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Eurocode 3
Table of Design Properties for Flanged Steel
Profiles (IPE, HEA, HEB, HEM)
Description:
Design aid - Table of design properties for flanged steel profiles (IPE, HEA, HEB, HEM) including
geometrical properties of cross-section (area, second moment of area, elastic modulus, plastic
modulus), strength properties (plastic moment, plastic shear), and buckling properties (section
class, buckling curves)
According to:
EN 1993-1-1:2005+AC2:2009

Input
Profile type =  IPE

Steel class =  S 235

Steel partial material safety factor for γM0 =  1

cross-section resistance

Units =  mm
 Notation for flanged profiles according to EN1993-1-1

Tables

Design properties of IPE profiles for S235 steel class (γM0 = 1.00, units = mm)

Excel

Profile dimensions

Web Flange Root

Depth Width Weight
thickness thickness radius
Profile Drawing h b m
tw tf r
[mm] [mm] [kg/m]
[mm] [mm] [mm]

IPE80 dxf 80 46 3.8 5.2 5 6.00

IPE100 dxf 100 55 4.1 5.7 7 8.10

IPE120 dxf 120 64 4.4 6.3 7 10.4

IPE140 dxf 140 73 4.7 6.9 7 12.9

IPE160 dxf 160 82 5.0 7.4 9 15.8

 Profile

Notes
IPE80
1. The design resistances of the profiles correspond to cross-section resistances reduced
by the partial material factor γM0 in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6.2.3(2), §6.2.4(2),
IPE100
§6.2.5(2), §6.2.6(2). The aforementioned design resistances do not take into account a)
flexural buckling, b) lateral torsional buckling, c) interaction effects of axial force, shear
IPE120
force, bending moment, and d) interaction effects of biaxial bending. Therefore the
presented cross-section resistances are indicative values applicable for special cases. In
general the overall element resitance is smaller and must be verified according to the
IPE140
relevant clauses of EN1993-1-1 Section 6.
2. Torsional properties (IT, WT) and warping properties (Iw, Ww) are accurate results
IPE160
obtained from finite element analysis of the cross-section and they are reproduced
from Table 1 of the following scientific paper: M.Kraus & R. Kindmann, 'St. Venants
IPE180
Torsion Constant of Hot Rolled Steel Profiles and Position of the Shear Centre'. The
notation is described in EN1993-1-3 Annex C.
IPE200
3. Cross-section classification for webs and flanges is presented in accordance with
EN1993-1-1 Table 5.2 for the cases of pure bending without axial force and pure
uniform compression without bending moment. For the case of combined bending
IPE220
moment and compressive axial force the section class has an indermediate value that
may be equal or between the presented values.
IPE240

IPE270
Details
Design properties for flanged steel profiles (IPE, HEA, HEB, HEM) according
to EN1993-1-1

Definition of the cross-section

For typical steel profiles (IPE, HEA, HEB, HEM) the geometric properties of the cross-section
are defined in the following standards:

◦ Geometry of IPE profiles: Euronorm 19 – 57, DIN 1025/5

◦ Geometry of HEA profiles: Euronorm 53 – 62, DIN 1025/3

 ◦ Geometry of HEB profiles: Euronorm 53 – 62, DIN 1025/2

◦ Geometry of HEM profiles: Euronorm 53 – 62, DIN 1025/4

The geometric properties that fully define the cross-section are: total height h, flange width b,
web thickness tw, flange thickness tf, and root radius r. The notation is defined in EN1993-1-1
§1.7 which is reproduced in the figure above.

Geometric properties

The basic geometric properties of the cross-section are calculated by using the fundamental
relations of mechanics. The geometric quantities include the total area of the cross section A
and the second moments of the area about the major axis Iy and about the minor axis Iz,
where the orientation of the major axis of bending y-y and the minor axis of bending z-z is
specified in EN1993-1-1 §1.7 which is reproduced in the figure above. The root fillets are taken
into account in the calculated geometric properties. Due to symmetry the centroid of the
cross-section (center of mass) as well as the shear center are located in the middle of the
height and width.

Shear area

For shear load parallel to the web the shear area Av,z, for the case of rolled I and H sections, is
specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.6(3) as:

Av,z = max( A - 2btf + (tw + 2r)tf , ηtwhw )

where according to EN1993-1-1 §5.1 the value of the coefficient η is assumed equal to η = 1.2
for steel grades up to and including S460 and hw = h - 2tf is the height of the web.

For shear load parallel to the flanges the corresponding shear area Av,y is not specified in
EN1993-1-1 for the case of rolled I and H sections. In the provided tables the shear area Av,y is
assumed equal to the sum of areas of the flanges only, which is a reasonable conservative
assumption:

Av,y = 2btf

Elastic section modulus

The elastic section modulii Wel,y and Wel,z about the major axis y-y and the minor axis z-z
respectivelly are calculated by dividing the second moment of the area Iy and Iz with the
corresponding distance from the centroid to the most distant edge:

Wel,y = Iy / (h / 2)

Wel,z = Iz / (b / 2)

Plastic section modulus

The plastic section modulii Wpl,y and Wpl,z about the major axis y-y and the minor axis z-z
respectivelly correspond to the maximum plastic bending moment when the axial force of the
cross-section is zero and the stress profile is fully plastic. Due to symmetry when the full
plastic bending stress profile is reached with zero axial force the section is divided into two
parts separated by the axis of symmetry. The plastic section modulus corresponds to the sum
of first moments of the area of the two halves about the major axis y-y and the minor axis z-z
respectivelly.
Torsional and warping properties

For open thin-walled cross-sections the torsional constant IT, torsional modulus WT, warping
constant Iw, and warping modulus Ww may be calculated according to the procedure described
in EN1993-1-3 Annex C. The values presented in the tables for the torsional and warping
properties are accurate results obtained from finite element analysis of the cross-section and
they are reproduced from Table 1 of the following scientific paper: M.Kraus & R. Kindmann,
'St. Venants Torsion Constant of Hot Rolled Steel Profiles and Position of the Shear Centre'.
The presented values take into account the actual thickness of the cross-section elements and
the presence of the root fillets.

