5 PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN TEACHING

https://www.nonstopteaching.com/2018/01/5-pedagogical-approaches-in-teaching.html

Teachers primary concern are the learners. They have to teach in order for their students to learn something. They use
some tools in teaching such as books, visuals, and any other suitable materials. However, teaching is not as easy as that
because they also have to be aware of the 5 Pedagogical Approaches which can enhance the process of learning.

The Five 5 Pedagogical Approaches in Teaching are:

1. Contructivism or the Constructivist Approach
2. Collaborative Approach
3. Inquiry-Based Approach
4. Integrative Approach
5. Reflective Approach

Constructivism or Constructivist Approach

Constructivist teaching is based on constructivist learning theory. It based on the belief that learning occurs as learners
are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction as opposed to passively receiving
information. Learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge.

Collaborative Approach
Collaborative learning is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. Unlike
individual learning, people engaged in collaborative learning capitalize on one another's resources and skills (asking
one another for information, evaluating one another's ideas, monitoring one another's work, etc.).More specifically,
collaborative learning is based on the model that knowledge can be created within a population where members actively
interact by sharing experiences and take on asymmetry roles.

Inquiry-Based Approach
Inquiry-based learning (also enquiry-based learning in British English) is a form of active learning that starts by posing
questions, problems or scenarios—rather than simply presenting established facts or portraying a smooth path to
knowledge. The process is often assisted by a facilitator. Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions to
develop their knowledge or solutions. Inquiry-based learning includes problem-based learning, and is generally used
in small scale investigations and projects, as well as research. The inquiry-based instruction is principally very closely
related to the development and practice of thinking skills.

Integrative Approach
Integrative learning is a learning theory describing a movement toward integrated lessons helping students make
connections across curricula. This higher education concept is distinct from the elementary and high school "integrated
curriculum" movement. Integrated studies involve bringing together traditionally separate subjects so that students can
grasp a more authentic understanding.Interdisciplinary curricula has been shown by several studies to support students’
engagement and learning. Specifically integrating science with reading comprehension and writing lessons has been
shown to improve students’ understanding in both science and English language arts.

Reflective Approach
Reflective teaching is a process where teachers think over their teaching practices, analyzing how something was taught
and how the practice might be improved or changed for better learning outcomes. Some points of consideration in the
reflection process might be what is currently being done, why it's being done and how well students are learning. You
can use reflection as a way to simply learn more about your own practice, improve a certain practice (small groups and
cooperative learning, for example) or to focus on a problem students are having. Let's discuss some methods of
reflective teaching now.
 13 ESSENTIAL 21ST CENTURY SKILLS FOR TODAYS STUDENTS
https://www.envisionexperience.com/blog/13-essential-21st-century-skills-for-todays-students

Educators and workforce experts alike often warn that our children need improved 21st century skills.
Without these skills, they will not be able to successfully participate in the global economy. They won’t be
adequately prepared for college and work.

But what, exactly, are 21st century skills? Are we just talking about computer and technology skills? And
who decides which skills make the list?

It depends on who you ask. But a Hanover Research report, A Crosswalk of 21st Century Skills, sheds
some light on the subject.

More than Computers & Technology

Hanover Research recently analyzed six major educational frameworks designed to improve the
development of 21st century skills. This included frameworks and critical skills listed by the Partnership for
21st Century Skills, Tony Wagner’s Seven Survival Skills, the Metiri Group’s enGauge framework,
the Iowa Core 21st Century Skills, developed by the Iowa Department of Education, the Connecticut State
Department of Education and the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S).

While each framework has slightly different list of critical 21st century skills, all agree on four critical areas
for development:
 Collaboration and teamwork
 Creativity and imagination
 Critical thinking
 Problem solving

“It is easy to see how these skills could be valuable to a new high school graduate and to employers, as
well as how these skills can easily interact with one another,” according to the Hanover Research report.
Others, such as the research division of the Kamehameha Schools in Hawaii, draw similar conclusions
from the various frameworks on 21st century skills.

“More than technological expertise, 21st century skills refer to content knowledge, literacies and
proficiencies that prepare individuals to meet the challenges and opportunities of today’s world,” stated the
Kamehameha Schools report, An Overview of 21st Century Skills.

Other Critical Skills for Success

The Hanover Research analysis also identifies a second tier of important 21st century skills, present in five
of the six major frameworks:
 Flexibility and adaptability
 Global and cultural awareness
 Information literacy
 Leadership

The following skills were present in four of the six frameworks:

 Civic literacy and citizenship
 Oral and written communication skills
 Social responsibility and ethics
 Technology literacy
 Initiative

“The driving force for the 21st century is the intellectual capital of citizens,” said the Metiri Group in its
white paper, Twenty-First Century Skills. “Political, social and economic advances in the United States
during this millennium will be possible only if the intellectual potential of America youth is developed now.”