” By: Inderbir Singh,
JP Brothers Publication.
“ESSENCE” (A Review Book of Gross Anatomy)
6th Ed. Dow Promotion Cell Publication.
Electromyography & Neuromuscular Disorders” By David
C.Preston & Barbra E.Shapiro 2nd Ed.
www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/
Worlds-first-double-arm-transplant-patient-
delighted.html
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK) Brachial Plexus By: CK 38
“Success doesn’t lie in the Results”
“but in the Efforts”
“Being” the best is NOT so important
“Doing” the best is all that Matters…!
Brachial Plexus By Dr Chaman Lal (CK) 39