Design cross-section resistance

The design resistance of the cross-section in axial force, shear force, and bending moment are
calculated in accordance with EN1993-1-1 §6.2. They correspond to the gross cross-section
resistance reduced by the steel partial material safety factor for cross-section resistance γM0
that is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.1 for buildings, or the relevant parts of EN1993 for other
type of structures, and the National Annex.

The aforementioned design resistances do not take into account a) flexural buckling, b) lateral
torsional buckling, c) interaction effects of axial force, shear force, bending moment, and d)
interaction effects of biaxial bending. Therefore the presented cross-section resistances are
indicative values applicable for special cases. In general the overall element resitance is
smaller and must be verified according to the relevant clauses of EN1993-1-1 Section 6.

- Design axial force resistance

The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform tension is specified in EN1993-1-1
§6.2.3(2). The design plastic resistance of the cross-section in uniform compression for cross-
section class 1, 2, 3 is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.4(2). The aforementioned axial force
resistances correspond to the gross cross-sectionial area A and the steel yield stress fy:

Npl,Rd = A⋅fy / γM0

- Design shear force resistance

The design plastic shear resistance of the cross-section is specified in EN1993-1-1 §6.2.6(2). It
corresponds to the relevant shear area Av,z or Av,y, for shear force along the axis z-z and y-y
respectively, multiplied by the steel yield stress in shear fy / √3 :

Vpl,Rd,z = Av,z ⋅ ( fy / √3 ) / γM0

Vpl,Rd,y = Av,y ⋅ ( fy / √3 ) / γM0

- Design elastic bending moment resistance

The design elastic bending moment resistance of the cross-section is specified in EN1993-1-1
§6.2.5(2). It corresponds to the relevant elastic section modulus Wel,y or Wel,z, for bending about
the major axis y-y or about the minor axis z-z respectively, multiplied by the steel yield stress
fy:

Mpl,Rd,y = Wel,y ⋅ fy / γM0

Mpl,Rd,z = Wel,z ⋅ fy / γM0

The elastic bending moment resistance is applicable for class 3 cross-sections. For class 4
cross-sections the effective cross-section properties must be defined that take into account
the reduced effective widths of the compression parts of the cross-section as specified in
EN1993-1-1 §6.2.2.5.

- Design plastic bending moment resistance

The design plastic bending moment resistance of the cross-section is specified in EN1993-1-1
§6.2.5(2). It corresponds to the relevant plastic section modulus Wpl,y or Wpl,z, for bending about
the major axis y-y or about the minor axis z-z respectively, multiplied by the steel yield stress
fy:

Mpl,Rd,y = Wpl,y ⋅ fy / γM0

Mpl,Rd,z = Wpl,z ⋅ fy / γM0

The plastic bending moment resistance is applicable for class 1 or 2 cross-sections.

Cross-section class

The classification of cross-sections is specified in EN1993-1-1 §5.5. The role of the classification
is to identify the extent to which the resistance and rotation capacity of the cross-section are
limited by local buckling of its parts.

Four section classes are identified:

◦ Class 1: Plastic bending moment resistance develops and plastic hinge develops with
rotation capacity adequate for plastic analysis.

◦ Class 2: Plastic bending moment resistance develops but the rotation capacity is limited
by local buckling.

◦ Class 3: Elastic bending moment resistance develops but local buckling prevents the
development of plastic resistance.

◦ Class 4: Elastic bending moment resistance cannot develop because local buckling
occurs before the yield stress is reached at the extreme fiber. Effective widths are used
to account for the effects of local buckling of compression parts.

The classification of the cross-section parts (flanges and web) is specified in EN1993-1-1 Table
5.2. The class of the compression part depends on its width c to thickness t ratio, adjusted by
the factor ε that takes into account the value of the steel yield stress fy:

ε = (235 MPa / fy)0.5

In general the class of the compression part is more unfavorable when it is subjected to
uniform compression, as compared to pure bending. Indicative classification of the flanges
and webs of the steel profiles is presented for the characteristic cases of pure uniform
compression and pure bending moment. In general the class may have an intermediate value
if the stress profile of the compression part occurs from a combination of compressive axial
force and bending moment. The classification of the total cross-section is determined by the
class of its most unfavorable compression part, web or flange.

The examined width to thickness limits c / t for cross-section classification according to

EN1993-1-1 Table 5.2 are presented below:
 Width to thickness limits for cross-section classification according to EN1993-1-1 Table
5.2

Web Outstand Flanges

Class Flanges in pure compression

Web in pure Web in pure due to
compression bending axial force or bending
moment

Class
c / t ≤ 33ε c / t ≤ 72ε c / t ≤ 9ε
1

Class
c / t ≤ 38ε c / t ≤ 83ε c / t ≤ 10ε
2

Class
c / t ≤ 42ε c / t ≤ 124ε c / t ≤ 14ε
3

For the classification of the webs t = tw and c = h - 2tf - 2r.

For the classification of the outstand flanges t = tf and c = b / 2 - tw /2 - r.

Buckling curves
The appropriate buckling curve for rolled flanged sections is specified in EN1993-1-1 Table 6.2
depending on the aspect ratio h/b, the flange thickness tf, the steel yield stress fy, and the
orienation of bending axis.

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